L'area delle risorgive nel sistema insediativo mesolitico: alcuni esempi dal pordenonese

The authors present the work undertaken on the lithic material collected in the spring area between Orcenico Superiore and Savorgnano (Pordenone-Italy). The sites are located on an NE-SW elongated Lateglacial gravel ridge, which to the present day is to be considered a stable area (i.e. preserved from alluvial and erosive action of Tagliamento and Meduna rivers). Different periods are represented in the lithic industries, spanning from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age. This paper presents the results of the study carried out on the Mesolithic industries, mainly to be ascribed to the Castelnovian tradition. The typological composition of the assemblages shows different activities which could be associated with residential camps, without any particular specialization although this kind of interpretation could be biased by the non systematic nature of the findings. Different operational chains were in place, aiming to produce either bladelets or flakes. Raw materials are mostly of local origin, although few pieces were brought in from the Prealps, showing a North-South mobility along river routes. At the same time, there are scarce lithic materials imported from the upper part of the Udine plain, which is rich in good quality flint pebbles. Further technological and typological differences show a rather neat separation between sites on either sides of Tagliamento river. When we consider the distribution of Mesolithic sites in Friuli, a logistical settlement system seems to emerge: bigger sites are located at the edge of ecologically differentiated areas in connection with stable water sources such as the spring area between Orcenico and S. Vito al Tagliamento and the piedmont; complementary to those, task-related short-term sites characterised by less materials and fewer lithic types are found in the Prealps at middle altitude

APLICAÇÃO DE PERFIS DE VARREDURA NA ANÁLISE GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO RELEVO DE BORDA PLANÁLTICA E MAPEAMENTO DE SUPERFÍCIES ESTRUTURAIS

O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo a aplicação de perfis de varredura para análise geomorfológica na borda planáltica entre o Segundo e Terceiro Planaltos Paranaenses. Os perfis de varredura permitem reconstituir a inclinação dos planos tangenciais às linhas de cumeada e a identificação de faixas de transição de patamares. Foram identificadas oito superfícies estruturais (SE), que são controladas e delimitadas por falhas normais e definem o Alto Estrutural de Mauá da Serra

Flame pyrolysis synthesis of mixed oxides for glycerol steam reforming

Flame spray pyrolysis was used to produce nanosized Ni-based catalysts starting from different mixed oxides. LaNiO3 and CeNiO3 were used as base materials and the formulation was varied by mixing them or incorporating variable amounts of ZrO2 or SrO during the synthesis. The catalysts were tested for the steam reforming of glycerol. One of the key problems for this application is the resistance to deactivation by sintering and coking, which may be increased by (1) improving Ni dispersion through the production of a Ni-La or Ni-Ce mixed oxide precursor, and then reduced; (2) using an oxide as ZrO2, which established a strong interaction with Ni and possesses high thermal resistance; (3) decreasing the surface acidity of ZrO2 through a basic promoter/support, such as La2O3; and (4) adding a promoter/support with very high oxygen mobility such as CeO2. A further key feature is the use of a high temperature synthesis, such as flame spray pyrolysis, to improve the overall thermal resistance of the oxides. These strategies proved effective to obtain active and stable catalysts at least for 20 h on stream with very limited coke formation

Photocatalytic degradation of acetone in gas-phase: comparison between nano and micro-sized TiO2

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are widely used in industrial processes and for domestic activities, so generating water and air pollution. Well-known in-door sources of VOCs include cigarette smoke, building materials, paints, lacquers, glues and cleaning products [1]. In particular, the use of paints in industrial processes is responsible for the widespread utilization of organics solvents, such as acetone. Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a common chemical used extensively in a variety of in-dustrial and domestic applications. Therefore, we chose it as a model contaminant. Photocatalytic oxidation of acetone is based on the following overall reaction: CH3COCH3 + 4O2 \u2192 3CO2 + 3H2O The reaction occurs through radical mechanism car-ried out by hydroxyl radicals, with the formation of sev-eral intermediate products such as formaldehyde, formic acid, methanol and acetaldhehyde [2]. The TiO2 photodegradation of organic compounds has been proposed as an alternative Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) for the decontamination of air, since the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in gas phase appears to be a promising process for the re-mediation of polluted air. In this paper the photocatalytic efficiency towards acetone degradation of four commercial samples, two micro-sized and two nano-sized TiO2 powders is com-pared. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasi-bility of using micro-sized TiO2 instead of nanometric particles, which results in a greater environmental im-pact and higher production costs if compared to the for-mer on

Lo sviluppo delle conoscenze genomiche in vite e il loro potenziale utilizzo nella viticoltura attuale e futura

Nel 2007 sono stati pubblicati i risultati del sequenziamento e dell\u2019analisi dettagliata del genoma di Vitis vinifera frutto di due iniziative indipendenti, una italo-francese e l\u2019altra italo-americana. Questi risultati costituiscono la base per studi futuri e gettano le fondamenta per l\u2019adozione di metodologie innovative per sviluppare e rafforzare la viticoltura italiana e mondiale del XXI secolo. In questa review verranno illustrate le potenzialit\ue0 delle tecnologie derivate dalla conoscenza del genoma come ad esempio lo sviluppo di strumenti per l\u2019analisi di espressione genica su larga scala, e riportati alcuni esempi inerenti al loro impiego attuale e futuro in viticoltura

Stress-Induced GSK3 Regulates the Redox Stress Response by Phosphorylating Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis.

Diverse stresses such as high salt conditions cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), necessitating a redox stress response. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate the antioxidant system to counteract oxidative stress. Here, we show that a Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 from Arabidopsis thaliana (ASKα) regulates stress tolerance by activating Glc-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which is essential for maintaining the cellular redox balance. Loss of stress-activated ASKα leads to reduced G6PD activity, elevated levels of ROS, and enhanced sensitivity to salt stress. Conversely, plants overexpressing ASKα have increased G6PD activity and low levels of ROS in response to stress and are more tolerant to salt stress. ASKα stimulates the activity of a specific cytosolic G6PD isoform by phosphorylating the evolutionarily conserved Thr-467, which is implicated in cosubstrate binding. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of G6PD adaptive regulation that is critical for the cellular stress response

Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight

Indexación: Web of Science; PubMedBackground Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6–8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages. Results A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles. Conclusions We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-

Influence of TiO2 electronic structure and strong metal-support interaction on plasmonic Au photocatalytic oxidations

Aiming at understanding how plasmonic reactions depend on important parameters such as metal loading and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), we report the plasmonic photodegradation of formic acid (FA) under green LED irradiation employing three TiO2 supports (stoichiometric TiO2, N-doped TiO2, black TiO2) modified with Au nanoparticles (NPs) 3-6 nm in size. The rate of FA photo-oxidation follows different trends depending on Au loading for stoichiometric and doped Au/TiO2 materials. In the first case, the only contribution of hot electron transfer produces a volcano-shaped curve of photoreaction rates with increasing the Au loading. When TiO2 contains intra-bandgap states the photoactivity increases linearly with the Au NPs amount, thanks to the concomitant enhancement produced by hot electron transfer and plasmonic resonant energy transfer (PRET). The role of PRET is supported by Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations, which show that the increase of both Au NPs inter-distance and of SMSI enhances the probability of charge carrier generation at the Au/TiO2 interface

Grapevine field experiments reveal the contribution of genotype, the influence of environment and the effect of their interaction (GXE) on the berry transcriptome

Changes in the performance of genotypes in different environments are defined as genotype x environment (G x E) interactions. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera), complex interactions between different genotypes and cli- mate, soil and farming practices yield unique berry qualities. However, the molecular basis of this phe- nomenon remains unclear. To dissect the basis of grapevine G x E interactions we characterized berry transcriptome plasticity, the genome methylation landscape and within-genotype allelic diversity in two genotypes cultivated in three different environments over two vintages. We identified, through a novel data-mining pipeline, genes with expression profiles that were: unaffected by genotype or environment, genotype-dependent but unaffected by the environment, environmentally-dependent regardless of geno- type, and GxE-related. The GxE-related genes showed different degrees of within-cultivar allelic diversity in the two genotypes and were enriched for stress responses, signal transduction and secondary metabo- lism categories. Our study unraveled the mutual relationships between genotypic and environmental vari- ables during GxE interaction in a woody perennial species, providing a reference model to explore how cultivated fruit crops respond to diverse environments. Also, the pivotal role of vineyard location in deter- mining the performance of different varieties, by enhancing berry quality traits, was unraveled