A Review on Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Embedded Systems

Importance of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography was independently proposed by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller in 1985.Since then, Elliptic curve cryptography or ECC has evolved as a vast field for public key cryptography (PKC) systems. In PKC system, we use separate keys to encode and decode the data. Since one of the keys is distributed publicly in PKC systems, the strength of security depends on large key size. The mathematical problems of prime factorization and discrete logarithm are previously used in PKC systems. ECC has proved to provide same level of security with relatively small key sizes. The research in the field of ECC is mostly focused on its implementation on application specific systems. Such systems have restricted resources like storage, processing speed and domain specific CPU architecture.Comment: Review Articl

Biology, Adaptability, and The Economic Applications of Tardigrades In Future

Tardigrades are small microscopic creatures also known as moss piglets or water bears. They are extremophiles and well known for its survivability. After successfully ruling the space tardigrades are now expected to save lives. From being a ‘survivor’ tardigrade is now headed to be a ‘savior’. This survivability is due to a special type of sugar known as “Trehalose”. Trehalose can be found in extremophiles organisms including tardigrades. The unique feature of this sugar is the ability to preserve biological molecules. One of the big applications of the tardigrades are the “dry vaccine”. Our world is struggling through a big crisis of covid-19 vaccine, it is next to impossible to make the highest demanded vaccine available to every corner of the earth at the low-temperature range in such a short period of time, and according to WHO half of the vaccines get wasted due to the cold chain method So, we can implement these dry vaccines for covid-19, to reduce the freezing cost, increasing the shelf life of vaccine and make every vaccine reach to needy in a live condition. Now, trehalose is not only confined to preserve vaccines but this can help in preserve the organs that are going to be used either for transplantology or organ donation. This special protein is yet to give a new turn to not only the medical field and to save human life but tardigrades can be implemented for plants in increasing the tolerance to a stressful environment for future climate changes and space settlement hence this paper provides an overview regarding the application and economical aspects of the tardigrade

DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN GENERAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Conventional need of broad spectrum antibiotics for multiple organ infections in hospital, ensue the problem of resistance. Most of the antibiotic utilization is empirical leading to their irrational prescriptions. Our present study aims in accessing the drug utilization evaluation of antibiotic usage in a tertiary care hospital which helps in accessing rationality that aid in monitoring the drug efficacy, cost constraints and other factors related to patient safety.Methods: A prospective study was conducted for a period of four months from September 2015 to December 2015 in the Medicine department of Viswabarathi Hospital, Kurnool and AP.Results: A total of 210 prescriptions were analyzed. Among the wide range of antibiotics, i.e., 479 antibiotics prescribed, beta-lactams were found in the maximum cases which accounts for more than half of the cases. Little more than half of the prescriptions i.e.51.90% was with two antibiotics, followed by three antibiotic prescriptions. 9.05% prescriptions were with 4-5 antibiotics.Conclusion: Judgmental use of antibiotics will reduce the burden of multi-drug resistance and thereby enabling better patient management and limiting the resultant morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Infections, Prescriptions, Rationality, Antibiotic

In vitro cryopreservation of date palm caulogenic meristems

Cryopreservation is the technology of choice not only for plant genetic resource preservation but also for virus eradication and for the efficient management of large-scale micropropagation. In this chapter, we describe three cryopreservation protocols (standard vitrification, droplet vitrification, and encapsulation vitrification) for date palm highly proliferating meristems that are initiated from vitro-cultures using plant growth regulator-free MS medium. The positive impact of sucrose preculture and cold hardening treatments on survival rates is significant. Regeneration rates obtained with standard vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification, and droplet-vitrification protocols can reach 30, 40, and 70%, respectively. All regenerated plants from non-cryopreserved or cryopreserved explants don't show morphological variation by maintaining genetic integrity without adverse effect of cryogenic treatment. Cryopreservation of date palm vitro-cultures enables commercial tissue culture laboratories to move to large-scale propagation from cryopreserved cell lines producing true-to-type plants after clonal field-testing trials. When comparing the cost of cryostorage and in-field conservation of date palm cultivars, tissue cryopreservation is the most cost-effective. Moreover, many of the risks linked to field conservation like erosion due to climatic, edaphic, and phytopathologic constraints are circumvented. (Résumé d'auteur

Widespread fear of dengue transmission but poor practices of dengue prevention : A study in the slums of Delhi, India

Background This study has been conducted to throw light on the knowledge and practices related to dengue fever among the poor population living in Delhi's slums. Materials A household survey was conducted in 2013 among 3,350 households. The households were stratified by a number of variables related to socio-economic status and health events such as hospitalisation. The data collection was completed through face-to-face interviews conducted with the help of 25 field investigators. Results About 8% of the households had at least one diagnosed dengue case. In comparison to the population surveyed, teenagers (15-19 years) and adults (30-34 years) were more affected whereas children under four years of age were underrepresented. Housewives are more affected by dengue (24%) compared to their share of the population surveyed (17%). Despite the fact that 77% of the respondents are worried about mosquitoes, only 43% of them monitor environment to avoid the presence of breeding sites. Conclusion One cannot exclude the possibility that though young children under the age of four years are exposed to the virus, either their cases were asymptomatic or family members infected during this period had potentially more serious symptoms leading to hospitalisation. This result could thus be explained by budget-related health choices made by this population which do not favour small children. Educational programs should target housewives to improve their impact, as they are the ones mostly responsible for water storage and cleanliness of the house and its neighbourhood. Even with a dengue experience and potentially an acute perception of the risk and its factors, a proper management of environmental conditions is lacking. This along with the fact that word-of-mouth is the main source of information quoted should be a message for municipality health workers to give door-to-door information on how to prevent breeding sites and dengue infection

Tweeting the Meeting: An In-Depth Analysis of Twitter Activity at Kidney Week 2011

In recent years, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) has increased its efforts to use its annual conference to inform and educate the public about kidney disease. Social media, including Twitter, has been one method used by the Society to accomplish this goal. Twitter is a popular microblogging service that serves as a potent tool for disseminating information. It allows for short messages (140 characters) to be composed by any author and distributes those messages globally and quickly. The dissemination of information is necessary if Twitter is to be considered a tool that can increase public awareness of kidney disease. We hypothesized that content, citation, and sentiment analyses of tweets generated from Kidney Week 2011 would reveal a large number of educational tweets that were disseminated to the public. An ideal tweet for accomplishing this goal would include three key features: 1) informative content, 2) internal citations, and 3) positive sentiment score. Informative content was found in 29% of messages, greater than that found in a similarly sized medical conference (2011 ADA Conference, 16%). Informative tweets were more likely to be internally, rather than externally, cited (38% versus 22%, p<0.0001), thereby amplifying the original information to an even larger audience. Informative tweets had more negative sentiment scores than uninformative tweets (means −0.162 versus 0.199 respectively, p<0.0001), therefore amplifying a tweet whose content had a negative tone. Our investigation highlights significant areas of promise and improvement in using Twitter to disseminate medical information in nephrology from a scientific conference. This goal is pertinent to many nephrology-focused conferences that wish to increase public awareness of kidney disease

A Single Case Study on treatment of Ileocaecal Tuberculous Sinus with Kadali Kshara Varti

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon affliction in adolescence. It is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is caused by lymphohaematogenous spread after primary infection in the lung or ingestion of infected sputum and has a typically nonspecific presentation. The occurrence of ileocaecal TB is probably from the contiguous spread of an abdominal focus or mesenteric lymph node. Ileocaecal TB is a rare entity, with very few reported cases in the literature. We report here a case of abdominal TB that manifested in the infection of an abdominal wall resulting in sinus at inguinal region and there by highlighting the Ayurvedic management of abdominal sinus by the use of Kshara Varti. Kshara Varti is the chief modality in the treatment in the Ayurvedic science and has been explained in Nadivrana

Prevalence of sensory peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients at diabetes care centre: a cross sectional study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve damaging disorder associated with diabetes; result from micro vascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply to the nerve (vas nervorum) in addition to macro vascular condition that can culminate in diabetic neuropathy. By the year 2025 hundreds of people were estimated to become diabetic. The rates of prevalence of neuropathy increasing worldwide which is directly related to the nonmodifiable risks like age, duration of diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, gender.Methods: A cross sectional interventional study was conducted on diabetic patients. Questionnaire, instruments and demographic details were used to collect data from patients. The diabetic neuropathy is conformed in patients by using biothesiometric analysis, tuning fork, monofilament, NSS and NDS.Results: Total 331 subjects included in the study, 200 cases diagnosed with DPN according to biothesiometry and prevalence percentage was found to be 60.4% and incidence was found to be 8.76% respectively. A significant greater proportion of males reported neuropathy more than females. The association between the obesity and the DPN was (r2=0.7922) low positive correlation. High positive correlation was confirmed with NSS, NDS respectively.Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of neuropathy among the diabetic subjects and it may go on increasing as the age progress

Sacrospinous colpopexy versus McCall’s culdoplasty during vaginal hysterectomy in stage 3 and 4 prolapse for prevention of vault prolapse

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition seen in women due to weakening of support of pelvic organs. Different surgical procedures have been adopted for suspension of vaginal vault during vaginal hysterectomy to restore vault to near normal anatomic position as preventive measures for vault prolapse. The aim of study was to compare the efficacy of the McCall’s culdoplasty and sacrospinous ligament colpopexy in stage 3 and 4 prolapse (POP-Q).Methods: This prospective study comprised 100 women presenting with stage 3 and 4 prolapse (POP-Q). They were divided into two equal groups of 50 each. The patients were randomized to undergo McCall’s culdoplasty (Group A) or sacrospinous ligament fixation (Group B) with vaginal hysterectomy based on note contained in an envelope comparative analysis was done, and patients were evaluated for intra-operative difficulties and immediate (48 hours) post-operative complications using SPSS-version 23 for statistical analysis. The patients were followed up at one month and one year to evaluate symptomatically and objectively.Results: In group A, patients with 3-degree prolapse 1 woman had hemorrhage and 1 woman had bladder injury intraoperatively. Whereas in group B, 5 women had hemorrhage and 1 woman had rectal injury intraoperatively. All complications were dealt successfully. No other major intra- and post-operative complications occurred.Conclusions: Vaginal hysterectomy with sacrospinous colpopexy resulted in better outcomes after surgery. Hence, it was concluded that unilateral or bilateral SSLF may be added to vaginal hysterectomy in patients of stage 3 or 4 prolapse

Evaluation of Indole production and Tellurite reduction for speciation of Candida species and Trichosporon species

Background: Candidiasis is one of the commonest infections in man, along with Trichosporon infection. Conventional methods for identification are often delayed, which leads to delay in empirical therapy in these infections. Methods: We here describe two newer methods, i.e. Indole production and Tellurite reduction for identification of these two genera. Results: Both these tests, combined together, were equally good as compared to conventional identification techniques. Conclusion: Indole production and Tellurite reduction are useful tests to identify these common yeast pathogens in the laboratory