1,960 research outputs found
Perturbed Datasets Methods for Hypothesis Testing and Structure of Corresponding Confidence Sets
Hypothesis testing methods that do not rely on exact distribution assumptions
have been emerging lately. The method of sign-perturbed sums (SPS) is capable
of characterizing confidence regions with exact confidence levels for linear
regression and linear dynamical systems parameter estimation problems if the
noise distribution is symmetric. This paper describes a general family of
hypothesis testing methods that have an exact user chosen confidence level
based on finite sample count and without relying on an assumed noise
distribution. It is shown that the SPS method belongs to this family and we
provide another hypothesis test for the case where the symmetry assumption is
replaced with exchangeability. In the case of linear regression problems it is
shown that the confidence regions are connected, bounded and possibly
non-convex sets in both cases. To highlight the importance of understanding the
structure of confidence regions corresponding to such hypothesis tests it is
shown that confidence sets for linear dynamical systems parameter estimates
generated using the SPS method can have non-connected parts, which have far
reaching consequences
Redistribution of meridional atmospheric energy transport caused by polar amplification on an aqua planet
This thesis analyses the alterations of vertically integrated atmospheric meridional energy transport due to polar amplification on an aqua planet. We analyse the energy transport of sensible heat, latent energy, potential energy and kinetic energy. We also cover the energy flux of the mean meridional circulation, transient eddies and stationary eddies. In addition, we also address the response of the zonal mean air temperature, zonal mean zonal wind, zonal mean meridional wind, zonal mean stream function and zonal mean specific humidity.
Numerical model experiments were carried out with OpenIFS in its aqua planet configuration. A control (CTRL) and a polar amplification (PA) simulation was set up forced by different SST (sea surface temperature) patterns.
We detected tropospheric warming and atmospheric specific humidity increase 15-90° N/S and reduction of the meridional temperature gradient throughout the troposphere. We also found reduced strength of the subtropical jet stream and slowdown of the mean meridional circulation. Important changes were identified in the Hadley cell: the rising branch shifted poleward and caused reduced lifting in equatorial areas.
Regarding the total atmospheric vertically integrated meridional energy transport, we found reduction in case of the mean meridional circulation and transient eddies in all latitudes. The largest reduction was shown by the Hadley cell transport (-15%) and by midlatitude transient eddy flux (-23%). Unlike most studies, we did not observe that meridional latent energy transport increases by polar amplification. Therefore, it is stated that the increased moisture content of the atmosphere does not imply increased meridional latent energy transport, and hence there is no compensation for the decrease of meridional dry static energy transport. Lastly, we did not detect stationary eddies in our simulations which is caused by the simplified surface boundary (i.e. the water-covered Earth surface). The main finding of this thesis is that polar amplification causes decreasing poleward energy transport on an aqua planet
A réz-alumínium fémpár korróziós sajátosságai = Corrosion properties of the copper-tin metal couple
Munkánk során megállapítottuk, hogy: - Az alumíniummal elektromosan vezető kapcsolatban lévő réz súlyos lyukkorróziós károkat okozhat levegőn lévő, klorid-ionokat tartalmazó oldatokban. Ilyen körülmények között, egyforma nagyságú felülettel rendelkező alumíniumot is rezet összekapcsolva a közös nyitott áramköri potenciál az alumínium lyukkorróziós tartományába esik. - A réz-ionok hatása hasonló, mivel cementációval leválnak az alumínium felületére. - Az oldatok oxigénmentesítése csökkenti a lyukkorróziós veszélyt. - Klorid-ion mentes közegben réz hatására nem tapasztalható pitting korrózió. Ilyen körülmények között a réz kevésbé jelent kockázatot. - Az alumínium felületén keletkező passzíváló oxidréteg növelése - pl. forróvizes kezeléssel - védelmet nyújthat a réz és a klorid együttes hatására jelentkező lyukkorrózió ellen. | It has been found that: - The presence of copper galvanically connected to aluminium can result in vigorous pitting corrosion of Al in aerated chloride containing solutions. In such circumstances the common open circuit potential of a coupled Al and Cu having equal surface area usually falls in the region of pitting corrosion of aluminium. - Copper ions have the same effect since copper atoms can be deposited on the surface of aluminium via cementation. - Deaerated solutions can be more favourable in order to avoid pitting corrosion - In chloride ion free electrolyte there was no sign of pitting corrosion in the presence of copper. - Passivation of aluminium surface in boiling water can provide protection against pitting corrosion induced by copper and chloride
General Bahr-Esseen inequalities and their applications
Abstract We study the Bahr-Esseen inequality. We show that the Bahr-Esseen inequality holds with exponent p if it holds with exponent q > p for the truncated and centered random variables. The Bahr-Esseen inequality is also true if the truncated random variables are acceptable. We then apply the results to obtain weak and strong laws of large numbers and complete convergence
Fémek adszorpciója idegen fémfelületeken (gyakorlati vonatkozások) = Underpotential deposition of metals on foreign metal surfaces (practical aspects)
A fémfelületkémia három területévell foglalkoztunk a pályázat időtartama alatt. Először, az alapvető célkűzéssel, a fémadszorpcióval (UPD), a rénium platinán végbemenő adszorpciójával, továbbá együttműködésben az adszorbeált fémekkel módosított katalizátorokkal, és végül az adszorbált fémeknek az alapfém korróziós sajátságaira gyakorolt hatásával (két és többfémes korrózió) foglalkoztunk. Másodszor, összefoglaló dolgozatokat tettünk közzé a katódos korrozióvédelem működésének jobb elméleti megalapozása céljából azért, hogy ösztönözzük az eljárás még szélesebbkörű alkalmazását, különös tekintettel a hazai hidak tovább aligha halogatható katódos korrózióvédelmére. A harmadik, terület a fémkorrózió területén előforduló katalitikus jelenségek feltárása és elméleti megalapozása. Legfontosabb eredményünk a vas-cink korróziós cella polaritásának megváltozását értelmező elméleti munkánk, mely szerint a jelenség oka a cink felületén képződő passziváló oxidréteg katalitikusan aktiválja az oxigént és ez a cink elektródpotenciáljának pozitív irányú elmozdulását eredményezi. Összefoglalását adtuk azoknak a folyamatoknak, amelynek eredményeképpen a fémkorrózió során a dioxigén (katalitikusan)aktiválódik. Megállapítottuk, hogy levegős kloridtartalmu oldatban a rézzel érintkező alumínium lyukkorróziója azonnal elkezdődik, Oxigén távollétében ez folyamat nem olyan erőteljes. Az alunínium passziválódása akadályozza ezt a kétfémes korróziót. | Iin the course of the grant three fields of metal surface chemistry has been dealt with. First, it was dealt with the basic programme, with metal adsorption (UPD), adsorption rhenium on platinum, then with preparation of catalysts midified by adsorbed metals, and finally with the influence of adsorbed metals on corrosion behaviour of the substrate metal (bimetallic or multimetallic corrosion). Secondly, review papers were published to make a better foundation for cathodic corrosion protection. Our papers aiming at inciting an even more wide application of the method, regarding the cathodic protection of the bridges which hardly can be delayed further. Third, revelation and theoretical foundation of catalytic phenomena in the field of metal corrosion. The most important result in this field is the theoretical interpretation of polarity reversal of Zn-Fe corrosion cell. This phenomenon is caused by the catalytic activation of oxygen by the passivating oxide layer on zinc surface and this process results in a positive shift of electrode potential of the zinc. It has been found that in aerated chloride ion containing solution, pitting corrosion of an Al/Cu bimetallic system, emerged immediately, while in the absence of oxygen this process was less violent. The processes resulting in (catalytic) activation of dioxygen in metal corrosion have been summarized (calling the attention to the catalytic aspects of cathodic processes of metal corrosion)
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