Use of Bayes factors to evaluate the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on the rabbit cecal microbiota

Background The rabbit cecum hosts and interacts with a complex microbial ecosystem that contributes to the variation of traits of economic interest. Although the influence of host genetics on microbial diversity and specific microbial taxa has been studied in several species (e.g., humans, pigs, or cattle), it has not been investigated in rabbits. Using a Bayes factor approach, the aim of this study was to dissect the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on 984 microbial traits that are representative of the rabbit microbiota. Results Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of cecal microbiota from 425 rabbits resulted in the relative abundances of 29 genera, 951 operational taxonomic units (OTU), and four microbial alpha-diversity indices. Each of these microbial traits was adjusted with mixed linear and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models, which all included additive genetic, litter and cage effects, and body weight at weaning and batch as systematic factors. The marginal posterior distributions of the model parameters were estimated using MCMC Bayesian procedures. The deviance information criterion (DIC) was used for model comparison regarding the statistical distribution of the data (normal or ZIP), and the Bayes factor was computed as a measure of the strength of evidence in favor of the host genetics, litter, and cage effects on microbial traits. According to DIC, all microbial traits were better adjusted with the linear model except for the OTU present in less than 10% of the animals, and for 25 of the 43 OTU with a frequency between 10 and 25%. On a global scale, the Bayes factor revealed substantial evidence in favor of the genetic control of the number of observed OTU and Shannon indices. At the taxon-specific level, significant proportions of the OTU and relative abundances of genera were influenced by additive genetic, litter, and cage effects. Several members of the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides were strongly influenced by the host genetics and nursing environment, whereas the family S24-7 and the genus Ruminococcus were strongly influenced by cage effects. Conclusions This study demonstrates that host genetics shapes the overall rabbit cecal microbial diversity and that a significant proportion of the taxa is influenced either by host genetics or environmental factors, such as litter and/or cage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Use of Bayes factors to evaluate the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on the rabbit cecal microbiota

The rabbit cecum hosts and interacts with a complex microbial ecosystem that contributes to the variation of traits of economic interest. Although the influence of host genetics on microbial diversity and specific microbial taxa has been studied in several species (e.g., humans, pigs, or cattle), it has not been investigated in rabbits. Using a Bayes factor approach, the aim of this study was to dissect the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on 984 microbial traits that are representative of the rabbit microbiota. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of cecal microbiota from 425 rabbits resulted in the relative abundances of 29 genera, 951 operational taxonomic units (OTU), and four microbial alpha-diversity indices. Each of these microbial traits was adjusted with mixed linear and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models, which all included additive genetic, litter and cage effects, and body weight at weaning and batch as systematic factors. The marginal posterior distributions of the model parameters were estimated using MCMC Bayesian procedures. The deviance information criterion (DIC) was used for model comparison regarding the statistical distribution of the data (normal or ZIP), and the Bayes factor was computed as a measure of the strength of evidence in favor of the host genetics, litter, and cage effects on microbial traits. According to DIC, all microbial traits were better adjusted with the linear model except for the OTU present in less than 10% of the animals, and for 25 of the 43 OTU with a frequency between 10 and 25%. On a global scale, the Bayes factor revealed substantial evidence in favor of the genetic control of the number of observed OTU and Shannon indices. At the taxon-specific level, significant proportions of the OTU and relative abundances of genera were influenced by additive genetic, litter, and cage effects. Several members of the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides were strongly influenced by the host genetics and nursing environment, whereas the family S24-7 and the genus Ruminococcus were strongly influenced by cage effects. This study demonstrates that host genetics shapes the overall rabbit cecal microbial diversity and that a significant proportion of the taxa is influenced either by host genetics or environmental factors, such as litter and/or cage

Exploring factors influencing domestic violence: a comprehensive study on intrafamily dynamics

IntroductionThis econometric analysis investigates the nexus between household factors and domestic violence. By considering diverse variables encompassing mood, depression, health consciousness, social media engagement, household chores, density, and religious affiliation, the study aims to comprehend the underlying dynamics influencing domestic violence.MethodsEmploying econometric techniques, this study examined a range of household-related variables for their potential associations with levels of violence within households. Data on mood, depression, health consciousness, social media usage, household chores, density, and religious affiliation were collected and subjected to rigorous statistical analysis.ResultsThe findings of this study unveil notable relationships between the aforementioned variables and levels of violence within households. Positive mood emerges as a mitigating factor, displaying a negative correlation with violence. Conversely, depression positively correlates with violence, indicating an elevated propensity for conflict. Increased health consciousness is linked with diminished violence, while engagement with social media demonstrates a moderating influence. Reduction in the time allocated to household chores corresponds with lower violence levels. Household density, however, exhibits a positive association with violence. The effects of religious affiliation on violence manifest diversely, contingent upon household position and gender.DiscussionThe outcomes of this research offer critical insights for policymakers and practitioners working on formulating strategies for preventing and intervening in instances of domestic violence. The findings emphasize the importance of considering various household factors when designing effective interventions. Strategies to bolster positive mood, alleviate depression, encourage health consciousness, and regulate social media use could potentially contribute to reducing domestic violence. Additionally, the nuanced role of religious affiliation underscores the need for tailored approaches based on household dynamics, positioning, and gender

Thrombospondin-1/CD47 interaction regulates Th17 and treg differentiation in psoriasis

Accumulating evidence on the role of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the immune response has emerged during the last years. In spite of the importance of TSP-1 not only as anti-angiogenic factor but also as an immunomodulatory molecule, studies on the role of TSP-1 in psoriasis have been neglected. TSP-1 and CD47 expression were analyzed in skin samples from psoriasis patients and control subjects using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Expression of these molecules was also evaluated in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, moDCs, and circulating primary DCs. The functional role of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in psoriasis was assessed in Th17 and Treg differentiation assays. Additionally, small interfering RNA assays specific to TSP-1 were performed in CD4+ T cells and monocyte derived DC to specifically evaluate the function of this protein. Lesional skin of psoriasis patients expressed lower TSP-1 and CD47 mRNA levels compared to non-lesional skin or skin from controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed decreased expression of CD47 in CD45+ dermal cells from psoriasis samples compared to control subjects. Peripheral CD4+ T cells and circulating primary DCs from psoriasis also expressed lower levels of CD47 compared to controls. Although no significant differences were detected in TSP-1 expression in CD4+ T cells and moDCs between patients and controls, TSP-1 expression in psoriasis patients inversely correlated with disease activity evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Index Activity. Furthermore, exogenous TSP-1 inhibited Th17 differentiation and stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Treg cells. Furthermore, RNA interference specific for TSP-1 confirmed the role of this molecule as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Because of the impact of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in Th17 and Treg differentiation, a dysregulated expression of these molecules in the immune cells from psoriasis patients may favor the exacerbated inflammatory response in this diseaseInstituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2017): PI17/01972 to ED. Janssen; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO): Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV); Proyecto Integrado de Excelencia PIE13/00041, Instituto de Salud Carlos III to FS-M, Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16/02166, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Banco Santander (grant 2017/EEUU/03), and Red Temática de Excelencia en Investigación en Hipoxia (SAF 2017-90794-REDT) to MJC. This research has been co-financed by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER

Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stromal cells protects the cornea in an experimental model of GVHD

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of subconjunctival injection of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in the cornea of mice with graft versus host disease (GVHD). Methods: GVHD was induced in mice after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between MHC-mismatched mouse strains. Subconjunctival injection of hMSCs was applied at day 10 post-HSCT. Infiltration of CD3+ cells in the cornea and epithelial alterations were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Tear was assessed using the PRT test and TearLab Osmolarity System. qPCR was used to evaluate changes in cytokines, Pax6 and Sprr1b expression. To evaluate the effect of irradiation, we analyzed the expression of these genes in TBI mice. Results: Immune cell invasion occurs in mice with GVHD, as shown by the presence of CD3+ cells in the cornea. Interestingly, eyes treated with hMSC did not present CD3+ cells. Tear osmolarity was increased in GVHD eyes, but not in treated eyes. TNFa expression was highly increased in all corneas except in Control and treated eyes. Pax6 in corneal epithelium showed a similar pattern in GVHD and Control mice, and its gene expression was enhanced in GVHD corneas. In contrast, Pax6 was reduced in GVHD + MSC corneas. We also found an increase in SPRR1B staining in GVHD eyes that was lower in GVHD + MSC mice, demonstrating that corneal keratinization is less frequent after treatment with hMSC. Conclusions: The treatment with hMSCs by subconjunctival injection is effective in reducing corneal inflammation and squamous metaplasia in ocular GVHD (oGVHD). Local treatment with hMSCs is a promising strategy for oGVHD.This study was supported by Fund for Health of Spain (FIS) grant PI12/00939 and Red de Terapia Celular de Castilla y León. Rafael Martínez-Carrasco was supported by a grant from Junta de Castilla y León. A. Velasco, J. Aijón and E. Hernández-Galilea belong to UIC.077 and L.I. Sánchez-Abarca and F. Sánchez-Guijo to UIC-116 from Junta de Castilla y León

Acute diplopia posterior to chemical laberinthectomy

[ES]Introducción: La laberintectomía química con gentamicina es un procedimiento ambulatorio considerado seguro y eficaz y que provoca poca iatrogenia. Presentamos un caso clínico de una rara complicación de la técnica y se revisa la literatura. Caso clínico: Paciente diagnosticada de enfermedad de Ménière izquierda que no responde a esquema de tratamiento conservador. Se propone realizar terapia intratimpánica con corticoide y después una laberintectomía química. Aparece de forma aguda una diplopia sin otra sintomatología acompañante. Discusión: El 95% de los pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière presentan un vértigo controlable con tratamientos médicos convencionales. La seguridad de la inyección intratimpánica de gentamicina está reconocida desde hace años. La susceptibilidad a la acción del fármaco es extremadamente variable y debemos utilizar la menor dosis total posible de gentamicina para no provocar iatrogenia. La monitorización con VHIT puede ser una nueva arma diagnóstica para evitar complicaciones. No hemos encontrado en la literatura referencia alguna a la aparición de diplopia tras la laberintectomía química. Es importante la aplicación de gafas de Frenzel o métodos de grabación de movimientos oculares para diagnosticar en esa fase temprana la aparición de la diplopia. Conclusiones: La terapia intratimpánica es una alternativa segura y eficaz en el manejo del paciente con enfermedad de Meniere. La aparición de la diplopia tras la aplicación de gentamicina puede estar infradiagnosticada. Normalmente se corrige el defecto por sí sólo y no es necesario ningún tratamiento específico. Debemos utilizar todos los medios a nuestro alcance para detectar precozmente la abolición del vestíbulo y realizar la mínima aplicación posible de gentamicina intratimpánica. [EN] Introduction: Chemical laberinthectomy with gentamicin is an ambulatory procedure with a low rate of iatrogenical effects. We present a case with a rare complication and review the especifical literature. Clinical repport: We present a women with a left Meniere´s syndrome. A corticoid intratimpanic threathment was done and we don´t get control of symptoms. A gentamicin laberinthectomy was done, and an accute diplopia with no other clinical manifestations appears. Discussion: 95% of Ménière´s symptoms gets control with medical theathments. Security of gentamicin is accepted since 80`s decade. Susceptibility of action in inner ear is variable. We have to use minimal dosis of gentamicin to have control of the disease. Monitoring with VHIT is a new diagnosys arm to avoid complications. No references of diplopia postlaberintectomy was collected on medical literature. It´s very important control ocular movements by a recording metod or Frenzel glasses. Conclussion: Intratimpanic therapy is a secure metod. A diplopia postlaberinthectomy is undiagnosed. Usually no speciffic treathment is required. We have to use all recurses to detect a earl abolition of vestible and use minimal dose of gentamicin as possible

Inverted papilloma of base of tongue

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: El papiloma invertido fibroescamoso (papiloma invertido ó acrocordoma) es una entidad infrecuente en base de lengua. Debido lo anodino de su presentación clínica y exploración inespecífica puede confundirse con una faringitis crónica. Debemos tener en cuenta esta entidad en nuestra consulta para pacientes que presenten una hipertrofia persistente en base de lengua para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico y abordaje terapeútico del problema. Descripción del caso: Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente de 46 años con una hipertrofia en base de lengua como las que solemos ver a diario en nuestras consultas. Se describe el proceso que siguió hasta el diagnóstico de papiloma invertido fibroescamoso y la resolución del probema. Discusión: El papiloma invertido fibroescamoso puede estar en relación con infecciones causadas por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en pacientes con conductas sexuales orales. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico podría plantearse una cauterización o una reducción con radiofrecuencia de la lesión pero sería deseable una resección completa con margen de seguridad. Sería deseable solicitar específicamente la determinación de VPH en la biopsia en toda lesión de cavidad oral e investigar conducta sexual de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La mayoría de pacientes no reciben una atención adecuada por lo anodino de la clínica y desconocimiento de la entidad. Es una patología que deberíamos considerar en el diagnóstico diferencial de las hipertrofias de base de lengua. [EN] Introduction and objective: The basilingual inverted papilloma is an infrecuent entity, and has simillar symtomps than a persistent or cronic pharingitis. This patollogy has to be keep in mind to a correct diferential diagnosys. Case description: We present a case of a 46 years old female patient, with a progresive hipertrophical tissue in the base of her tongue. We describe the approach of diagnosys and theatment of this entity. Discussion: An inverted papilloma can be related to oral sex, and can be caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). A cauterization of the tissue or a radiofrecuency threatment can been used in some cases. A complete excision of the lesion is the best option. We must ask our pathologist for an specific HPV determination. Conclusions: Most of these patients have a anodine exploration and sintomps. This patollogy has to be keep in mind to a correct diferential diagnosys

Mannose-binding lectin promoter polymorphisms and gene variants in pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Cantabria (northern Spain)

Mannose-binding lectin is a central molecule of the innate immune system. Mannose-binding lectin 2 promoter polymorphisms and structural variants have been associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. However, contradictory results among different populations have been reported, resulting in no convincing evidence of association between mannose-binding lectin 2 and susceptibility to tuberculosis. For this reason, we conducted a study in a well genetically conserved Spanish population in order to shed light on this controversial association. We analysed the six promoter and structural mannose-binding lectin 2 gene variants in 107 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 441 healthy controls. Only D variant and HYPD haplotype were significantly more frequents in controls which would indicate that this allele could confer protection against pulmonary tuberculosis, but this difference disappeared after statistical correction. Neither the rest of alleles nor the haplotypes were significantly associated with the disease. These results would indicate that mannose-binding lectin promoter polymorphisms and gene variants would not be associated with an increased risk to pulmonary tuberculosis. Despite the slight trend of the D allele and HYPD haplotype in conferring protection against pulmonary tuberculosis, susceptibility to this disease would probably be due to other genetic factors, at least in our population

Geometric documentation of the roman mausoleum so-called “the Synagogue” of Sádaba (Spain)

[ES] Se conoce como la «Sinagoga» de Sádaba a las ruinas de un pequeño edificio con planta en forma de cruz de 12 por 14 metros, cuyos restos alcanzan una altura máxima de 4 metros, que se encuentra localizado al sureste del casco urbano del municipio de Sádaba (Zaragoza), junto al Canal de las Bardenas. A pesar de esta denominación, en la actualidad se considera que se trata de un mausoleo de época romana.La documentación realizada incluye una red de coordenadas absolutas obtenidas por técnicas GNSS y un volumétrico por topografía clásica. Asimismo se ha generado un modelo 3D mallado con texturas fotográficas a partir de fotografías.[EN] The so-called “Synagogue” in Sadaba is actually the ruins of a small roman mausoleum with the shape of a cross of 12 by 14 metres and 4 metres high. Located at the municipality of Sadaba in Zaragoza (Spain) near the Canal of the Bardenas.The geometric documentation includes a reference network observed by means of GNSS technologies and computed in absolute coordinates, a wireframe model generated by total station and a three-dimensional model (meshes with photographic textures) obtained by photogrametryAyuntamiento de Sádaba (Zaragoza

Mannose-binding lectin gene variants and infections in patients receiving autologous stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: Serious infections are common in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) mainly because of the effects of immunosuppression. The innate immune system plays an important role in the defense against different infections. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a central molecule of the innate immune system. There are several promoter polymorphisms and structural variants of the MBL2 gene that encodes for this protein. These variants produce low levels of MBL and have been associated with an increased risk for infections. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. The incidence, severity of infections and mortality in 72 consecutive patients with hematologic diseases who underwent ASCT between February 2006 and June 2008 in a tertiary referral center were analyzed according to their MBL2 genotype. INNO-LiPA MBL2 was used for MBL2 gene amplification and genotyping. Relative risks (RR) (IC95%) as measure of association were calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A statistically significant higher number of fungal infections was found in patients with MBL2 variants causing low MBL levels (21.1%versus1.9%, p=0.016). In this MBL2 variant group infection was more frequently the cause of mortality than in the MBL2 wild-type group (p=0.05). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher incidence of major infections in the MBL2 variant group as well as a higher number of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Low-producer MBL2 genotypes were associated with an increased number of fungal infections in ASCT patients, which would suggest that MBL has a protective role against such infections. ASCT patients with MBL2 variant genotypes are more likely to die as a result of an infection