Crónica de las I Jornadas de Arqueología Social. Universidad de Cádiz. 16-17-23-30 noviembre y 1 diciembre

Crónica de las I Jornadas de Arqueología Social. Universidad de Cádiz. 16-17-23-30 noviembre y 1 diciembr

Multi-objective optimization analysis of cutting parameters when drilling composite materials with special geometry drills

The cutting tool geometry is strongly influencing damage induced during drilling of composite materials. The searching of new and optimum geometries reducing the damage on the laminates is still a challenge for the scientific community and industry. This study focuses on drilling woven CFRP laminates with four different tool geometries, analyzing the influence of the cutting parameters on the cutting forces and delamination damage. The work is divided in three phases; the first phase carries out a full factorial design of experiments conducted to quantify the significance of each process parameter as well as its interaction, on the generation of delamination at the hole entry and exit as well as the thrust force and torque. The second phase uses the response surface methodology (RSM) to establish the relationships between each output variable and the input variables based on ANOVA results. Finally, a multi-objective optimization strategy has been presented using the fitting equations to select optimum ranges of design parameters that can minimize collectively the aforementioned output variables. Ultimate objective is the process improvement toward negligible defects during drilling of woven CFRP composites.The researchers are indebted to the Ministerio de Economía y Empresa de España (Projects DPI2017-89197-C2-1-R and DPI2017-89197-C2-2-R) for the financial support which permitted to conduct part of this work as well as the Ministerio the Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Juan de la Cierva program with the reference FJCI-2017-34910

Labour risks in solid waste companies in Andalusia: a gender perspective

The Urban Solid Waste sector has a great trajectory in the implementation of preventive plans in workplace risks. We analyzed two aspects: which are the factors of workplace risks to what the employees are exposed and can essentially affect their health inside of the analyzed sector; and the differences in preventive management performed in companies that had informed their workers about occupational diseases, and analyzed these differences according to workers’ gender. The method used was cross-sectional analysis in eight provinces of Andalusia (Spain). As research tool, a 75-question questionnaire was used to prepare the report on “Working conditions and safety management in enterprises specialized in management of urban solid wastes in Andalusia” by the Andalusian Institute of Occupational Health and Safety. As statistical technique, it has been used multiple correspondence analysis and the Chi-Squared test of independence. In the results there are two different perceptions of workplace risks in organizations that are fixed by the hierarchy in the company. It is possible to establish a direct relationship between the Team Management of the company and the concerning about workplace risks. The greater the distance between leadership’s positions, the greater concern of employees exposed to the workplace risks. Regarding psychosocial risks, we concluded that women are more affected than men.El sector de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos tiene amplia trayectoria en la implementación de planes de prevención en riesgos laborales. Analizamos dos aspectos: cuáles son los factores de riesgos laborales a los que se encuentran expuestos los empleados y que pueden afectar fundamentalmente a su salud dentro del sector analizado; y diferencias en la prevención de riesgos laborales por las empresas del sector que presentaron enfermedades profesionales en función del género de los trabajadores. El procedimiento metodológico consistió en el análisis descriptivo transversal en ocho provincias de Andalucía (España). Como herramienta de estudio se ha utilizado el cuestionario de 75 preguntas para la elaboración del informe sobre “condiciones de trabajo y gestión preventiva en las empresas de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos en Andalucía” realizado por el Instituto Andaluz de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Como técnica estadística se ha usado el análisis de correspondencias múltiple y el test Chi-Cuadrado de independencia. En los resultados se han encontrado dos percepciones bien diferenciadas sobre los riesgos laborales en las organizaciones que vienen fijadas por la jerarquía en la organización. Se puede establecer relación directa entre los puestos de mando de la empresa y la preocupación por los riesgos laborales. A mayor distancia a puestos de dirección mayor es la preocupación de los empleados respecto a los riesgos laborales a los que están expuestos. En cuanto a los riesgos psicosociales se identifica que las mujeres se ven más afectadas que los hombres

Factores de riesgo en el uso del teléfono móvil y de las redes sociales en los estudiantes universitarios

El teléfono móvil se ha convertido en un objeto indispensable para los jóvenes, transformando los espacios de socialización tradicionales en otros virtuales. Su utilización excesiva genera un uso problemático o adictivo. Nuestro estudio analiza la dependencia de los universitarios a las nuevas tecnologías (teléfono móvil y redes sociales), identificando correlaciones entre variables que condicionen esa dependencia, y asociándolos con parámetros que caracterizan a otras adicciones relacionadas con el consumo de sustancias. Aplicamos el cuestionario «Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale», y otro de elaboración propia para las variables socio-demográficas, psicosociales y de redes sociales. Participaron 371 estudiantes de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla). El 53.4% y el 35.1% se consideraron dependientes al teléfono móvil y a las redes sociales respectivamente. La edad de los estudiantes no influye en el uso problemático de los móviles. La probabilidad de efectuar un mal uso de los móviles es mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres

El profesorado universitario desde una perspectiva de género

En este artículo presentamos un estudio de las instituciones universitarias de Castilla y León, y más concretamente de su personal docente, desde una perspectiva de género. Con la finalidad de que sirva como marco de referencia efectuamos, en primer lugar, algunas reflexiones sobre la relación entre el género, la formación y las posibilidades de acceso laboral; en segundo lugar recogemos y comentamos algunos datos en torno a la evolución experimentada por la Universidad Española, en relación con la participación de la mujer entre su profesorado. Este mismo aspecto es revisado también en un otro epígrafe del artículo, en el que nos centramos ya propiamente en las instituciones universitarias de Castilla y León. Por último, describimos la investigación que sobre género y función docente hemos desarrollado durante el curso académico 2001-2002 en la citada comunidad autónoma, presentando los principales resultados al respect

Innovación, una estrategia de competitividad de las empresas colombianas en los mercados internacionales

Esta investigación fue desarrollada con el objetivo de verificar que la innovación es una herramienta valiosa para agregar valor a productos y servicios que incursionan en nuevos mercados y que compiten globalmente, según lo han demostrado compañías internacionales, que actualmente generan productos y servicios novedosos no solo en presentación, sino también en funcionalidad. Aunque no se puede afirmar, que la innovación es la única estrategia a aplicar, si se puede convertir en la mejor, pues es un factor determinante para la generación de competitividad en los paíse

Influence of tool geometry and numerical parameters when modeling orthogonal cutting of LFRP composites

The first objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of mesh size and shape in finite element modeling of composite cutting. Also the influence of the level of energy needed to reach complete breakage of the element is considered. The statement of this level of energy is crucial to simulate the material behavior. On the other hand geometrical characteristics of the tool have significant influence on machining processes. The second objective of the present work is to advance in the knowledge concerning tool geometry and its effect in composite cutting. A two-dimensional finite element model of orthogonal cutting has been developed and validated for Glass LFRP composite, comparing with experimental results presented in scientific literature. It was demonstrated that both numerical parameters and tool geometry influence the predicted chip morphology and machining induced damage.The authors are indebted for the financial support of this work, to the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (under Project DPI2008 06746)Publicad

Improving the outcome of acute cholecystitis: the non-standardized treatment must no longer be employed

[Purpose]: Therapeutic recommendations of acute cholecystitis are not consistently implemented, which generates greater patient morbidity and higher health care costs. The aim of this article is to evaluate the burden of acute cholecystitis, to detect potentially modifiable variables, and to propose a therapeutic strategy that will allow us to improve the quality of care. [Methods]: We carried out a retrospective study of patients who were admitted to the hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 using a univariate analysis of parameters including the admitting department, age, treatment administered, and length of stay. [Results]: A total of 967 patients were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, 692 (72 %) to the Surgery Department, 257 (26 %) to Internal Medicine-Digestive, and 18 (2 %) to other departments. Four hundred ninety-eight (51.5 %) were operated on: 107 (21 %) on an urgent basis, 111 (22 %) at an early stage (96 h at diagnosis), and 128 (26 %) at a delayed date (other admission). Patients who were admitted into the surgery department were five times more likely to be operated on than patients admitted into other departments (p < 0.01). Patients operated on at a late stage had a longer length of stay than early stage surgery patients (p < 0.05) and than non-operated ones (p < 0.05). Patients <74 years old were more frequently operated than older ones (p < 0.05). [Conclusions]: The non-standardized treatment of acute cholecystitis causes high clinical and surgical variability, long average stay, more readmissions, and high hospital costs. Therefore, patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis should be admitted to the Surgery Department, thereby increasing the probability of receiving definite treatment.Peer Reviewe

Wearable Technology to Detect Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Current State and Challenges.

Monitoring of motor symptom fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is currently performed through the subjective self-assessment of patients. Clinicians require reliable information about a fluctuation’s occurrence to enable a precise treatment rescheduling and dosing adjustment. In this review, we analyzed the utilization of sensors for identifying motor fluctuations in PD patients and the application of machine learning techniques to detect fluctuations. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ten studies were included between January 2010 and March 2021, and their main characteristics and results were assessed and documented. Five studies utilized daily activities to collect the data, four used concrete scenarios executing specific activities to gather the data, and only one utilized a combination of both situations. The accuracy for classification was 83.56–96.77%. In the studies evaluated, it was not possible to find a standard cleaning protocol for the signal captured, and there is significant heterogeneity in the models utilized and in the different features introduced in the models (using spatiotemporal characteristics, frequential characteristics, or both). The two most influential factors in the good performance of the classification problem are the type of features utilized and the type of model.post-print900 K