Los cangrejos ermitaños del género paguristes dana (anomura: diogenidae) de la costa norte colombiana, con la descripción de dos nuevas especies

Se registran nueve especies de cangrejos ermitaños del género Paguristes para la costa Caribe colombiana; P. paraguanensis había sido registrada previamente para la región de la Guajira. Las ocho especies restantes son nuevos registros para el Caribe colombiano y dos de estas, P.zebra y P. werdingi, son nuevas especies. La primera procede de la Bahía de Cartagena y las Islas del Rosario; la segunda tiene una distribución más amplia, se la ha encontrado desde la región de Santa Marta hasta la Bahía de Portete, en la península de la Guajira.Nine species of hermit crabs of the genus Paguristes are reported from the Caribbean Colombian coast; P.paraguanensis was previously reported from the Guajira Peninsula. The other eight species are new reports from the Colombian Caribbean; two of them, P. zebra and P. werdingi are new spp.. The first one come Irom the Bahía de Cartagena and Islas del Rosario; the second is more widely distributed, since it has been lound from the Santa Marta region to Bahía de Portete, in the Guajira Penfnsula

Synthetic Fatty Acids Prevent Plasmid-Mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer

Bacterial conjugation constitutes a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among human pathogens. Antibiotic resistance spread could be halted or diminished by molecules that interfere with the conjugation process. In this work, synthetic 2-alkynoic fatty acids were identified as a novel class of conjugation inhibitors. Their chemical properties were investigated by using the prototype 2-hexadecynoic acid and its derivatives. Essential features of effective inhibitors were the carboxylic group, an optimal long aliphatic chain of 16 carbon atoms, and one unsaturation. Chemical modification of these groups led to inactive or less-active derivatives. Conjugation inhibitors were found to act on the donor cell, affecting a wide number of pathogenic bacterial hosts, including Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp. Conjugation inhibitors were active in inhibiting transfer of IncF, IncW, and IncH plasmids, moderately active against IncI, IncL/M, and IncX plasmids, and inactive against IncP and IncN plasmids. Importantly, the use of 2-hexadecynoic acid avoided the spread of a derepressed IncF plasmid into a recipient population, demonstrating the feasibility of abolishing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistances by blocking bacterial conjugation.The work performed by the F.D.L.C. group was supported by grants BFU2011-26608 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and 612146/FP7-ICT-2013-10 and 282004/FP7-HEALTH-2011-2.3.1-2 from the European Seventh Framework Programme. The work performed by M.G. was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from the University of Cantabria. The work performed by D.J.S.-R. was supported by the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health through grant no. 5P20GM103475-13 and the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. The work performed by J.C.-G. was supported by an EMBO postdoctoral fellowship, ASTF 402-2010. The work performed by Biomar Microbial Technologies was supported by grant 282004/FP7-HEALTH-2011-2.3.1-2 from the European Seventh Framework Programme.USD 2,190 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access PilotPeer reviewe

Probing the Star Formation Main Sequence down to 10810^{8} M⊙_\odot at 1.0<z<3.01.0<z<3.0

We investigate the star formation main sequence (MS) (SFR-M$_{\star}$) down to 10$^{8-9}\mathrm{M}_\odot$ using a sample of 34,061 newly-discovered ultra-faint ($27\lesssim i \lesssim 30$ mag) galaxies at $1<z<3$ detected in the GOODS-N field. Virtually these galaxies are not contained in previous public catalogs, effectively doubling the number of known sources in the field. The sample was constructed by stacking the optical broad-band observations taken by the HST/GOODS-CANDELS surveys as well as the 25 ultra-deep medium-band images gathered by the GTC/SHARDS project. Our sources are faint (average observed magnitudes $\sim28.2$ mag, $\sim27.9$ mag), blue (UV-slope $\sim-1.9$), star-forming (rest-frame colors $\sim0.10$ mag, $\sim0.17$ mag) galaxies. These observational characteristics are identified with young (mass-weighted age $\sim0.014$ Gyr) stellar populations subject to low attenuations ($\sim0.30$ mag). Our sample allows us to probe the MS down to $10^{8.0}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ at $z=1$ and $10^{8.5}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ at $z=3$, around 0.6 dex deeper than previous analysis. In the low-mass galaxy regime, we find an average value for the slope of 0.97 at $1<z<2$ and 1.12 at $2<z<3$. Nearly $\sim$60% of our sample presents stellar masses in the range $10^{6-8}$ M$_\odot$ between $1<z<3$. If the slope of the MS remained constant in this regime, the sources populating the low-mass tail of our sample would qualify as starburst galaxies.Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication to Ap

Control del barrenador de las semillas, bephratelloides cubensis ashmead (hymenoptera: eurytomidae) en guanábana, annona muricata l. (annonales: annonaceae)

The insecticides dimethoate, malathion, ethyl-chlorpyriphos, cipermetrine, endosulphan and azadirachtine were evaluated for controlling the seed borer B. cubensis on soursop under field conditions. Dosage of 40, 150, 48, 40, 94.5 and 30 g of active ingredient in 100 L of water, respectively, were used. Likewise, pocketing of fruits with organdi mesh and perforated, transparent plastic bags to avoid humidity accumulation were evaluated. The experiment was repeated twice. The evaluated variable was percentage of infested seeds. Pocketing of fruits with organdi mesh was the best treatment (0.0 and 1.6 % of infestation). The fruits covered with plastic bags showed zero percent of infestation, but these displayed burn spots and a decrease in growth. Dimethoate was the best insecticide treatment (0.75 and 5.9 % of damage), followed by cipermetrine (0.8 and 17.83 % of damage). En condiciones de campo se evaluaron los insecticidas dimetoato, malatión, clorpirifos-etil, cipermetrina, endosulfán y azadiractina para el control del barrenador de las semillas B. cubensis en guanábana. Las dosis aplicadas fueron: 40, 150, 48, 40, 94. 5 y 30 g de i.a. en 100 L de agua, respectivamente; asimismo, se evaluó el embolsado de frutos con tela de organza y bolsas de plástico transparentes y perforadas para evitar la acumulación de humedad. El experimento se repitió en dos ocasiones. La variable evaluada fue el porcentaje de semillas infestadas. El embolsado de frutos con tela de organza fue el mejor tratamiento (0.0 y 1.6% de infestación), en los frutos cubiertos con bolsas de plástico se observó cero porciento de infestación, pero éstos presentaron quemaduras y una disminución en el crecimiento. De los insecticidas evaluados el dimetoato fue el mejor tratamiento (0.75 y 5.9% de infestación) seguido de la cipermetrina (0.8 y 17.83% de infestación)

Efficient preclinical treatment of cortical T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with T lymphocytes secreting anti-CD1a T cell engagers

BACKGROUND: The dismal clinical outcome of relapsed/refractory (R/R) T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) highlights the need for innovative targeted therapies. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have revolutionized the treatment of B cell malignancies, their clinical implementation in T-ALL is in its infancy. CD1a represents a safe target for cortical T-ALL (coT-ALL) patients, and fratricide-resistant CD1a-directed CAR T cells have been preclinically validated as an immunotherapeutic strategy for R/R coT-ALL. Nonetheless, T-ALL relapses are commonly very aggressive and hyperleukocytic, posing a challenge to recover sufficient non-leukemic effector T cells from leukapheresis in R/R T-ALL patients. METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive study using robust in vitro and in vivo assays comparing the efficacy of engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation CD1a-CAR or secreting CD1a x CD3 T cell-engaging Antibodies (CD1a-STAb). RESULTS: We show that CD1a-T cell engagers bind to cell surface expressed CD1a and CD3 and induce specific T cell activation. Recruitment of bystander T cells endows CD1a-STAbs with an enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity than CD1a-CAR T cells at lower effector:target ratios. CD1a-STAb T cells are as effective as CD1a-CAR T cells in cutting-edge in vivo T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CD1a-STAb T cells could be an alternative to CD1a-CAR T cells in coT-ALL patients with aggressive and hyperleukocytic relapses with limited numbers of non-leukemic effector T cellsResearch in LA-V laboratory is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-117323RB-100 and PDC2021-121711-100), and the Carlos III Health Institute (DTS20/00089), with European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) cofinancing; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC PROYE19084ALVA) and the CRIS Cancer Foundation (FCRIS-2018-0042 and FCRIS2021-0090). Research in PM laboratory is supported by CERCA/Generalitat de Catalunya and Fundació Josep Carreras-Obra Social la Caixa for core support; 'la Caixa' Foundation under the agreement LCF/PR/HR19/52160011; the European Research Council grant (ERC-PoC-957466); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-108160RB-I00); and the ISCIII-RICORS within the Next Generation EU program (plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resilencia). MLT is supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105623RB-I00) and the Spanish Association Against Cancer (CICPF18030TORI). PP is supported by Carlos III Health Institute (PI21-01834), with FEDER cofinancing and Fundación Ramón Areces. NT was supported by an FPU PhD fellowship from Spain's Ministerio de Universidades (FPU19/00039). OH was supported by an industrial PhD fellowship from the Comunidad de Madrid (IND2020/BMD-17668). LD-A was supported by a Rio Hortega fellowship from the Carlos III Health Institute (CM20/00004). VMD is supported by the Torres Quevedo subprogram of the State Research Agency of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref. PTQ2020-011056). DSM is partially founded by a Sara Borrell fellowship from Carlos III Health Institute (CD19/00013

Tisanópteros asociados al limón mexicano (Citrus x aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle) en Apatzingán, Michoacán, México

Objetive. to determine taxonomically the species of Thysanoptera in Mexican lime (Citrus xaurantifolia (Christm) Swingle), to understand their fluctuation and population density, andto calculate their interaction with rainfall.Design/methodology/approach. a simple random sample was used. The collections andsamples were carried out every 15 days, in 10 trees, and in 10 vegetative shoots. Thevegetative parts were washed with soap solution, to separate the thrips that were placed inentomologic containers with alcohol at 70 %. In total, 375 pieces of micromounting wereprepared. The taxonomic determination was by comparison. To understand the interaction ofThysanoptera with rainfall, the information was analyzed through a square polynomial, withthe RS REG. SAS method. 2 Results. the number of Thysanoptera collected was 4968. The species Scolothripssexmaculatus was dominant, followed by Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella cephalica, and F.bispinosa. Four predator species of mites and thrips were identified: Scolothripssexmaculatus, Leptothrips mcconelli, Stomatothrips brunneus and Scolothrips palidus. Anadult specimen of the genus Microcephalothrips sp. 1 was found, two individuals of thegenera Liothrips and Microcephalothrips sp. 2, and seven of the genus Karnyothrips, whosespecies were not identified. A peak in the fluctuation and population density was detected,which corresponded to the months of January to April. The effect of rainfall was determinant.Limitations on study/implications. Civil unsafety and decapitalization of the lime productsystem.Findings/conclusions. Five dominating species were present in the three localities:Scolothrips sexmaculatus, Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella bispinosa, F. cephacila and F.curticornis.Objetivo: determinar taxonómicamente las especies de tisanópteros en limón mexicano (Citrus x aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle), conocer su fluctuación y densidad poblacional, y calcular la interacción con la precipitación pluvial.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Las recolectasy muestreos fueron realizados cada 15 d, en diez árboles, y en diez brotes vegetativos. Las partes vegetativas fueron lavadas con una solución jabonosa, para separar a los trips, que fueron depositados en frascos entomológicos con alcohol a 70%. En total, se prepararon 375 micromontajes. La determinación taxonómica fue por comparación. Para conocer la 3 interacción de los tisanópteros con la precipitación pluvial, la información se analizó mediante un polinomio cuadrado, con el método RS REG. SAS.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 4968 tisanópteros. La especie Scolothrips sexmaculatus fuedominante, seguida de Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella cephalica, y F. bispinosa. Seidentificaron cuatro especies depredadoras de ácaros y trips: Scolothrips sexmaculatus,Leptothrips mcconelli, Stomatothrips brunneus y Scolothrips palidus. Se encontró un ejemplaradulto del género Microcephalothrips sp. 1, dos individuos de los géneros Liothrips yMicrocephalothrips sp. 2 y siete del género Karnyothrips cuyas especies no se identificaron.Se detectó un pico en la fluctuación y densidad poblacional, que correspondió a los meses deenero a abril. El efecto de la precipitación pluvial fue determinante.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Inseguridad civil, y descapitalización del sistema producto limón.Hallazgos/conclusiones: En las tres localidades, se presentaron cinco especies dominantes: Scolothrips sexmaculatus, Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella bispinosa, F. cephacilay F. curticornis

A duality in the origin of bulges and spheroidal galaxies

Studying the resolved stellar populations of the different structural components which build massive galaxies directly unveils their assembly history. We aim at characterizing the stellar population properties of a representative sample of bulges and pure spheroids in massive galaxies (M* > 10^(10) Mסּ ) in the GOODS-N field. We take advantage of the spectral and spatial information provided by SHARDS and HST data to perform the multi-image spectro-photometrical decoupling of the galaxy light. We derive the spectral energy distribution separately for bulges and disks in the redshift range 0.14 < z ≤1 with spectral resolution R ∼50. Analyzing these SEDs, we find evidences of a bimodal distribution of bulge formation redshifts. We find that 33% of them present old mass-weighted ages, implying a median formation redshift z_(form) = 6.2^(+1.5)_(−1.7). They are relics of the early Universe embedded in disk galaxies. A second wave, dominant in number, accounts for bulges formed at median redshift z_(form) = 1.3^(+0.6)_(−0.6). The oldest (1st-wave) bulges are more compact than the youngest. Virtually all pure spheroids (i.e., those without any disk) are coetaneous with the 2nd-wave bulges, presenting a median redshift of formation z_(form) = 1.1^(+0.3)_(−0.3). The two waves of bulge formation are not only distinguishable in terms of stellar ages, but also in star formation mode. All 1st-wave bulges formed fast at z ∼ 6, with typical timescales around 200 Myr. A significant fraction of the 2nd-wave bulges assembled more slowly, with star formation timescales as long as 1 Gyr. The results of this work suggest that the centers of massive disk-like galaxies actually harbor the oldest spheroids formed in the Universe

Epigenetic clocks in relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the association between several epigenetic clocks, covering different aspects of aging, with schizophrenia relapse evaluated over a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of ninety-one first-episode schizophrenia patients. Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled and four epigenetic clocks, including epigenetic clocks of chronological age, mortality and telomere length were calculated. Patients that relapsed during the follow-up showed epigenetic acceleration of the telomere length clock (p = 0.030). Shorter telomere length was associated with cognitive performance (working memory, r = 0.31 p = 0.015; verbal fluency, r = 0.28 p = 0.028), but no direct effect of cognitive function or symptom severity on relapse was detected. The results of the present study suggest that epigenetic age acceleration could be involved in the clinical course of schizophrenia and could be a useful marker of relapse when measured in remission stages

Manual de simulación clínica en especialidades médicas

Manual sobre técnicas y modos de simulación clínica en diversas especialidades médicas.La enseñanza y formación en medicina necesita el uso de la simulación. Existen evidencias de su uso desde hace cientos de años, pero, en los últimos años se ha incrementado y diseminado. La simulación clínica está validada científicamente en múltiples contextos médicos y de otras áreas profesionales de la salud. Y es considerada de gran importancia como proceso de entrenamiento y de mejora de las competencias y adquisición de habilidades médicas en campos que incluye desde la historia clínica, comunicación con el paciente, exploración, diagnóstico terapéutica médica-farmacológica y quirúrgica y seguridad al tratar al paciente. Hoy en día, para muchas técnicas y situaciones clínicas es inaceptable llegar junto a los pacientes sin un dominio adquirido en simulación. La simulación puede ocurrir sin el uso de recursos adicionales, solo las personas, o utilizando pocos o muchos recursos de baja hasta alta tecnología y se puede adaptar a los recursos disponibles, abarcando todas las áreas de conocimiento, y dentro de ellas competencias técnicas o actitudes, solas o en conjunto. El uso racional y basado en evidencia de la simulación es de la mayor importancia por la necesidad de una mayor efectividad y eficiencia en la transformación de los profesionales de la salud para que puedan mejorar su capacidad de atender a los pacientes. La simulación es también una buena herramienta de evaluación de competencias y habilidades en Medicina y otras disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Salud Este manual incluye técnicas y modos de simulación clínica en diversas especialidades médicas, útiles, para quien busque un manual práctico y actualizado.Cátedra de Mecenazgo de la Universidad de Málaga. Cátedra de Terapias Avanzadas en Patología Cardiovascular Cátedra de Mecenazgo de la Universidad de Málaga. Cátedra de Investigación Biomédica Quirón Salu