Efecto de las fuentes de polen sobre el rendimiento en la extracción de aceite y perfil de ácidos grasos de las semillas de dátil (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool de México

The present investigation aimed to assess the effect of pollen sources on the mass, dimension, oil content and fatty acid profile of the seeds from female palms of the Medjool date cultivar. The palms were pollinated with Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool and Zahidi cultivars. In addition, three palms were pollinated as the treatment control. The fatty acids were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The surface morphology of date seed powder was examined using SEM, before and after n-hexane interaction. The seeds of the Medjool treatment had the greatest mass (1.42 g), but the lowest oil content (5.37% w/w); the control seeds showed smaller mass (1.21 g), but higher oil content (13.57% w/w). The proportion of fatty acids varied significantly among the treatments with respect to the control. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (C18:1), lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), linoleic (C18:2), and stearic (C18:0). Together these fatty acids presented a composition between 98.3 and 98.67% for treatments, and 99.0% for the control. The results indicate that the pollen sources from Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool and Zahidi cultivars had a significant effect on mass, dimension, oil content and fatty acid profile of the seeds of the date cultivar Medjool. The date seed oil could be used as edible oil, in food products, and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de las fuentes de polen, sobre la masa, dimensión, contenido de aceite y el perfil de ácidos grasos de las semillas de dátil del cultivar Medjool. Las palmas hembras del cultivar Medjool fueron polinizadas con cultivares Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool y Zahidi. Además, tres palmas fueron polinizadas como tratamiento control. Los ácidos grasos se evaluaron por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas. La morfología de la superficie del polvo de semillas de dátil se examinó utilizando un equipo SEM, antes y después de la interacción n-hexano. Las semillas del tratamiento Medjool resultaron con mayor masa (1,42 g), pero menor contenido de aceite (5,37% p/p); la semilla control, mostró una masa más pequeña (1,21 g), pero un mayor contenido de aceite (13,57% p/p). La composición de ácidos grasos varió significativamente entre los tratamientos con respecto al control. Los ácidos grasos mayoritarios fueron: oleico (C18:1), láurico (C12:0), mirístico (C14:0), palmítico (C16:0), linoleico (C18:2) and esteárico (C18:0). En total, estos ácidos grasos alcanzan una composición entre 98.3 y 98.67% para los tratamientos, y 99.0% para el control. Los resultados indican que la fuente de polen de los cultivares Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool y Zahidi tiene un efecto significativo sobre la masa, dimensión, contenido de aceite y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la semilla del cultivar de dátil Medjool. El aceite de la semilla de dátil, podría usarse como aceite comestible, productos alimenticios, aplicaciones farmacéuticas y cosméticas

Discovery of a new Y dwarf: WISE J030449.03-270508.3

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record [D. J. Pinfield, et al, Discovery of a new Y dwarf: WISE J030449.03−270508.3, MNRAS, Vol. 444 (2): 1931-1939, September 2014] is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1540.We present a new Y dwarf, WISE J030449.03−270508.3, confirmed from a candidate sample designed to pick out low-temperature objects from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data base. The new object is typed Y0pec following a visual comparison with spectral standards, and lies at a likely distance of 10–17 pc. Its tangential velocity suggests thin disc membership, but it shows some spectral characteristics that suggest that it may be metal poor and/or older than previously identified Y0 dwarfs. Based on trends seen for warmer late-type T dwarfs, the Y-band flux peak morphology is indicative of sub-solar metallicity, and the enhanced red wing of the J-band flux peak offers evidence for high gravity and/or low metallicity (with associated model trends suggesting an age closer to ∼10 Gyr and mass in the range 0.02–0.03 Mȯ). This object may thus be extending the population parameter space of the known Y0 dwarfs.Peer reviewe

A deep WISE search for very late type objects and the discovery of two halo/thick-disc T dwarfs : WISE 0013+0634 and WISE 0833+0052

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2013 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reservedA method is defined for identifying late-T and Y dwarfs in WISE down to low values of signal-to-noise. This requires a WISE detection only in the W2-band and uses the statistical properties of the WISE multiframe measurements and profile fit photometry to reject contamination resulting from non-point-like objects, variables and moving sources. To trace our desired parameter space, we use a control sample of isolated non-moving non-variable point sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and identify a sample of 158 WISE W2-only candidates down to a signal-to-noise limit of eight. For signal-to-noise ranges >10 and 8-10, respectively, similar to 45 and similar to 90 per cent of our sample fall outside the selection criteria published by the WISE team, mainly due to the type of constraints placed on the number of individual W2 detections. We present follow-up of eight candidates and identify WISE 0013+0634 and WISE 0833+0052, T8 and T9 dwarfs with high proper motion (similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.8 arcsec yr(-1)). Both objects show a mid-infrared/near-infrared excess of similar to 1-1.5 mag and are K band suppressed. Distance estimates lead to space motion constraints that suggest halo (or at least thick disc) kinematics. We then assess the reduced proper motion diagram of WISE ultracool dwarfs, which suggests that late-T and Y dwarfs may have a higher thick-disc/halo population fraction than earlier objects.Peer reviewe

Nitrosothiols in the immune system: Signaling and protection

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 18.3 (2013): 288-308Significance: In the immune system, nitric oxide (NO) has been mainly associated with antibacterial defenses exerted through oxidative, nitrosative, and nitrative stress and signal transduction through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. However, S-nitrosylation is emerging as a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in NO-mediated cell signaling. Recent Advances: Precise roles for S-nitrosylation in signaling pathways have been described both for innate and adaptive immunity. Denitrosylation may protect macrophages from their own S-nitrosylation, while maintaining nitrosative stress compartmentalized in the phagosomes. Nitrosothiols have also been shown to be beneficial in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through their role in modulating T-cell differentiation and function. Critical Issues: Relationship between S-nitrosylation, other thiol redox PTMs, and other NO-signaling pathways has not been always taken into account, particularly in the context of immune responses. Methods for assaying S-nitrosylation in individual proteins and proteomic approaches to study the S-nitrosoproteome are constantly being improved, which helps to move this field forward. Future Directions: Integrated studies of signaling pathways in the immune system should consider whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation processes are among the PTMs influencing the activity of key signaling and adaptor proteins. Studies in pathophysiological scenarios will also be of interest to put these mechanisms into broader contexts. Interventions modulating nitrosothiol levels in autoimmune disease could be investigated with a view to developing new therapiesFinanced by the Spanish Government grants CSD2007-00020 (RosasNet, Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme), CP07/00143 (Miguel Servet programme), and PS09/00101; and PI10/0213

Pressure-induced amorphization of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes

This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025701A structural transformation from the zircon-type structure to an amorphous phase has been found in YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes at high pressures above 12.7 GPa by means of x-ray diffraction measurements. However, the pair distribution function of the high-pressure phase shows that the local structure of the amorphous phase is similar to the scheelite-type YVO4. These results are confirmed both by Raman spectroscopy and Eu3+ photoluminescence which detect the phase transition to a scheelite-type structure at 10.1 and 9.1 GPa, respectively. The irreversibility of the phase transition is observed with the three techniques after a maximum pressure in the upstroke of around 20 GPa. The existence of two D-5(0)-> F-7(0) photoluminescence peaks confirms the existence of two local environments for Eu3+, at least for the low-pressure phase. One environment is the expected for substituting Y3+ and the other is likely a disordered environment possibly found at the surface of the nanoboxes.This work has been performed under financial support from Spanish MINECO under the National Program of Materials (MAT2013-46649-C4-1/2/3/4-P) and the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (MALTA CSD2007-00045). Funding by the Fundacion Caja Canarias (ENER-01) and the EU-FEDER funds is also acknowledged. JR-F thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship and NS thanks the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support (Project RA2585/1-1). We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on beamline I15 under proposals EE3652 and EE6517. Parts of this research were carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY (Hamburg), a member of the Helmholtz Association (HFG). We would like to thank H-P Liermann and W Morgenroth for assistance in using beamline P02.2.Ruiz Fuertes, J.; Gomis, O.; León Luis, SF.; Schrodt, N.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Ray, S.; Santamaría Pérez, D.... (2016). Pressure-induced amorphization of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes. Nanotechnology. 27(2):025701-1-025701-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025701S025701-1025701-8272Piot, L., Le Floch, S., Cornier, T., Daniele, S., & Machon, D. (2013). Amorphization in Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(21), 11133-11140. doi:10.1021/jp401121cZhang, F. X., Wang, J. W., Lang, M., Zhang, J. M., Ewing, R. C., & Boatner, L. A. (2009). High-pressure phase transitions ofScPO4andYPO4. Physical Review B, 80(18). doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.184114Lacomba-Perales, R., Errandonea, D., Meng, Y., & Bettinelli, M. (2010). High-pressure stability and compressibility ofAPO4(A=La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er, and Y) orthophosphates: An x-ray diffraction study using synchrotron radiation. Physical Review B, 81(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.064113Yuan, H., Wang, K., Li, S., Tan, X., Li, Q., Yan, T., … Zou., B. (2012). Direct Zircon-to-Scheelite Structural Transformation in YPO4 and YPO4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles Under High Pressure. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(46), 24837-24844. doi:10.1021/jp3088995Mishra, A. K., Garg, N., Pandey, K. K., Shanavas, K. V., Tyagi, A. K., & Sharma, S. M. (2010). Zircon-monoclinic-scheelite transformation in nanocrystalline chromates. Physical Review B, 81(10). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.104109Wang, L., Yang, W., Ding, Y., Ren, Y., Xiao, S., Liu, B., … Mao, H. (2010). Size-Dependent Amorphization of NanoscaleY2O3at High Pressure. Physical Review Letters, 105(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.095701Mukherjee, S., Kim, K., & Nair, S. (2007). Short, Highly Ordered, Single-Walled Mixed-Oxide Nanotubes Assemble from Amorphous Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(21), 6820-6826. doi:10.1021/ja070124cŞopu, D., Albe, K., Ritter, Y., & Gleiter, H. (2009). From nanoglasses to bulk massive glasses. Applied Physics Letters, 94(19), 191911. doi:10.1063/1.3130209Ozawa, L., & Itoh, M. (2003). Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors. Chemical Reviews, 103(10), 3835-3856. doi:10.1021/cr0203490Zhu, Y., Xu, W., Zhang, H., Wang, W., Tong, L., Xu, S., … Song, H. (2012). Highly modified spontaneous emissions in YVO4:Eu3+ inverse opal and refractive index sensing application. Applied Physics Letters, 100(8), 081104. doi:10.1063/1.3688167Khan, A. F., Haranath, D., Yadav, R., Singh, S., Chawla, S., & Dutta, V. (2008). Controlled surface distribution and luminescence of YVO4:Eu3+ nanophosphor layers. Applied Physics Letters, 93(7), 073103. doi:10.1063/1.2973163Cho, Y.-S., & Huh, Y.-D. (2011). Preparation of Transparent Red-Emitting YVO4:Eu Nanophosphor Suspensions. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 32(1), 335-337. doi:10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.1.335Jayaraman, A., Kourouklis, G. A., Espinosa, G. P., Cooper, A. S., & Van Uitert, L. G. (1987). A high-pressure Raman study of yttrium vanadate (YVO4) and the pressure-induced transition from the zircon-type to the scheelite-type structure. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 48(8), 755-759. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(87)90072-2Wang, X., Loa, I., Syassen, K., Hanfland, M., & Ferrand, B. (2004). Structural properties of the zircon- and scheelite-type phases ofYVO4at high pressure. Physical Review B, 70(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.70.064109Manjón, F. J., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Muñoz, A., Romero, A. H., Errandonea, D., & Syassen, K. (2010). Lattice dynamics ofYVO4at high pressures. Physical Review B, 81(7). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.075202Boehler, R. (2006). New diamond cell for single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Review of Scientific Instruments, 77(11), 115103. doi:10.1063/1.2372734Mao, H. K., Xu, J., & Bell, P. M. (1986). Calibration of the ruby pressure gauge to 800 kbar under quasi-hydrostatic conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91(B5), 4673. doi:10.1029/jb091ib05p04673Hammersley, A. P., Svensson, S. O., Hanfland, M., Fitch, A. N., & Hausermann, D. (1996). Two-dimensional detector software: From real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan. High Pressure Research, 14(4-6), 235-248. doi:10.1080/08957959608201408Holland, T. J. B., & Redfern, S. A. T. (1997). Unit cell refinement from powder diffraction data: the use of regression diagnostics. Mineralogical Magazine, 61(404), 65-77. doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.404.07Kraus, W., & Nolze, G. (1996). POWDER CELL – a program for the representation and manipulation of crystal structures and calculation of the resulting X-ray powder patterns. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 29(3), 301-303. doi:10.1107/s0021889895014920Toby, B. H. (2001). EXPGUI, a graphical user interface forGSAS. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 34(2), 210-213. doi:10.1107/s0021889801002242Qiu, X., Thompson, J. W., & Billinge, S. J. L. (2004). PDFgetX2: a GUI-driven program to obtain the pair distribution function from X-ray powder diffraction data. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 37(4), 678-678. doi:10.1107/s0021889804011744Chupas, P. J., Qiu, X., Hanson, J. C., Lee, P. L., Grey, C. P., & Billinge, S. J. L. (2003). Rapid-acquisition pair distribution function (RA-PDF) analysis. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 36(6), 1342-1347. doi:10.1107/s0021889803017564Farrow, C. L., Juhas, P., Liu, J. W., Bryndin, D., Božin, E. S., Bloch, J., … Billinge, S. J. L. (2007). PDFfit2 and PDFgui: computer programs for studying nanostructure in crystals. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 19(33), 335219. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/19/33/335219Trenque, I., Mornet, S., Duguet, E., & Gaudon, M. (2013). New Insights into Crystallite Size and Cell Parameters Correlation for ZnO Nanoparticles Obtained from Polyol-Mediated Synthesis. Inorganic Chemistry, 52(21), 12811-12817. doi:10.1021/ic402152fLangford, J. I., & Wilson, A. J. C. (1978). Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 11(2), 102-113. doi:10.1107/s0021889878012844Klotz, S., Chervin, J.-C., Munsch, P., & Le Marchand, G. (2009). Hydrostatic limits of 11 pressure transmitting media. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42(7), 075413. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/7/075413Jeong, I.-K., Proffen, T., Mohiuddin-Jacobs, F., & Billinge, S. J. L. (1999). Measuring Correlated Atomic Motion Using X-ray Diffraction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 103(7), 921-924. doi:10.1021/jp9836978Frogley, M. D., Sly, J. L., & Dunstan, D. J. (1998). Pressure dependence of the direct band gap in tetrahedral semiconductors. Physical Review B, 58(19), 12579-12582. doi:10.1103/physrevb.58.12579Birch, F. (1978). Finite strain isotherm and velocities for single-crystal and polycrystalline NaCl at high pressures and 300°K. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83(B3), 1257. doi:10.1029/jb083ib03p01257Popescu, C., Sans, J. A., Errandonea, D., Segura, A., Villanueva, R., & Sapiña, F. (2014). Compressibility and Structural Stability of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Anatase Synthesized from Freeze-Dried Precursors. Inorganic Chemistry, 53(21), 11598-11603. doi:10.1021/ic501571uChen, G., Stump, N. A., Haire, R. G., Peterson, J. R., & Abraham, M. M. (1992). Pressure-induced phase transition in YVO4:Eu3+: A luminescence study at high pressure. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 53(10), 1253-1257. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(92)90241-5Rivera-López, F., Martín, I. R., Da Silva, I., González-Silgo, C., Rodríguez-Mendoza, U. R., Lavín, V., … Fernández-Urban, J. (2006). 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Educational and labor wastage of doctors in Mexico: towards the construction of a common methodology

BACKGROUND: This paper addresses the problem of wastage of the qualified labor force, which takes place both during the education process and when trained personnel try to find jobs in the local market. METHODS: Secondary sources were used, mainly the Statistical yearbooks of the National Association of Universities and Higher Education Institutions (ANUIES in Spanish). Also, the 2000 Population Census was used to estimate the different sources of labor market wastage. The formulas were modified to estimate educational and labor wastage rates. RESULTS: Out of every 1000 students who started a medical training in 1996, over 20% were not able to finish the training by 2000. Furthermore, out of every 1000 graduates, 31% were not able to find a remunerated position in the labor market that would enable them to put into practice the abilities and capacities obtained at school. Important differences can be observed between generalists and specialists, as well as between men and women. In the case of specialists and men, lower wastage rates can be observed as compared to the wastage rates of generalists and women. A large percentage of women dedicate themselves exclusively to household duties, which in labor terms represents a wastage of their capacity to participate in the production of formal health services. CONCLUSION: Women are becoming a majority in most medical schools, yet their participation in the labor market does not reflect the same trend. Among men, policies should be formulated to incorporate doctors in the specific health field for which they were trained. Regarding women, specific policies should target those who are dedicated full-time to household activities in order to create the possibility of having them occupy a remunerated job if they are willing to do so. Reducing wastage at both the educational and labor levels should improve the capacity of social investment, thereby increasing the capacity of the health system as a whole to provide services, particularly to those populations who are most in need

Vulnerability Index: A New Approach for Preventive Conservation of Monuments

A new approach is developed for vulnerability analysis of monuments based on a matrix model and the relationships with static and structural factors, climatic conditions, air quality, urban planning and social agents for preventive conservation of cultural heritage in urban centers. The objective is to provide tools for decision-makers in the current recession to allow them to prioritize strategies for cultural heritage preservation in a town, where territorial policies are applied and regions where restoration budget is distributed. This new tool allow to classify monuments in order to prioritize restoration and is a useful tool in deeper analysis associated to risks assessment. The degradation of building materials and structures is mainly due to deterioration caused by structural instability, weathering, pollution and anthropogenic damage. The vulnerability approach of each monument (vulnerability indexes) were calculated, based on a Leopold matrix that depends on intrinsic variables and the life of the monuments. For the very first time, the influence of different deterioration agents has been balanced with a Delphi forecast based on architects¿ opinions. The result is a new pre-Artificial Intelligence tool that enables users to reproduce human reasoning to study relations between vulnerability factors, risk factors and the historical parameters of the monuments.Universidad Pablo de OlavidePostprin

BVRI Light Curves for 29 Type Ia Supernovae

BVRI light curves are presented for 27 Type Ia supernovae discovered during the course of the Calan/Tololo Survey and for two other SNe Ia observed during the same period. Estimates of the maximum light magnitudes in the B, V, and I bands and the initial decline rate parameter m15(B) are also given.Comment: 17 pages, figures and tables are not included (contact first author if needed), to appear in the Astronomical Journa

Studies on the virome of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana reveal novel dsRNA elements and mild hypervirulence.

© 2017 Kotta-Loizou, Coutts. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA (2017) 'Studies on the Virome of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Reveal Novel dsRNA Elements and Mild Hypervirulence', PLoS Pathogens, 13(1): e1006183. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006183The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has a wide host range and is used as a biocontrol agent against arthropod pests. Mycoviruses have been described in phytopathogenic fungi while in entomopathogenic fungi their presence has been reported only rarely. Here we show that 21.3% of a collection of B. bassiana isolates sourced from worldwide locations, harbor dsRNA elements. Molecular characterization of these elements revealed the prevalence of mycoviruses belonging to the Partitiviridae and Totiviridae families, the smallest reported virus to date, belonging to the family Narnaviridae, and viruses unassigned to a family or genus. Of particular importance is the discovery of members of a newly proposed family Polymycoviridae in B. bassiana. Polymycoviruses, previously designated as tetramycoviruses, consist of four non-conventionally encapsidated capped dsRNAs. The presence of additional non-homologous genomic segments in B. bassiana polymycoviruses and other fungi illustrates the unprecedented dynamic nature of the viral genome. Finally, a comparison of virus-free and virus-infected isogenic lines derived from an exemplar B. bassiana isolate revealed a mild hypervirulent effect of mycoviruses on the growth of their host isolate and on its pathogenicity against the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, highlighting for the first time the potential of mycoviruses as enhancers of biocontrol agents.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio