Micropropagación de Phragmipedium kovachii, con fines de conservación genética

We stablished a micropropagation protocol of Phragmipedium kovachii, for preservation, germination and the effect of auxins and cytokinins were evaluated during the multiplication phases of protoorms and rooting of seedlings of Phragmipedium kovachii. The research was conducted in the Plant Tissue Cultivation Laboratory (LCTV) of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the National University of San Martín - Tarapoto. The seed of Phragmipedium kovachii, was from the Alto Mayo area, the percentage of seed germination was evaluated (Galvez, 2005), with pH modified to 7. For multiplication and rooting tests, a Design was used Completely Random (DCA), with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins with 4 treatments, 5 repetitions and 5 protoorms (multiplication phase), and 4 treatments with 5 repetitions and 10 seedlings (phase rooting). The results showed a germination percentage of 60,48%, in addition; in the multiplication phase, in the first days the color in the protoorms was green (V) in all the treatments, but it was changing according to the time, until the brown coloration (phenolized) (F) became dominant. According to the Tukey Test (P <0,01), in the indicators number of leaves per proto-form, growth rate and length of proto-form, T3 was the most significant. In the rooting phase, the Tukey test (P <0,01), in the indicators seedling height (cm), number of roots/seedling and length of roots/seedling, it was obtained that the treatments do not differ from each other statistically. Concluding that, the protocol used is appropriate to propagate seedlings of Phragmipedium kovachii under in vitro conditions.Se estableció un protocolo de micro propagación de Phragmipedium kovachii, con fines de conservación, se evaluó la germinación y el efecto de auxinas y citoquininas durante las fases de multiplicación de protocormos y enraizamiento de plántulas de Phragmipedium kovachii. La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias en la Universidad Nacional de San Martín. La semilla de Phragmipedium kovachii, procedió de la zona del Alto Mayo, se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación según (Gálvez, 2005), con pH modificado a 7. Para la multiplicación y enraizamiento, se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), con diferentes concentraciones de auxinas y citoquininas con 4 tratamientos, 5 repeticiones y 5 protocormos (fase de multiplicación), y 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones y 10 plántulas (fase de enraizamiento). Los resultados mostraron una germinación de 60,48% y en la fase de multiplicación, en los primeros días, los protocormos mostraron un color Verde (V) en todos los tratamientos, pero fue cambiando con el tiempo, al color marrón (fenolizada) (F). Según la Prueba de Tukey (P<0,01), en los indicadores número de hojas por protocormo, tasa de crecimiento y longitud de protocormo, el T3 fue el más significativo. En la fase de enraizamiento, la prueba de Tukey (P<0,01), para altura de plántulas (cm), número de raíces/plántula y longitud de raíces/plántula, se observó que los tratamientos estadísticamente no difieren entre sí. Concluyendo que, el protocolo utilizado es apropiado para propagar plántulas de Phragmipedium kovachii en condiciones in vitro.

Respuesta de la embriogénesis somática directa en tres regiones foliares de Phalaenopsis amabilis

Fue explorado el efecto de ácido naftalenacético (ANA) y 1-fenil-3-(1,2,3-tiadiazol-5-il)urea (TDZ) en segmentos de hojas inmaduras de Phalaenopsis amabilis. Para este experimento, se emplearon tres regiones foliares de 12x1.7mm (basal, medial y apical) sobre diferentes concentraciones de ANA (0.00; 0.53 y 5.37 µM) y TDZ (0,00; 0,45; 4,50 y 13,60 µM), acompañado de sales minerales Murashige &amp; Skoog (1962) y suplementado con 10,0 mg/L Myo-inositol, 0,5 mg/L Pyridoxine, 0,1 mg/L Thiamine, 2,0 mg/L Glycine, 170,0 mg/L NaH2PO4, 2,0 g/L Peptona, 20,0 g/L de Sacarosa y 3,75 g/L de Agar, ajustado a un pH 5,2. Segmentos foliares fueron incubados en oscuridad sobre diferentes concentraciones y combinaciones hormonales por un lapso de 30-45 días y luego sometidos a luz. El porcentaje de inducción de callos evaluados en los tratamientos en estudio demuestra que a los 30 días de inducción existe un 100% de reactividad callogénica. La aparición de estadios globulares pro-embrionarios en segmentos de hoja de Phalaenopsis amabilis, fue posible en los tratamientos T1, T2, T5 y T6. De forma interesante la mayor formación de estructuras somáticas pro-embrionarias estuvieron presentes en la región basal, sin la necesidad de la adición independiente o combinatoria de ANA o TDZ. Sin embargo, la mayor cantidad de plantas regeneradas tan solo fue posible en estructuras pro-embrionarias de la región basal, conteniendo 0,53 µM de ANA.</p

Propagação in vitro de sacha inchi por meio da organogênese

The objective of this work was to evaluate hormonal balance in the phases of the in vitro organogenesis of apical meristems of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). For the establishment and multiplication phases, Murashige & Skoog (MS) media, with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), were used. For rooting, modified MS media was supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and indolebutyric acid. The differentiation of apical meristems was possible with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 0.05 mg L-1 NAA. The best rooting of seedlings is obtained with 0.5 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.0 mg L-1 indolebutyric acid.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o balanço hormonal em fases da organogênese in vitro de ápices meristemáticos de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). Para as fases de estabelecimento e multiplicação, foi utilizado o meio de cultivo Murashige & Skoog (MS) com diferentes concentrações de benzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido naftalenoacético (ANA). Para o enraizamento, o meio MS modificado foi suplementado com diferentes concentrações de ANA e ácido indolbutírico. A diferenciação dos ápices meristemáticos foi possível com a adição de 0,1 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,05 mg L-1 de ANA. O melhor desempenho do enraizamento de plântulas é obtido com a adição de 0,5 mg L-1 de ácido naftalenoacético e 2,0 mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico

Una experiencia para fomentar la presencia de la Mujer en Informática a través del 11 de Febrero: Aprendiendo igualdad en la ciencia

La baja presencia de mujeres en carreras de ingeniería en general, y en informática en particular, ha sido reconocida por diferentes estudios internacionales. Esto está ocasionando un sesgo tanto en la industria como en la universidad hacia una visión única de la Informática, perdiendo la riqueza que ofrece siempre la diversidad. Así, nuestro centro, en el contexto de la iniciativa del 11 de Febrero Día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia, ha propuesto durante los últimos dos cursos una serie de actividades dirigidas a estudiantes de Secundaria con el fin de hacer visibles a las mujeres en el ámbito de la Ciencia, en general, y en el de la Informática, en particular. Con ello se pretende crear roles femeninos, fuera de estereotipos, y promover prácticas que favorezcan la igualdad de género. Los objetivos últimos son animar a las nuevas generaciones de alumnas a estudiar Ingeniería Informática a fin de romper la brecha de género, y desterrar falsos estereotipos entre los estudiantes sobre las capacidades o competencias de la mujer.The small number of women in engineering studies in general, and in computer science in particular, has been recognized by different international studies. This is causing a bias in both the industry and the university towards a single vision of computing, losing the wealth that diversity always offers. Thus, our Engineering School, in the context of the initiative 11 February, International Day of Women and Girls in Science, has proposed, during the last two academic courses, different activities aimed at high school students to highlight the role of women in the field of Science, in general, and Computer Science, in particular. The main aim is to foster female roles, outside all the stereotypes, and promote practices that favour gender equality. The ultimate goals are to encourage new generations of female students to study Computer Science in order to break the gender gap, and banish false stereotypes among students about the skills or competencies of women

Aplicación de heteropoliácidos de estructura Preyssler en síntesis de bajo impacto ambiental de heterociclos nitrogenados potencialmente activos

En el presente trabajo se utilizó un heteropoliácido de estructura tipo Preyssler (H14NaP5W30O118), másico e incluido en matriz de sílice obtenida por sol-gel, como catalizador en la síntesis de bajo impacto ambiental de heterociclos nitrogenados correspondientes a las familias de: azlactonas, 1,4-dihidropiridinas, hexahidropiridinas fluoradas, 1,5-benzodiazepinas y quinoxalinas. En todos los casos se obtienen excelentes rendimientos, siendo el catalizador considerado de fácil recuperación, conservando su actividad catalítica luego de tres ciclos consecutivos.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias AplicadasCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Vegeta

Machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) approach to predict early progression to first-line treatment in real-world hormone receptor-positive (HRþ)/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients.

Este artículo ha sido publicado en la revista European Journal of Cancer. Esta versión tiene Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-NDBackground: CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapies are the current standard of care in the first-line treatment of HRþ/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but there are no well-established clinical or molecular predictive factors for patient response. In the era of personalised oncology, new approaches for developing predictive models of response are needed. Materials and methods: Data derived from the electronic health records (EHRs) of real-world patients with HRþ/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer were used to develop predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment. Two machine learning approaches were used: a classic approach using a data set of manually extracted features from reviewed (EHR) patients, and a second approach using natural language processing (NLP) of freetext clinical notes recorded during medical visits. Results: Of the 610 patients included, there were 473 (77.5%) progressions to first-line treatment, of which 126 (20.6%) occurred within the first 6 months. There were 152 patients (24.9%) who showed no disease progression before 28 months from the onset of first-line treatment. The best predictive model for early progression using the manually extracted dataset achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.734 (95% CI 0.687e0.782). Using the NLP free-text processing approach, the best model obtained an AUC of 0.758 (95% CI 0.714 e0.800). The best model to predict long responders using manually extracted data obtained an AUC of 0.669 (95% CI 0.608e0.730). With NLP free-text processing, the best model attained an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI 0.705e0.799). Conclusions: Using machine learning methods, we developed predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment of HRþ/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, also finding that NLP-based machine learning models are slightly better than predictive models based on manually obtained data

Automatic Discrimination of Species within the Enterobacter cloacae Complex Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Supervised Algorithms

The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) encompasses heterogeneous clusters of species that have been associated with nosocomial outbreaks. These species may have different acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms, and their identification is challenging. This study aims to develop predictive models based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiles and machine learning for species-level identification. A total of 219 ECC and 118 Klebsiella aerogenes clinical isolates from three hospitals were included. The capability of the proposed method to differentiate the most common ECC species (Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter roggenkampii, Enterobacter ludwigii, and Enterobacter bugandensis) and K. aerogenes was demonstrated by applying unsupervised hierarchical clustering with principal-component analysis (PCA) preprocessing. We observed a distinctive clustering of E. hormaechei and K. aerogenes and a clear trend for the rest of the ECC species to be differentiated over the development data set. Thus, we developed supervised, nonlinear predictive models (support vector machine with radial basis function and random forest). The external validation of these models with protein spectra from two participating hospitals yielded 100% correct species-level assignment for E. asburiae, E. kobei, and E. roggenkampii and between 91.2% and 98.0% for the remaining ECC species; with data analyzed in the three participating centers, the accuracy was close to 100%. Similar results were obtained with the Mass Spectrometric Identification (MSI) database developed recently (https://msi.happy-dev.fr) except in the case of E. hormaechei, which was more accurately identified with the random forest algorithm. In short, MALDI-TOF MS combined with machine learning was demonstrated to be a rapid and accurate method for the differentiation of ECC species

Differences in the clinical and hormonal presentation of patients with familial and sporadic primary aldosteronism

Purpose: To compare the clinical and hormonal characteristics of patients with familial hyperaldosteronism (FH) and sporadic primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed for the identification of FH patients. The SPAIN-ALDO registry cohort of patients with no suspicion of FH was chosen as the comparator group (sporadic group). Results: A total of 360 FH (246 FH type I, 73 type II, 29 type III, and 12 type IV) cases and 830 sporadic PA patients were included. Patients with FH-I were younger than sporadic cases, and women were more commonly affected (P = 0.003). In addition, the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was lower, plasma renin activity (PRA) higher, and hypokalemia (P < 0.001) less frequent than in sporadic cases. Except for a younger age (P < 0.001) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.006), the clinical and hormonal profiles of FH-II and sporadic cases were similar. FH-III had a distinct phenotype, with higher PAC and higher frequency of hypokalemia (P < 0.001), and presented 45 years before sporadic cases. Nevertheless, the clinical and hormonal phenotypes of FH-IV and sporadic cases were similar, with the former being younger and having lower serum potassium levels. Conclusion: In addition to being younger and having a family history of PA, FH-I and III share other typical characteristics. In this regard, FH-I is characterized by a low prevalence of hypokalemia and FH-III by a severe aldosterone excess causing hypokalemia in more than 85% of patients. The clinical and hormonal phenotype of type II and IV is similar to the sporadic case

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Anexo II. Fichas de los ítems

El presente documento contiene uno de los anexos a la publicación impresa titulada "Recuperando la ciudad. Estrategia para el diseño y la evaluación de planes y programas de regeneración urbana integrada" —ISBN: 978-84-9728-5585-1— libro que es uno de los resultados obtenidos del proyecto financiado por el Plan Nacional I+D+i para el periodo 2013-2015, titulado "Estrategia para el diseño y evaluación de planes y programas de regeneración urbana integrada. La intervención en las periferias españolas a través de las áreas de rehabilitación integral y el programa URBAN" (BIA2012-31905). Dicho proyecto se ha realizado en el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, mediante la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, a través del Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011 (Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental no Orientada). En este segundo anexo se realiza una caracterización y descripción de cada uno de los ítems que forman parte cada una de las categorías pertenecientes a las cuatro áreas principales, facilitando así el uso de la herramienta en los casos en los que se requiera de un mayor nivel de detalle