Composição e Diversidade de Imaturos de Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) no Ribeirão dos Peixes, Dois Córregos, SP

This study it had as objective to analyze, qualitatively and quantitatively, the community of immature of Chironomidae present at Peixes’s River, Dois Córregos, SP, correlating it with the ambient conditions of the sampling points, determining its composition and diversity. In April of 2003, the collections had been carried through in four points and the sediment was showed with the aid of one drags of Ekman-Birge. The results had shown that the genders of Chironomidae, with bigger abundance, at Peixes’s River, (except Chironomus), are associates the arenaceous substrata, what in this in case that, could be related, with the silting process, caused for the deforestation present in almost all the extension of the river.Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar, qualitativamente e quantitativamente, a comunidade de imaturos de Chironomidae presente no Ribeirão dos Peixes, Dois Córregos, SP, correlacionando-a com as condições ambientais dos pontos de amostragem, determinando sua composição e diversidade. Em abril de 2003, as coletas foram realizadas em quatro pontos e o sedimento foi amostrado com o auxílio de uma draga de Ekman-Birge. Os resultados mostraram que os gêneros de Chironomidae, com maiores abundâncias, no Ribeirão dos Peixes, (exceto Chironomus), são comumente associados a substratos arenosos, o que neste caso, poderia ser relacionado, com o processo de assoreamento, causado pelo desmatamento presente em quase toda a extensão do ribeirão

Bioindicators of water quality: subsidies for an environmental education project in the city botanic garden in Bauru - SP.

Aquatic macroinvertebrates can be used as biological indicators for numerous reasons: it is easily collected and handled, it is visible to the naked eye and their characteristics can be easily recognized by students. The aim of the study was to discuss with the students and teachers who visit the Botanic Garden in Bauru information about the use of biological indicators of water quality. This paper describes the implementation, characteristics and activities developed within the extension project: “Bioindicators of water quality: subsidies for an environmental education project”. The results indicated there was a satisfactory exploitation of the students who participated of the activities proposed

Bioindicadores da qualidade da água: subsídios para um projeto de educação ambiental no jardim botânico municipal de Bauru, SP

Aquatic macroinvertebrates can be used as biological indicators for numerous reasons: it is easily collected and handled, it is visible to the naked eye and their characteristics can be easily recognized by students. The aim of the study was to discuss with the students and teachers who visit the Botanic Garden in Bauru information about the use of biological indicators of water quality. This paper describes the implementation, characteristics and activities developed within the extension project: “Bioindicators of water quality: subsidies for an environmental education project”. The results indicated there was a satisfactory exploitation of the students who participated of the activities proposed.La comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos puede ser utilizada como indicador biológico por incontables razones: por la facilidad de colecta y manoseo, por su visibilidad y porqué, sus características son reconocidas fácilmente por los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio es discutir, con alumnos y profesores que visitan el Jardín Botánico Municipal de Bauru, informaciones sobre el uso de los indicadores biológicos de la calidad del agua. Este artículo describe la implementación, las características y las actividades desarrolladas dentro del Proyecto de Extensión “Bioindicadores de la calidad del agua: subsidios para un proyecto de Educación Ambiental”. Los resultados indican que los alumnos sacaron provecho de las actividades.A comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos pode ser usada como indicador biológico por inúmeras razões: é facilmente coletada e manuseada, é visível a olho nu e suas características podem ser facilmente reconhecidas pelos estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir com alunos e docentes que visitam o Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru informações sobre o uso de indicadores biológicos da qualidade da água. Este artigo descreve a implementação, as características e as atividades desenvolvidas dentro do projeto de extensão: “Bioindicadores da qualidade da água: subsídios para um projeto de Educação Ambiental”. Os resultados indicaram que houve um aproveitamento satisfatório dos estudantes que participaram das atividades propostas

Bioindicadores da qualidade da água: subsídios para um projeto de educação ambiental no jardim botânico municipal de Bauru, SP

Aquatic macroinvertebrates can be used as biological indicators for numerous reasons: it is easily collected and handled, it is visible to the naked eye and their characteristics can be easily recognized by students. The aim of the study was to discuss with the students and teachers who visit the Botanic Garden in Bauru information about the use of biological indicators of water quality. This paper describes the implementation, characteristics and activities developed within the extension project: “Bioindicators of water quality: subsidies for an environmental education project”. The results indicated there was a satisfactory exploitation of the students who participated of the activities proposed.La comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos puede ser utilizada como indicador biológico por incontables razones: por la facilidad de colecta y manoseo, por su visibilidad y porqué, sus características son reconocidas fácilmente por los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio es discutir, con alumnos y profesores que visitan el Jardín Botánico Municipal de Bauru, informaciones sobre el uso de los indicadores biológicos de la calidad del agua. Este artículo describe la implementación, las características y las actividades desarrolladas dentro del Proyecto de Extensión “Bioindicadores de la calidad del agua: subsidios para un proyecto de Educación Ambiental”. Los resultados indican que los alumnos sacaron provecho de las actividades.A comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos pode ser usada como indicador biológico por inúmeras razões: é facilmente coletada e manuseada, é visível a olho nu e suas características podem ser facilmente reconhecidas pelos estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir com alunos e docentes que visitam o Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru informações sobre o uso de indicadores biológicos da qualidade da água. Este artigo descreve a implementação, as características e as atividades desenvolvidas dentro do projeto de extensão: “Bioindicadores da qualidade da água: subsídios para um projeto de Educação Ambiental”. Os resultados indicaram que houve um aproveitamento satisfatório dos estudantes que participaram das atividades propostas

A educação ambiental na escola básica: diretrizes para a divulgação dos conhecimentos científicos

O estudo que originou este artigo teve como objetivo compreender as fontes de informação dos(as) professores(as) da educação básica sobre educação ambiental (EA) para contribuir para a inserção desta na escola básica. Foi um estudo qualitativo na modalidade pesquisa de campo e os dados para análise foram coletados por observações e entrevistas com cerca de trezentos professores e professoras em catorze municípios da região central do estado de São Paulo. Apresentamos aqui as conclusões finais do estudo: a sistematização de diretrizes para publicações mais adequadas para a inserção da EA na educação básica. Apontamos, nesse sentido, a necessidade de problematizar com a comunidade científica essas diretrizes, como também de criar, na formação inicial e permanente dos(as) professores(as), espaços de discussão de formas adequadas de busca de informações sobre educação ambiental.

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics