Assessing the Performance and Application of Operational Lagrangian Transport HAB Forecasting Systems

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Thermoacoustic analysis of lean premixed hydrogen flames in narrow vertical channels

Thermoacoustic instabilities arise for lean hydrogen-air flames propagating in narrow channels. We provide here a detailed experimental analysis of such phenomena in a semi-confined vessel, analyzing the effect of the mixture composition, geometry and gravity on the onset of acoustic-driven flame vibrations. Downward-propagating flames leaner than a critical value vibrate smoothly and transit to the secondary oscillating instability, which develops strong variations of pressure that couple with the propagation dynamics. The transition threshold changes during the propagation along very narrow channels, where heat losses are no longer negligible. The parametric region of equivalence ratio for the secondary thermoacoustic instability diminishes, showing an additional transition for very lean flames. There, the front breaks into several structures and the flame-wave feedback becomes weaker. The influence of gravity is studied by comparing upward and downward propagating flames, where the Rayleigh–Taylor instability arises for sufficiently small values of the Froude number in slow-propagating lean flames. For a constant mixture, buoyancy-driven upward-propagating flames develop less wrinkled fronts than those propagating downwards, and remain unresponsive to acoustic-front interaction. We show here a direct relation between front shape and thermoacoustics. In agreement with previous studies [1], [2], [3], curvature and strain effects on conduction and diffusion characterize the response of the flame to pressure perturbations, with the Markstein number controlling the aforementioned transition. Nevertheless, the theoretical analyses found in the literature can only be used on nearly equidiffusional mixtures, and are not accurate enough to describe the highly diffusive fuel mixtures (i.e. lean hydrogen-air flames) considered in our experiments.This work was supported by projects ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R (MINECO/ FEDER, UE), BYNV-ua37crdy (Fundación Iberdrola España) and KIT. The authors want to thank the technical support of ProScience GmbH. in the construction and operation of the experimental setup. D. Martnez-Ruiz would like to acknowledge F. Higuera for fruitful discussions.Publicad

The effect of experience and instructions on learned attentional biases

Afiliaciones: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Spain Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, UK School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, AustraliaIt has been shown that selective attention is allocated to the best available predictor of an outcome, which is known as learned predictiveness. Mitchell et al. (2012) have shown that instructions about the ‘relevance’ of each stimulus can influence (and even reverse) the learned predictiveness attentional bias, suggesting that propositional reasoning plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. Our experiment further explores the effects of instructions on this learned attentional bias. As a difference with previous work, we measured attentional capture through spatial cueing effects, which have been found to rely on rapid attentional processes (Le Pelley et al., 2013). Participants responded faster to events presented in the spatial location cued by stimuli that had previously been trained as predictive through trial-by-trial learning. However, verbal instructions regarding relevance failed to speed up participants’ responses or to modulate the effect of learned predictiveness on spatial cueing. These results suggest that predictive stimuli produce an attentional bias which is not (always) under voluntary control.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A regularised-adaptive Proper Generalised Decomposition implementation for coupled magneto-mechanical problems with application to MRI scanners

Latest developments in high-strength Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners with in-built high resolution, have dramatically enhanced the ability of clinicians to diagnose tumours and rare illnesses. However, their high-strength transient magnetic fields induce unwanted eddy currents in shielding components, which result in fast vibrations, noise, imaging artefacts and, ultimately, heat dissipation, boiling off the helium used to super-cool the magnets. Optimum MRI scanner design requires the capturing of complex electro-magneto-mechanical interactions with high fidelity computational tools. During production cycles, this is known to be extremely expensive due to the large number of configurations that need to be tested. There is an urgent need for the development of new cost-effective methods whereby previously performed computations can be assimilated as training solutions of a surrogate digital twin model to allow for real-time simulations. In this paper, a Reduced Order Modelling technique based on the Proper Generalised Decomposition method is presented for the first time in the context of MRI scanning design, with two distinct novelties. First, the paper derives from scratch the offline higher dimensional parametrised solution process of the coupled electro-magneto-mechanical problem at hand and, second, a regularised adaptive methodology is proposed for the circumvention of numerical singularities associated with the ill-conditioning of the discrete system in the vicinity of resonant modes. A series of numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate, motivate and demonstrate the validity and flexibility of the considered approach

Genomic epidemiology of salmonid alphavirus in Norwegian aquaculture reveals recent subtype-2 transmission dynamics and novel subtype-3 lineages

Viral disease poses a major barrier to sustainable aquaculture, with outbreaks causing large economic losses and growing concerns for fish welfare. Genomic epidemiology can support disease control by providing rapid inferences on viral evolution and disease transmission. In this study, genomic epidemiology was used to investigate salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the causative agent of pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon. Our aim was to reconstruct SAV subtype-2 (SAV2) diversity and transmission dynamics in recent Norwegian aquaculture, including the origin of SAV2 in regions where this subtype is not tolerated under current legislation. Using nanopore sequencing, we captured ~90% of the SAV2 genome for n = 68 field isolates from 10 aquaculture production regions sampled between 2018 and 2020. Using time-calibrated phylogenetics, we infer that, following its introduction to Norway around 2010, SAV2 split into two clades (SAV2a and 2b) around 2013. While co-present at the same sites near the boundary of Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag, SAV2a and 2b were generally detected in non-overlapping locations at more Southern and Northern latitudes, respectively. We provide evidence for recent SAV2 transmission over large distances, revealing a strong connection between Møre og Romsdal and SAV2 detected in 2019/20 in Rogaland. We also demonstrate separate introductions of SAV2a and 2b outside the SAV2 zone in Sognefjorden (Vestland), connected to samples from Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag, respectively, and a likely 100 km Northward transmission of SAV2b within Trøndelag. Finally, we recovered genomes of SAV2a and SAV3 co-infecting single fish in Rogaland, involving novel SAV3 lineages that diverged from previously characterized strains >25 years ago. Overall, this study demonstrates useful applications of genomic epidemiology for tracking viral disease spread in aquaculture

“Determinación de la influencia de las actividades urbano e industrial en el nivel de contaminación del aire mediante la determinación de partículas suspendidas respirables (PM 2,5), en el Alto Mayo, 2015”

La presente investigación: “Determinación de la influencia de las actividades urbano e industrial en el nivel de contaminación del aire mediante la determinación de partículas suspendidas respirables (PM-2,5), en el Alto Mayo, 2015”. Utiliza el tipo de investigación: Básico descriptivo. El objetivo central ha sido: Determinar la influencia de las actividades urbano e industrial en el nivel de contaminación del aire, mediante la determinación de partículas suspendidas respirables (PM-2,5), en el Alto Mayo 2015. A manera de objetivo específico fue planteada la caracterización de los aspectos biofísicos y socioeconómicos del ámbito de estudio, la comparación de concentración de partículas con el Estándar de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para aire y la determinación del conocimiento de la población en cuanto a la contaminación atmosférica. Para lograr los objetivos se efectuó un programa de monitoreo del aire en cinco puntos del Alto Mayo (Naranjos, Nueva Cajamarca, Segunda Jerusalén, Rioja y Moyobamba) siendo el periodo de muestreo desde noviembre del 2015 hasta julio del 2016. Para esto se utilizó un equipo de muestreo automático y se determinó la cantidad de partículas respirables en suspensión de tamaño igual o menor a 2,5 μm (PM2,5); se ha encontrado que durante el periodo de monitoreo, los meses que presenta mayores concentraciones promedio son: Mayo, junio y julio, presentando valores de 30,2; 30,4 y 31,1 ug/m3, respectivamente. Se describe también la caracterización de los aspectos biofísicos, socio económico y resultados de encuesta aplicada sobre el conocimiento de la contaminación atmosférica por parte la población. El estudio concluye, que a nivel del ámbito de estudio por localidades, los mayores valores promedio de PM-2,5 se presentan en las localidades de Segunda Jerusalén, Rioja y Moyobamba, obteniendo 29,0; 30,83 y 33,39 ug/m3 respectivamente. En todos los casos durante el periodo de monitoreo se supera el ECA 25 ug/m3 para PM 2,5, establecido mediante D.S. N° 003-2008-MINAM, determinando de este modo la influencia de las actividades urbano e industrial en la calidad del aire. The present investigation: "Determination of the influence of urban and industrial activities on the level of air pollution through the determination of respirable suspended particles (PM-2.5), in the Alto Mayo, 2015". Use the type of research: Basic descriptive. The main objective was: Determine the influence of urban and industrial activities on the level of air pollution, through the determination of respirable suspended particles (PM-2.5), in the Alto Mayo 2015. As a specific objective it was The characterization of the biophysical and socioeconomic aspects of the field of study, the comparison of particle concentration with the Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for air and the determination of the knowledge of the population in terms of atmospheric pollution. To achieve the objectives, an air monitoring program was carried out in five points of the Alto Mayo (Naranjos, Nueva Cajamarca, Segunda Jerusalén, Rioja and Moyobamba), with the sampling period being from November 2015 to July 2016. For this purpose, a automatic sampling equipment and the amount of respirable particles in suspension of equal or smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was determined; It has been found that during the monitoring period, the months with the highest average concentrations are: May, June and July, presenting values ​​of 30.2; 30.4 and 31.1 ug / m3, respectively. It also describes the characterization of the biophysical, socio-economic and survey results applied on the knowledge of air pollution by the population. The study concludes that, at the level of the study by localities, the highest average values ​​of PM-2.5 occur in the towns of Segunda Jerusalén, Rioja and Moyobamba, obtaining 29.0; 30.83 and 33.39 ug / m3 respectively. In all cases during the monitoring period, the ECA is exceeded 25 ug / m3 for PM 2.5, established by D.S. N ° 003-2008-MINAM, thus determining the influence of urban and industrial activities on air quality.Tesi

Three-dimensional assessment of the judo throwing techniques frequently used in competition

Background and Study Aim: Although the judo throwing techniques are not considered as injurious to the attacker, repetition of these techniques might cause repetitive strain type injuries. The goal of the study was knowledge about the degrees of flexion and extension and abduction and adduction of the main locomotive joints, performing the most employed throwing techniques in high-level competition. Material and Methods: Two world-class judoists, under the supervision of an elite Japanese expert, performed seoi-nage, uchi-mata, osoto-gari, ouchi-gari and kouchi-gari. They were analysed using three-dimensional technology. Results: Data of performance throws obtained from expert 1 and 2 respectively were very similar. Results indicate that systematic repetition of seoi-nage, uchi-mata and o-soto-gari can produce shoulder tendon pathologies. Long-term seoi-nage and uchi-mata practice might generate epicondylitis. Judokas who have suffered anterior cruciate ligament injuries must be careful when executing techniques that demand explosive knee extension (i.e. seoi-nage) against a great resistance. Judokas are not exposed to overuse injuries when they perform ouchi-gari and kouchi-gari throws. Conclusions: Systematic practice of the most employed judo throwing techniques in high-level judo can cause injuries by overuse in the upper-body joints (shoulder, elbow). Nevertheless, the lower-body joints (knee, ankle) do not seem to be at risk of injury by overuse

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) - What are they?

A panel of five aviation experts will discuss Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). Particular emphasis will be placed on the rules governing UAS operation. A UAS operational demonstration will be conducted

Three-dimensional assessment of the judo throwing techniques frequently used in competition

P. 107-115Antecedentes y objetivo del estudio: aunque las técnicas de lanzamiento de judo no se consideran perjudiciales para el atacante, la repetición de estas técnicas podría causar lesiones de tipo de esfuerzo repetitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los grados de flexión y extensión, y de abducción y aducción de las articulaciones locomotoras principales, realizando las técnicas de lanzamiento más empleadas en la competencia de alto nivel. Material y métodos: Dos judokas de clase mundial, bajo la supervisión de un experto japonés de élite, realizaron seoi-nage, uchi-mata, osoto-gari, ouchi-gari y kouchi-gari. Fueron analizados utilizando tecnología tridimensional. Resultados: Los datos de los tiros de rendimiento obtenidos de los expertos 1 y 2 respectivamente fueron muy similares. Los resultados indican que la repetición sistemática de seoi-nage, uchi-mata y o-soto-gari puede producir patologías en los tendones del hombro. La práctica a largo plazo de seoi-nage y uchi-mata puede generar epicondilitis. Los judokas que han sufrido lesiones en el ligamento cruzado anterior deben tener cuidado al ejecutar técnicas que exijan una extensión de rodilla explosiva (es decir, seoi-nage) contra una gran resistencia. Los judokas no están expuestos a lesiones por uso excesivo cuando realizan lanzamientos de ouchi-gari y kouchi-gari. Conclusiones: la práctica sistemática de las técnicas de lanzamiento de judo más empleadas en el judo de alto nivel puede causar lesiones por el uso excesivo en las articulaciones de la parte superior del cuerpo (hombro, codo). Sin embargo, las articulaciones de la parte inferior del cuerpo (rodilla, tobillo) no parecen correr el riesgo de lesionarse por el uso excesivoS