An improved ultrasound-assisted extraction process of gossypol acetic acid from cottonseed soapstock

To investigate the extracted process of gossypol acetic acid (G-AA) from cottonseed soapstock and explore the improvement of its yield and purity, a novel ultrasound-assisted extraction and crystallization method was introduced to this process. Under the optimized conditions, preliminary G-AA with the yield of 1300 mg and the purity of 95.9% could be obtained from 100 g of fresh soapstock by ultrasound-assisted extraction. In addition, UV, IR, and NMR spectrum further confirmed the detailed chemical structure of G-AA. Assay of inhibiting human prostate tumor cell line PC-3 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 revealed its biological activity, the values of IC 50 are 9.096 Μmol/L and 14.37 Μmol/L respectively. In comparison with the conventional solvent extraction, this novel process increases the content of G-AA over 90%, reduces the time of crystallization by 75%, and retains the anticancer activity of gossypol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61872/1/11700_ftp.pd

Effect of acoustic streaming on continuous flow sonocrystallization in millifluidic channels

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. This work is concerned with the effect of ultrasound on mixing and consequently on crystallization in millifluidic channels. An ultrasonic horn with frequency of 20 kHz was placed inside a vessel with a well-defined geometry containing a single capillary tube with internal diameter (I.D.) of 1.55 or 3.2 mm operated with a fluid flow rate between 1 and 17.6 ml/min. This system was employed to produce crystals of adipic acid in the range of 15–35 µm. The effect of ultrasound on flow patterns, residence time distribution (RTD) and cooling crystallization were investigated experimentally and numerically. Simulations of acoustic and velocity fields inside the millichannel acting as crystallizer allowed characterizing the acoustic streaming generated within it. In the large capillary, especially at small flow rates, acoustic streaming influenced the flow field, inducing vortices and leading to significant changes in RTD. Conversely, in the small capillary, ultrasound affected the flow field and the RTD negligibly, and a laminar velocity profile with straight streamlines was obtained. As a consequence, different crystallization behaviours were observed in the two capillaries; in particular, while the mean crystal size increased with the sonication residence time in the 1.55 mm I.D. capillary, it decreased in the 3.2 mm I.D. capillary. This difference highlights the importance of considering acoustic streaming when designing sonocrystallizers

25 - Ultrasonic mixing, homogenization, and emulsification in food processing and other applications

This chapter analyzes the effects of power ultrasound on physical operations used either for the production and/or dispersion of a solid or a liquid phase in a liquid through precipitation, crystallization, emulsification, or simple deaggregation or for the disruption and/or dissolution of particles, floc, curd, or cells. First, a brief survey of cavitation and acoustic streaming gives the minimum information necessary to understand local and global US-induced hydrodynamics and their role on micro- and macromixing. Concerning specific applications, aggregate dispersion, particle disruption, dissolution, and homogenization are reviewed. Emulsification as an important application in food and the cosmetic industry is specifically emphasized