Identification of type A and B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction

A method is described for the identification of type A and type B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The use of three pairs of primers specific for genomic sequences coding for the two forms of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA), 2A and 2B, and for a DNA sequence from the BamZ/BamR region allows the reliable and rapid detection of type A and B viruses in as little as 1000 EBV positive cells

Pyrrolidine from N-alkyl-N-Chloroureas (Abstract)

Previous work in this laboratory has shown that when N-n-buty 1-N -chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, N-n-butyl-N-chloroacetamide, or N-n-butyl-N-chloropropionamide is dissolved in sulfuric acid and heated, ring closure occurs with the formation of pyrrolidine in good yields. It was thought that N, N\u27-di-n-butyl-N, N\u27- dichlorourea might react in a similar manner. This was found to be the case. When this compound was dissolved in 95 per cent sulfuric acid and heated for a period of one hour at 120-130° C. pyrrolidine was formed in yields of 50 to 55 per cent. Under similar conditions N, N-dimethyl-N\u27-n-butyl-N\u27-chlorourea gave pyrrolidine in yields of 5 to 10 per cent

Imagery rescripting for the treatment of trauma in voice hearers: a case series

Background: High rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reported in people who hear voices (auditory hallucinations). A recent metanalysis of trauma interventions in psychosis showed only small improvements in PSTD symptoms and voices. Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) may be a therapy that is more effective in this population because it generalizes over memories, which is ideal in this population with typically repeated traumas. The primary aims of this study were to investigate whether ImR reduces (1) PTSD symptoms and (2) voice frequency and distress in voice hearers. Methods: A single arm open trial study, case-series design. Twelve voice hearers with previous traumas that were thematically related to their voices participated. Brief weekly assessments (administered sessions 1-8, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up) and longer measures (administered pre-, mid-, and post-intervention) were administered. Mixed regression analysis was used to analyze the results. Results: There was one treatment dropout. Results of the weekly measure showed significant linear reductions over time in all three primary variables - Voice Distress, Voice Frequency, and Trauma Intrusions - all with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained (and continued to improve for Trauma Intrusions) at 3-month follow-up. On the full assessment tools, all measures showed improvement over time, with five outcomes showing significant time effects: trauma, voice frequency, voice distress, voice malevolence and stress. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that ImRs for PTSD symptoms is generally well tolerated and can be therapeutically beneficial among individuals who hear voices

Spezifische Komponenten der Psychotraumatherapie einsatzbedingter psychischer Erkrankungen bei deutschen Soldaten

In the habilitatione, in addition to diagnostic, especially specific therapeutic components of the inpatient psychotraumatological treatment of german soldiers were presented. It turned out that the observance of guilt and shame as central traumatic affects in the treatment of soldiers is a particular clinical challenge. In the future, it will be important to extend existing treatment methods, the primarily classically fear-related war traumas, in order to extend topics of war-related guilt and shame in the therapeutic context in a targeted manner within the framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy methods

Synthesis and investigation of hexacarboxamide cryptands as anionic binucleating ligands by Glen E. Alliger.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.We have investigated the use of hexacarboxamide cryptands as sextuply anionic binucleating ligands. Two homobimetallic complexes of a t-butyl-substituted cryptand, featuring manganese(II) ion and cobalt(II) ions, have been synthesized. The manganese species features a bridging hydroxide ligand; both of these species have been structurally characterized, though complete characterization was not possible due to the compounds' impurity. A highly soluble hexacarboxamide cryptand, featuring dipropoxyphenoxyl substituents, was synthesized for the first time, and has been structurally characterized. The structure features a two-dimensional hydrogen bonding network, resulting in infinite sheets of cryptand units. We have synthesized a dicobalt(II) complex of this ligand. This compound features the metal centers in cofacial trigonal monopyramidal geometries, with an intermetallic distance in excess of 6 A. This marks the first time that such a species has been fully characterized. Despite the void between the metal centers, elucidation of constructive reactivity was a challenge, though insertion of cyanide under forcing conditions was achieved. This dicobalt(II) p-cyano complex was also structurally characterized. Using the methodology set forth for the synthesis of the dicobalt(II) complex of the soluble cryptand, we have synthesized a series of complexes of this ligand, featuring manganese(II), iron(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II). These compounds were structurally characterized, and were found to be isomorphous with the dicobalt(II) complex. A comparison of the structures is drawn. These compounds have also been characterized by a variety of methods, including SQuID magnetometry, cyclic voltammetry, EPR, and, in the case of the diiron complex, Mbssbauer spectroscopy. Also reported is work toward a diiron(III) complex; the M6ssbauer spectrum of this species is reported. In analogy to the pt-cyano complex of the dicobalt complex above, a p-cyano complex of the diiron(II) was synthesized and structurally characterized. Investigations into the utility of the initial t-butyl substituted cryptand as a ligand have also been made. Initial results indicate that monometalation of this ligand is possible, and treatment of a putative monocobalt(II) complex with tetrabutylammonium cyanide suggests that the cyanide-bound product is in equilibrium with the free complex.Ph.D

Human interleukin-13 activates the interleukin-4-dependent transcription factor NF-IL4 sharing a DNA binding motif with an interferon-γ-induced nuclear binding factor

AbstractThe effects of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on cellular functions were shown to be quite similar. We provide evidence that in monocytes as well as in T lymphocytes both IL-4 and IL- 13 activate the same recently identified transcription factor NF-IL4 which binds to the specific responsive element IL-4RE. In addition, we show that a nuclear factor activated by interferon-γ also interacts with the IL-4RE. It differs from NF-IL4 in the electrophoretic mobility of the complex with DNA, in its DNA-binding specificity and in the proteins interacting with the DNA sequence. Sensitivity against various enzyme inhibitors suggests that components of the signal transduction pathway are shared by all three cytokines

Проект узла синтеза 1,2-дихлорэтана

Объект исследования: узел синтеза 1,2-дихлорэтана. Цель работы: проектирование узла синтеза 1,2-дихлорэтана. В процессе исследования проводились: выбор метода получения 1,2-дихлорэтана, технологической схемы, подбор основного аппарата и его расчет. В результате исследования был спроектирован узел синтеза 1,2-дихлорэтана. Основные конструктивные характеристики: реактор прямого хлорирования это барботажная газлифтная колонна с распределительными устройствами, внутренней циркуляционной трубой и тарелками. Область применения: органическая химическая промышленность. Экономическая эффективность: выделяющееся тепло расходуется на испарение и ректификацию продуктов, сточные воды отсутствуют, расход катализатора минимален.The object of research: the synthesis unit of 1,2-dichloroethane. Objective: To design synthesis unit of 1,2-dichloroethane. The study was conducted with the choice of the method of preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane, technological scheme, the selection of the main unit and its calculation. The study was designed by the synthesis unit of 1,2-dichloroethane. Key design features: direct chlorination reactor is a bubble column with gas lift switchgear, the internal circulation pipe and cymbals. Application: organic chemical industry. Cost-effectiveness: the released heat is spent on evaporation and distillation products, no waste water, catalyst consumption is minimal

Recent developments in team resilience research in elite sport

In this paper we review recent developments in team resilience research in elite sport. Although resilience has become a popular and well-researched topic from an individual (psychological) perspective, less attention has been paid to whether this construct is conceptually and operationally robust at a group level. In this review, we provide an overview of definitional aspects of team resilience followed by an outline of research in the general psychology literature, and a discussion of the findings of the first two studies of team resilience in elite sport. Recent developments in this area of sport psychology research suggest that an understanding of how teams mobilize their collective psychosocial resources to withstand stressors is essential for optimal performance

Modeling and simulating for the treatment of subjectivity in the process of choosing personnel using fuzzy logic

Every day organizations pay more attention to Human Resources Management, because the human factor is preponderant in the results of it. One of the important policies is the Selection of Personnel, these are needed for their decision-making results, which in many organizations is done in a subjective manner and which brings consequences not very favorable to them. Taking this problem into account, it is decided to design and apply procedures and tools of fuzzy mathematics to reduce subjectivity and uncertainty in decision-making, creating work algorithms for this policy that includes multifactorial weights and analysis with measurement indicators that they allow tangible and reliable results. In this case of personnel selection, eight candidates were taken into account and by applying a diffuse evaluation system, the candidate with the highest rating of 98% was chosen. This indicates that subjectivity was reduced when choosing the best evaluated candidate