Survival, Mortality, Causes of Death and Risk Factors of Poor Outcome

Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune disorder with a historically bad prognosis. Survival has been improving over time and we can currently estimate a 1-year survival, 94.9; a 5-year survival, 84.4; a 10-year survival, 70.9 and a 20-year survival, 44.9%, from the time of diagnosis. Accordingly, mortality has been decreasing over time, being the overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 2.72 (1.90–3.83), SMR 2.4 after 1990. Among the SSc-related causes of death, the lung death is the most important cause and its relative percentage is increasing over time since the introduction of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) in early 1990s. Among the SSc-non-related causes of death, cancer, infection and cardiovascular disorders are the leading causes of death. Risk factor predictors of poor outcomes are an elder age at diagnosis, the male gender, diffuse subset, visceral involvement and non-Raynaud’s phenomenon onset

Presentación. La práctica de la investigación etnográfica.

Sin resume

La creación simbólica de fronteras entre los antropólogos del Estado Español.

Sin resume

Single-parenthood by choice and disclosing the origins of the offspring born from gamete donation: the case of Spain

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM)Single mothers by choice (smbc) who follow an assisted reproduction process usually disclose this origin to their offspring and have a rich narrative to do so. In this respect smbc are different from couples that make use of assisted reproduction because of infertility problems in the male partner. The most frequent explanation for this contrast is that, in the case of couples, it simultaneously involves disclosing male infertility and the lack of a biological relationship between the child and the social father. This does not happen in the case of smbcC where “there are no fathers” and this circumstance is the center of an explicit “de-problematization” effort on the part of mothers by, for example, defining the genitor as a “donor”, and dissociating this role from a parental or spousal figure. Additionally, there are differences in the legitimacy of sexual reproduction in the case of single women and couplesLas Madres Solteras por Elección (mspe) que han concebido mediante donación de semen suelen revelar “sus orígenes” a los hijos/as y disponen de una rica narrativa para ello. Así, las mspe difieren de las parejas que acuden a la reproducción asistida a causa de la infertilidad del hombre. La explicación más frecuente de esta diferencia es que la revelación de “los orígenes” supone revelar simultáneamente la infertilidad y la inexistencia de vínculos biológicos entre hijo/a y padre social. Esto no se plantea con las mspe porque se trata de familias donde “no hay padre” y la ausencia de éste es objeto de un trabajo expreso de “desproblematización”, por ejemplo, desconsiderando al genitor como “donante”, papel que es disociado del de pareja o padre. A ello se añade la distinta legitimidad que tiene la procreación sexual según se trate de una mujer sola o de una mujer que vive en parej

Inability of the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida) to transmit citrus psorosis virus under controlled conditions

Might Toxoptera citricida (BrCA) be a citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) vector? We examined CPsV transmission by the BrCA throughout two experiments. In experiment 1, 4 CPsV-infected plants bearing BrCA colonies were introduced in separated cages with 12 healthy 'Madame Vinous' sweet orange (MV) seedlings in each one (48 in total). In experiment 2, 5 BrCAs collected from each CPsV-infected plant were transferred into 3 MV seedlings for each one (12 in total) and left for a 72-h inoculation period. Both experiments were replicated once. No psorosis symptoms or CPsV detection evidences a BrCA inability for CPsV transmission under our controlled conditions.

Socialization into single-parent-by-choice family life

This paper examines family interactions between mothers and children in single-parent-by-choice (SPBC) families in Spain. The data is part of a larger multi-sited ethnographic study focused on emergent family structures that examined families formed by women who began their family projects through adoption or assisted reproduction. Single-mothers-by-choice formulate various socialization goals that are tied to the complexities of their non conventional family project. These goals are also realized in daily conversation, particularly when families talk about future events in their lives. Our findings expand existing family language socialization research in Western contexts, which has primarily focused on conventional twoparent families, and invite developing a stronger dialogue between family language socialization research and current debates on changing kinship structures in post industrial societies

Una reflexión crítica sobre la monoparentalidad : el caso de las madres solteras por elección = A critical reflection on the single parenthood : the case of the single mothers by election

El artículo constituye una discusión teórica (a partir de la bibliografía y los estudios empíricos precedentes) de las limitaciones que supone abordar genéricamente el tema de la monoparentalidad, sin tomar en consideración la diversidad de realidades que se esconden detrás del mismo. Se toma como eje de la discusión una modalidad de monoparentalidad como es la de las madres solteras por elección (MSPE), y se hace hincapié en las estrategias particulares (de conciliación de la vida laboral, familiar y personal, económicas, socioeducativas, de ocupación del tiempo libre de los hijos, etc.) desarrolladas por ellas.__________________________________This article constitutes a theoretical discussion on the limits of an indistinct approach to single parenthood, one that does not take into account the diverse realities that the concept might conceal. As an axis for discussion we approach one type of single parenthood, single mothers by choice (SMC), stressing the particular strategies (economic, social, educational, related to children's leisure time, to the balancing work and family, etc.) deployed by SMC

Strategies to Personalize and to Depersonalize Donors in Parental Narratives of Children’s Genetic / Gestational Origins (Spain)

What strategies do parents who resort to ‘third-party’ reproduction use to deal with donors in the conversations they have with their children on the topic? Few studies deal with the images and representations that families build of donors and transmit to their children through stories about their origins, strategies that vary according to the family model and the type of donation. A qualitative investigation was carried out in Spain between 2013 and 2015 on the dissemination of their genetic or gestational origins to children conceived through assisted reproduction with donors. This article studies families in favor of disclosure who were contacted through associations, blogs, online forums, and the snowball method. The analysis has revealed strategies of depersonalization (concealing one of the donors, treating the donor as an object, pluralization, transformation into a magical and evanescent character, individualization) and personalization (the personalized construction, naming the donor and visualizing him or her, pluriparentality) that have the effect (and purpose) of de-kinning the children from the donors while kinning them with the social parents and their extended families. Thus, the strategies of de-kinning that we find in the stories about origins are the necessary preparatory step to kin the child to the non-genetic parent and to manage intervention by third parties in the production of children that challenges the exclusivity of the motherhood / paternity characteristic of our cultural kinship system. The dissociation between biogenetic, social and legal links as a result of the intervention of third parties opens the possibility of generating new parental connections that exceed the hegemonic model of biparentality

Single-parenthood by choice: children’s socialization processes into a non-conventional family model

En este artículo presentamos parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación centrado en familias monoparentales por elección. El estudio recoge datos en tres comunidades autónomas del Estado Español e incluye entrevistas a madres embarcadas en proyectos familiares en solitario (a través de adopción internacional, acogimiento permanente, técnicas de reproducción asistida y fecundación sexual con donante conocido) y a sus hijos/as sobre sus experiencias familiares, observación de diferentes espacios virtuales, formativos y asociativos en los que estas familias participan y recopilación de diferentes documentos en torno a la monoparentalidad por elección. Nos centraremos en examinar el modo en que los niños y las niñas de la muestra estudiada construyen su propio modelo de familia no convencional. Entendemos la construcción del modelo familiar como un proceso de co-construcción de la subjetividad del hijo/a en el que las madres y otros agentes socializadores juegan un papel activoIn this article we present part of our findings from a research project focused on single-parent families by choice. The study collected data in three autonomous communities in Spain and includes interviews with mothers involved in single- parenthood projects (through adoption, foster parenting, assisted reproductive technologies or sexual fertilization through a known donor) and their children about their family experiences, observations in different formative, associative and virtual spaces in which these families participate and a compilation of different documents on parenthood by choice. We focus on the way in which the children we have studied build their own nonconventional family model. We understand the construction of this model as a process of coconstruction of the child’s subjectivity in which mothers and other socializing agents play an active rol

Representaciones de hombres gays en la literatura colombiana (2000 - 2007)

La presente investigación aborda, desde el campo de los estudios culturales y con un enfoque interdisciplinar, las representaciones del personaje gay en la novela colombiana de los primeros siete años del presente siglo. En ellas fue posible reconocer una serie de normas positivas o negativas que rigen sobre la sexualidad y el género de los personajes, las cuales son analizadas e interpretadas de forma amplia y detallada en el cuerpo de esta investigación. También se encontró, en mayor o menor medida, la presencia estereotipos, creencias y atribuciones de causalidad, de las que se presenta un breve resultado de su análisis en los anexos de este trabajo. En esta investigación se utilizó una metodología empleada para el estudio de las representaciones sociales, a través de la técnica denominada análisis de contenido, basándose principalmente en métodos cualitativos o de enfoque procesual tanto para el análisis descriptivo como para el hermenéutico del contenido de la representación. El enfoque estructural únicamente fue utilizado para la recopilación y organización de los elementos que sirvieron para su análisis. Por lo que se podría decir que se utilizó un diseño metodológico flexible que permitió preservar algunas de las ventajas del análisis cuantitativo pero logrando un mayor énfasis en el análisis de tipo cualitativo. Dado lo anterior, y con base en los resultados encontrados, fue posible interpretar que los personajes de las novelas analizadas se encuentran inscritos en estructuras de poder y de subordinación basadas en normas de sexualidad y género, impuestas o administradas a través de diversas estrategias.Maestrí