To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma

Distressing intrusive memories of a traumatic event are one of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, it is crucial to identify early interventions that prevent the occurrence of intrusive memories. Both, sleep and sleep deprivation have been discussed as such interventions, yet previous studies yielded contradicting effects. Our systematic review aims at evaluating existing evidence by means of traditional and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses to overcome power issues of sleep research. Until May 16th, 2022, six databases were searched for experimental analog studies examining the effect of post-trauma sleep versus wakefulness on intrusive memories. Nine studies were included in our traditional meta-analysis (8 in the IPD meta-analysis). Our analysis provided evidence for a small effect favoring sleep over wakefulness, log-ROM = 0.25, p < .001, suggesting that sleep is associated with a lower number of intrusions but unrelated to the occurrence of any versus no intrusions. We found no evidence for an effect of sleep on intrusion distress. Heterogeneity was low and certainty of evidence for our primary analysis was moderate. Our findings suggest that post-trauma sleep has the potential to be protective by reducing intrusion frequency. More research is needed to determine the impact following real-world trauma and the potential clinical significance

Genome analysis and physiological comparison of Alicycliphilus denitrificans strains BC and K601T

The genomes of the Betaproteobacteria Alicycliphilus denitrificans strains BC and K601T have been sequenced to get insight into the physiology of the two strains. Strain BC degrades benzene with chlorate as electron acceptor. The cyclohexanol-degrading denitrifying strain K601T is not able to use chlorate as electron acceptor, while strain BC cannot degrade cyclohexanol. The 16S rRNA sequences of strains BC and K601T are identical and the fatty acid methyl ester patterns of the strains are similar. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of predicted open reading frames of both strains showed most hits with Acidovorax sp. JS42, a bacterium that degrades nitro-aromatics. The genomes include strain-specific plasmids (pAlide201 in strain K601T and pAlide01 and pAlide02 in strain BC). Key genes of chlorate reduction in strain BC were located on a 120 kb megaplasmid (pAlide01), which was absent in strain K601T. Genes involved in cyclohexanol degradation were only found in strain K601T. Benzene and toluene are degraded via oxygenase-mediated pathways in both strains. Genes involved in the meta-cleavage pathway of catechol are present in the genomes of both strains. Strain BC also contains all genes of the ortho-cleavage pathway. The large number of mono- and dioxygenase genes in the genomes suggests that the two strains have a broader substrate range than known thus far.This research was supported by the Technology Foundation, the Applied Science Division (STW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 08053, the graduate school WIMEK (Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, which is part of SENSE Research School for Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment, www.wimek-new.wur.nl and www.sense.nl), SKB (Dutch Centre for Soil Quality Management and Knowledge Transfer, www.skbodem.nl) and the Consolider project CSD-2007-00055. The research was incorporated in the TRIAS (TRIpartite Approaches 469 toward Soil systems processes) program (http://www.nwo.nl/en/research-and-results/programmes/alw/trias-tripartite-approach-to-soil-system-processes/index. html). Flávia Talarico Saia was supported by a FAPESP (the State of São Paulo Research Foundation) scholarship (2006-01997/5). The work conducted by the DOE JGI is supported by the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Alfons Stams acknowledges support by an ERC (European Research Counsil) advanced grant (project 323009). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

BHPR research: qualitative1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis

Background: Foot surgery is common in patients with RA but research into surgical outcomes is limited and conceptually flawed as current outcome measures lack face validity: to date no one has asked patients what is important to them. This study aimed to determine which factors are important to patients when evaluating the success of foot surgery in RA Methods: Semi structured interviews of RA patients who had undergone foot surgery were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted to explore issues that were important to patients. Results: 11 RA patients (9 ♂, mean age 59, dis dur = 22yrs, mean of 3 yrs post op) with mixed experiences of foot surgery were interviewed. Patients interpreted outcome in respect to a multitude of factors, frequently positive change in one aspect contrasted with negative opinions about another. Overall, four major themes emerged. Function: Functional ability & participation in valued activities were very important to patients. Walking ability was a key concern but patients interpreted levels of activity in light of other aspects of their disease, reflecting on change in functional ability more than overall level. Positive feelings of improved mobility were often moderated by negative self perception ("I mean, I still walk like a waddling duck”). Appearance: Appearance was important to almost all patients but perhaps the most complex theme of all. Physical appearance, foot shape, and footwear were closely interlinked, yet patients saw these as distinct separate concepts. Patients need to legitimize these feelings was clear and they frequently entered into a defensive repertoire ("it's not cosmetic surgery; it's something that's more important than that, you know?”). Clinician opinion: Surgeons' post operative evaluation of the procedure was very influential. The impact of this appraisal continued to affect patients' lasting impression irrespective of how the outcome compared to their initial goals ("when he'd done it ... he said that hasn't worked as good as he'd wanted to ... but the pain has gone”). Pain: Whilst pain was important to almost all patients, it appeared to be less important than the other themes. Pain was predominately raised when it influenced other themes, such as function; many still felt the need to legitimize their foot pain in order for health professionals to take it seriously ("in the end I went to my GP because it had happened a few times and I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who was quite dismissive of it, it was like what are you complaining about”). Conclusions: Patients interpret the outcome of foot surgery using a multitude of interrelated factors, particularly functional ability, appearance and surgeons' appraisal of the procedure. While pain was often noted, this appeared less important than other factors in the overall outcome of the surgery. Future research into foot surgery should incorporate the complexity of how patients determine their outcome Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interes

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Walking the Line: Country Music Lyricists and American Culture

Contents: Introduction: Walking the line : the Dixie Chicks and the making of country lyricists / Thomas Alan Holmes and Roxanne Harde -- Nobody Knows but Me : Jimmie Rodgers and the body politic / Taylor Hagood -- Cindy Walker, Lyle Lovett, and the West / Thomas Alan Holmes -- Help your brother along the road : Hank Williams and the humane tradition / Steve Goodson -- JC : Johnny Cash and faith / Thomas Alan Holmes -- Religious doctrine in the mid-1970s to 1980s country music concept albums of Willie Nelson / Blase S. Scarnati -- Grace to catch a falling soul : country, gospel, and evangelical populism in the music of Dottie Rambo / Douglas Harrison -- Loretta Lynn, Appalachian storyteller and autobiographer / Laura Grace Pattillo -- Branded man : Merle Haggard\u27s romance of the outlier / Thomas Alan Holmes -- Townes Van Zandt : Now here\u27s what this story\u27s told / Pete Falconer and James Zborowski -- Wildness, eschatology, and enclosure in the songs of Townes Van Zandt / Michael B. MacDonald -- Where it counts I\u27m real : the complexities of Dolly Parton\u27s feminist voice / Samantha Christensen -- Sin City : Gram Parsons and the Christ-haunted South / Clay Motley -- Weeping willows and long black veils : the country roots of Roseanne Cash, from Scotland to Tennessee / June Skinner Sawyers -- They draft the white trash first \u27round here anyway : Steve Earle\u27s American boys / Roxanne Harde.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1048/thumbnail.jp

Comparative Geographic Concentrations of 4 Sexually Transmitted Infections

Objectives. We measured and compared the concentration of primary and secondary syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and genital herpes in a large county with urban, suburban, and rural settings. Methods. We geocoded sexually transmitted infections reported to King County, Washington health department in 2000–2001 to census tract of residence. We used a model-based approach to measure concentration with Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Results. Syphilis exhibited the highest level of concentration (estimated Gini coefficient = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64, 0.78), followed by gonorrhea (estimated Gini coefficient=0.57; 95% CI=0.54, 0.60), chlamydial infection (estimated Gini coefficient = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.43), and herpes (estimated Gini coefficient=0.26; 95% CI=0.22, 0.29). Conclusions. Geographically targeted interventions may be most appropriate for syphilis and gonorrhea. For less-concentrated infections, control strategies must reach a wider portion of the population

Cognitive Flexibility Moderates the Efficacy of a Visuospatial Intervention Following Exposure to Analog Trauma

Objective: Intrusive memories are the hallmark feature of Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder (PTSD). Recent studies have found that a visuospatial intervention after viewing traumatic films reduces intrusive memories in healthy individuals. However, many individuals still exhibit high levels of symptoms following such an intervention, warranting continued investigation into specific characteristics moderating intervention effect. One such candidate is cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to update behavior in accordance with contextual demands. The present study aimed at examining the interactive effect of cognitive flexibility and a visuospatial intervention on intrusive memories, predicting that higher flexibility would be linked to stronger intervention effects. Method: Sixty participants (Mage = 29.07, SD = 4.23) completed a performance-based paradigm evaluating cognitive flexibility, watched traumatic films, and were allocated to either an intervention or control group. Intrusions were assessed by means of laboratory and ambulatory assessment, and the Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R). Results: Participants in the intervention group experienced fewer laboratory intrusions than the control group. However, this effect was moderated by cognitive flexibility: Whereas individuals with below-average cognitive flexibility did not benefit from the intervention, it was significantly beneficial for individuals with average and above-average cognitive flexibility. No group differences emerged in the number of ambulatory intrusions or IES-R scores. However, cognitive flexibility was negatively correlated with IES-R scores across both groups. Conclusions: These results highlight the significant role of cognitive flexibility in intrusion development, both in general and as a moderator of a visuospatial interventions. Future studies should investigate effects’ generalizability to clinical samples

Tiny homes and sleeping cabins as a response to homelessness: A scoping review protocol

Sleeping cabins and tiny homes are increasingly recognized as one part of a system for responding to homelessness. While municipalities are funding such projects, little is known about existing practice and research evidence to support the use of these approaches. This review is aimed at synthesizing existing practice and research evidence to guide future research, practice, and policy responses