Formulación del plan de direccionamiento estratégico de casa hotel Maüne

Casa Hotel Maüne es una empresa que ofrece sus servicios desde el 15 de Julio de 2013, caracterizada por la prestación de servicios de alojamiento de excelente calidad en la ciudad de Leticia, Amazonas. Partiendo de la necesidad de ser notablemente diferenciados de la competencia, el alcance principal del trabajo de grado es organizar internamente la empresa para poder ser competitivos en la ciudad, pues el turismo está avanzando hasta el punto que para brindar calidad en el servicio, cada uno de sus componentes debe ser de excelente calidad, refiriéndose al personal de la empresa, infraestructura y cada uno de sus procesos. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se tuvo en cuenta 2 guías enfocadas al sector hotelero; las Normas Técnicas Sectoriales Hoteleras y el Programa de Transformación Productiva para identificar en que proceso se encuentran las empresas que prestan servicio de alojamiento, se realizaron 3 matrices para analizar el entorno tanto interno como externo de la organización, basados en estas estas guías y el DOFA junto a las estrategias MEFI, MEFE y MAFEPregradoAdministrador(a) turístico(a

Aquacultural Homoeopathy: A Focus on Marine Species

Homoeopathy is an alternative medical system proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in the eighteenth century. It uses highly diluted and agitated substances that derived from plants, minerals or animals, which have shown to be effective in human medicine, agronomy, veterinary, and as a novelty, in marine aquaculture. Aquacultural homoeopathy has developed rapidly in recent years, partially motivated by the misuse of powerful drugs (hormones, antibiotics, disinfectants) that when solving a problem generate undesirable side effects. In the last 10 years, scientific articles have been published on its application in freshwater fish native to Brazil, obtaining beneficial effects on growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, development of muscle fibres and lipid content in muscle. At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR, Mexico: www.cibnor.mx), we have studied the effects of homoeopathy to improve the culture of economically important marine species of molluscs, fish and shrimp. In this chapter, we show a selection of different research with preliminary or advanced results, related to the use of homoeopathy and its impact on zootechnic, biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic parameters in marine molluscs, fish and crustaceans. The results obtained suggest that homoeopathy is an eco-friendly alternative applicable in aquaculture industry to improve various productive and health aspects

The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study

Background and Aims Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and regions. Methods The database was compiled from published and unpublished reports. Plants were categorized into broad pollination systems and then subdivided to include bimodal systems. These were mapped against the five major divisions of the family, and against the smaller clades. Finally, pollination systems were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction that included those species for which sequence data are available, and transition rates between pollination systems were calculated. Key Results Most Apocynaceae are insect pollinated with few records of bird pollination. Almost three-quarters of species are pollinated by a single higher taxon (e.g. flies or moths); 7 % have bimodal pollination systems, whilst the remaining approx. 20 % are insect generalists. The less phenotypically specialized flowers of the Rauvolfioids are pollinated by a more restricted set of pollinators than are more complex flowers within the Apocynoids + Periplocoideae + Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae (APSA) clade. Certain combinations of bimodal pollination systems are more common than others. Some pollination systems are missing from particular regions, whilst others are over-represented. Conclusions Within Apocynaceae, interactions with pollinators are highly structured both phylogenetically and biogeographically. Variation in transition rates between pollination systems suggest constraints on their evolution, whereas regional differences point to environmental effects such as filtering of certain pollinators from habitats. This is the most extensive analysis of its type so far attempted and gives important insights into the diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large clades

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Modélisation et observation pour la commande des variables physiologiques du cycliste

Nowadays, most of the electrical assistances for bicycles are mainly based onmeasurements of mechanical variables. In this dissertation, cyclist and bicycle are considered as a whole energetic system in order to conceive physiology-aware control strategies. In this sense, the relationships between physiological indices and mechanical variables are studied. In particular, the gas exchange dynamics during cycling is modeled and analysed. The obtained model is discrete-time and linear parameter varying. Measured data of different cycling tests performed in GIPSA-Lab are used for its calibration. A methodology for parametric identification is developed as a solution of a sequence of non-linear unconstrained optimization problems. The gas exchange dynamical model allows the determination of excess carbon dioxide production, which is considered as an unsuitable physiological-state of the cyclist. Furthermore, a set-membership observer of carbon dioxide production is implemented using measurements of oxygen consumption and pedal power. It provides a deterministic interval which contains the real state. Finally, this thesis presents a method for finding the suficient conditions on the pedal power that guarantee admissible levels of carbon dioxide production.De nos jours, la plupart des assistances électriques pour vélos sont principalement basées sur des mesures de variables mécaniques. Cette thèse se concentre sur l'analyse du cycliste et du vélo dans son ensemble, afin de concevoir une loi de commande qui prenne en compte des contraintes physiologiques. En ce sens, la relation entre les indices physiologiques et les variables mécaniques est abordée. En particulier, dynamique d'échange de gaz pendant le pédalage est modélisée et analysée. Le modèle obtenu est linéaire à paramètres variables en temps discret. Les données mesurées de différents tests de cyclisme efectués au sein du GIPSA-Lab sont utilisées pour son calibration. La méthodologie d'identification paramétrique est développée comme solution à une séquence de problèmes d'optimisation non linéaire et non contraints. Le modèle dynamique d'échange de gaz fait référence à la détermination de la production excessive de dioxyde de carbone, qui est considérée comme un état physiologique indésirable du cycliste. En outre, un observateur de la production de dioxyde de carbone est mis en oeuvre en utilisant des mesures de la consommation d'oxygène et de la puissance de pédalage, ce qui fournit un intervalle déterministe contenant l'état réel. Enfin, une méthode est présentée pour trouver les conditions suffisantes sur la puissance de pédalage qui garantissent des niveaux admissibles de production de dioxyde de carbone

Modélisation et observation pour la commande des variables physiologiques du cycliste

De nos jours, la plupart des assistances électriques pour vélos sont principalement basées sur des mesures de variables mécaniques. Cette thèse se concentre sur l'analyse du cycliste et du vélo dans son ensemble, afin de concevoir une loi de commande qui prenne en compte des contraintes physiologiques. En ce sens, la relation entre les indices physiologiques et les variables mécaniques est abordée. En particulier, dynamique d'échange de gaz pendant le pédalage est modélisée et analysée. Le modèle obtenu est linéaire à paramètres variables en temps discret. Les données mesurées de différents tests de cyclisme efectués au sein du GIPSA-Lab sont utilisées pour son calibration. La méthodologie d'identification paramétrique est développée comme solution à une séquence de problèmes d'optimisation non linéaire et non contraints. Le modèle dynamique d'échange de gaz fait référence à la détermination de la production excessive de dioxyde de carbone, qui est considérée comme un état physiologique indésirable du cycliste. En outre, un observateur de la production de dioxyde de carbone est mis en oeuvre en utilisant des mesures de la consommation d'oxygène et de la puissance de pédalage, ce qui fournit un intervalle déterministe contenant l'état réel. Enfin, une méthode est présentée pour trouver les conditions suffisantes sur la puissance de pédalage qui garantissent des niveaux admissibles de production de dioxyde de carbone.Nowadays, most of the electrical assistances for bicycles are mainly based onmeasurements of mechanical variables. In this dissertation, cyclist and bicycle are considered as a whole energetic system in order to conceive physiology-aware control strategies. In this sense, the relationships between physiological indices and mechanical variables are studied. In particular, the gas exchange dynamics during cycling is modeled and analysed. The obtained model is discrete-time and linear parameter varying. Measured data of different cycling tests performed in GIPSA-Lab are used for its calibration. A methodology for parametric identification is developed as a solution of a sequence of non-linear unconstrained optimization problems. The gas exchange dynamical model allows the determination of excess carbon dioxide production, which is considered as an unsuitable physiological-state of the cyclist. Furthermore, a set-membership observer of carbon dioxide production is implemented using measurements of oxygen consumption and pedal power. It provides a deterministic interval which contains the real state. Finally, this thesis presents a method for finding the suficient conditions on the pedal power that guarantee admissible levels of carbon dioxide production

Mantenimiento y calibración de equipos biomédicos en la clínica PROINSALUD

El presente proyecto contiene un compendio de las principales actividades desarrolladas durante el transcurso de la pasantía en el área de mantenimiento de la Clínica Proinsalud S.A. Las tareas aquí especificadas competen al mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de los equipos biomédicos pertenecientes a las áreas de Consulta Externa y Especializada, Urgencias, Imagenología, Quirófano, Promoción y Prevención, Laboratorio, Farmacia y Bodega de Farmacia, Nutrición y Terapia Física; la calibración de tensiómetros, básculas, termómetros, micropipetas y tallímetros. Además, se incluye actividades adicionales, como instalación de equipos, instrucciones de funcionamiento, ajuste de parámetros, actualización de hojas de vida, diseños de nuevos equipos e implementaciones para mejorar los existentes