Impact of a microbial cocktail used as starter culture on cocoa fermentation and chocolate flavor

Chocolate production suffered a vast impact with the emergence of the “witches’ broom” disease in cocoa plants. To recover cocoa production, many disease-resistant hybrid plants have been developed. However, some different cocoa hybrids produce cocoa beans that generate chocolate with variable quality. Fermentation of cocoa beans is a microbiological process that can be applied for the production of chocolate flavor precursors, leading to overcoming the problem of variable chocolate quality. The aim of this work was to use a cocktail of microorganisms as a starter culture on the fermentation of the ripe cocoa pods from PH15 cocoa hybrid, and evaluate its influence on the microbial communities present on the fermentative process on the compounds involved during the fermentation, and to perform the chocolate sensorial characterization. According to the results obtained, different volatile compounds were identified in fermented beans and in the chocolate produced. Bitterness was the dominant taste found in non-inoculated chocolate, while chocolate made with inoculated beans showed bitter, sweet, and cocoa tastes. 2,3-Butanediol and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine were considered as volatile compounds making the difference on the flavour of both chocolates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CCMA 0200, Lactobacillus plantarum CCMA 0238, and Acetobacter pasteurianus CCMA 0241 are proposed as starter cultures for cocoa fermentation.Cledir Santos thanks the Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) for the partial funding from Project DIUFRO DI16-0135. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Brazilian Agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), and the samples obtained from the Fazendas Reunidas Vale do Juliana (Igrapiuna, Bahia, Brazil).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E LABORATORIAL DA DERMATITE ATÓPICA CANINA

The canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory skin disease, chronic itchy that affects genetically predisposed individuals, being commonly associated with production of IgE antibodies. The aim of this study was to describe a case of CAD, evidencing its clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. A Wood lamp, skin deep scraping, skin imprint, fungal and bacterial culture, ear cytology, serological examination for canine visceral leishmaniasis (LVC) and allergen sensitivity test were performed. The animal presented a series of disseminated dermatological lesions accompanied by intense pruritus, where it is possible to observe presences of secondary infections by bacteria and yeasts fungi. Thus, it was decided to topical treatment with shampoo chlorhexidine base 2% associated with miconazole 2.5% and use moisturizer. For bilateral otitis, otologic solution of cyclopirox olamine 1% and glycyrrhizic acid 0.5% was prescribed. After negative response to the initial treatment, the oral use of prednisolone associated with hydroxyzine and soon after cyclosporine was introduced, and clinical control was performed. Although several therapeutic alternatives are available, cure is still not possible, and lesion control is the best treatment approach.A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatopatia inflamatória, crônica e pruriginosa que afeta indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, sendo comumente associada à produção de anticorpos do tipo IgE. O presente relato objetivou descrever um caso de DAC, evidenciando seus sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e tratamento. Foram realizados teste com lâmpada de Wood, raspado profundo de pele, imprint cutâneo, cultura fúngica e bacteriana, citologia de ouvido, exame sorológico para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) e teste de sensibilidade a alérgenos. O paciente apresentava uma série de lesões dermatológicos disseminadas acompanhadas de prurido intenso, onde pode-se observar presenças de infecções secundárias por bactérias e leveduras fúngicas. Dessa forma, optou-se por tratamento tópico com shampoo a base de clorexidina 2% associado a miconazol 2,5% e uso de creme hidratante. Para otite bilateral, prescreveu-se solução otológica de ciclopirox olamina 1% e ácido glicirrízico 0,5%. Após resposta negativa ao tratamento inicial, introduziu-se o uso oral de prednisolona associado à hidroxizina e logo depois a ciclosporina, ocorrendo um controle do quadro. Embora várias alternativas terapêuticas estejam disponíveis, a cura ainda não é possível, sendo o controle do quadro lesional a melhor abordagem de tratamento

Educomunicação e diversidade: múltiplas abordagens

Esta coletânea de capítulos intitulada “Educomunicação e Diversidade: múltiplas abordagens” reúne estudos apresentados no VI Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação e III EducomSul, realizado em Porto Alegre em 2015. Nessa obra, percebe-se que as dimensões interculturais, transversais e cidadãs suscitadas pela educomunicação vêm contribuindo para o aumento de intervenções comunicacionais diversas, em termos de linguagens e de conteúdos, em práticas educativas formais e não formais. Denotando a diversidade como uma área em expansão na educomunicação

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Nematode parasites of marsupials and small rodents from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-17T14:04:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCruz_JoaquimVicente_etal_IOC_2003.pdf: 256372 bytes, checksum: d4539ac458c28ff91d0fd35068b96854 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-17T14:09:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCruz_JoaquimVicente_etal_IOC_2003.pdf: 256372 bytes, checksum: d4539ac458c28ff91d0fd35068b96854 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-17T14:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCruz_JoaquimVicente_etal_IOC_2003.pdf: 256372 bytes, checksum: d4539ac458c28ff91d0fd35068b96854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Helmintologia. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Helmintologia. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Helmintologia. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Helmintologia. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Nematodes from opossums and rodents captured in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. From the opossums Didelphis aurita Weid-Neuweid, 1826 and Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) the following nematode species were recovered: Viannaia hamata Travassos, 1914, Aspidodera raillieti Travassos, 1913, Cruzia tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819), Travassos, 1917, Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1919, Gongylonemoides marsupialis (Vaz & Pereira, 1934) Freitas & Lent, 1937, Viannaia viannai Travassos, 1914, Spirura guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924) Chitwood, 1938 and from the rodents Akodon cursor (Winger, 1887), Nectomys squamipes (Brants, 1827), Oligoryzomys eliurus (Wagner, 1845) and Oryzomys intermedius (Leche, 1886): Hassalstrongylus epsilon (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971, Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Seurat, 1916, S. venteli Travassos, 1937, Physaloptera bispiculata Vaz & Pereira, 1935, Litomosoides carinii (Travassos, 1919) Vaz, 1934, Viannaia viannai, Hassalstrongylus epsilon, H. zeta (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971, Stilestrongylus aculeata (Travassos, 1918) Durette-Desset, 1971 S. eta (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971. Highest worm burdens and prevalences were those related to Cruzia tentaculata in marsupials. Stilestrongylus aculeata was referred for the first time in Akodon cursor

Ruthenium Complexes Containing Heterocyclic Thioamidates Trigger Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis Through MAPK Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-08-12T11:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, P. S. Ruthenium.pdf: 14036538 bytes, checksum: 79f785f779926c39ce5fc9242f9ee9a8 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-08-12T12:18:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, P. S. Ruthenium.pdf: 14036538 bytes, checksum: 79f785f779926c39ce5fc9242f9ee9a8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T12:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, P. S. Ruthenium.pdf: 14036538 bytes, checksum: 79f785f779926c39ce5fc9242f9ee9a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Brazilian agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP).Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Federal University of São Carlos. Department of Chemistry. São Carlos, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Federal University of Bahia. Institute of Health Sciences. Department of Biomorphology. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Federal University of São Carlos. Department of Chemistry. São Carlos, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Herein, ruthenium complexes containing heterocyclic thioamidates [Ru(mmi)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (1), [Ru(tzdt)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (2), [Ru(dmp)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (3) and [Ru(mpca)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (4) were investigated for their cellular and molecular effects in cancer cell lines. Complexes 1 and 2 were the most potent of the four compounds against a panel of different cancer cell lines in monolayer cultures and showed potent cytotoxicity in a 3D model of multicellular spheroids that formed from human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. In addition, both complexes were able to bind to DNA in a calf thymus DNA model. Compared to the controls, a reduction in cell proliferation, phosphatidylserine externalization, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential were observed in HepG2 cells that were treated with these complexes. Additionally, coincubation with a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK) reduced the levels of apoptosis that were induced by these compounds compared to those in the negative controls, indicating that cell death through apoptosis occurred via a caspase-dependent pathway. Moreover, these complexes also induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and coincubation with an MEK inhibitor (U0126), which is known to inhibit the activation of ERK1/2, but not JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK inhibitors, reduced the complexes-induced apoptosis compared to that in the negative controls, indicating that the induction of apoptotic cell death occurred through ERK1/2 signaling in HepG2 cells. On the other hand, no increase in oxidative stress was observed in HepG2 cells treated with the complexes, and the complexes-induced apoptosis was not reduced with coincubation with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or a p53 inhibitor compared to that in the negative controls, indicating that apoptosis occurred via oxidative stress- and p53-independent pathways. Finally, these complexes also reduced the growth of HepG2 cells that were engrafted in C.B-17 SCID mice compared to that in the negative controls. These results indicated that these complexes are novel anticancer drug candidates for liver cancer treatment