El campo en la ciudad : representaciones y experiencias de los "fematers" en sus recorridos por Valencia (1878-1960)

Este artículo analiza, por un lado, cómo eran percibidas las relaciones entre l'Horta y la ciudad de Valencia por las autoridades municipales y la prensa a través de sus representaciones de los fematers (agricultores encargados de la recogida de desperdicios urbanos); y por otro, cómo la última generación de este oficio ha dado sentido a sus recorridos pasados entre el campo y la ciudad. De acuerdo a las fuentes interpretadas (documentación interna consistorial, literatura, prensa y entrevistas orales) son contrastados tres contextos distintos. En primer lugar, el de sus conflictos sociales con el incipiente gobierno blasquista a principios del siglo XX; en segundo lugar, una etapa de malestar agrario generalizado entre la I Guerra Mundial y el trienio bolchevique (1916-1921) y por último, en los albores del desarrollismo franquista en Valencia, etapa en la que desempeñaron su trabajo los fematers entrevistados.Aquest article analitza, d'una banda, com eren percebudes les relacions entre l'Horta i la ciutat de València per les autoritats municipals i la premsa a través de les seves representacions dels fematers (agricultors encarregats de la recollida de deixalles urbanes); i de l'altra, com l'última generació d'aquest ofici ha donat sentit als seus recorreguts passats entre el camp i la ciutat. D'acord amb les fonts interpretades (documentació interna consistorial, literatura, premsa i entrevistes orals), són contrastats tres contextos diferents. En primer lloc, el dels seus conflictes socials amb l'incipient govern blasquista a principis del segle XX; en segon lloc, una etapa de malestar agrari generalitzat entre la I Guerra Mundial i el trienni bolxevic (1916-1921) i finalment, als inicis del desenrotllisme franquista a València, etapa quan van exercir el seu treball els fematers entrevistats.This article, on the one hand, analyses how relations between the city of València and l'Horta, through its representation in the form of fematers (peasants in charge of urban waste collection), were perceived by the municipal authorities and the press. On the other, it examines how the latest generation of this profession has given meaning to its past journeys between the countryside and the city. Based on the sources employed (city council reports, literature, press and oral interviews), three different contexts are contrasted: firstly, their social conflicts with the incipient Blasquist government at the beginning of the 20th century; secondly, the period of widespread agrarian unrest between the First World War and the Bolshevik triennium (1916-1921); and finally, at the dawn of Francoist developmentalism in València, the period in which the fematers interviewed were carrying out their work

València en la Restauración: reformas y percepciones sociales del espacio urbano (1875-1910)

Esta tesis doctoral trata sobre la relación entre las reformas urbanas que experimentó València entre 1875 y 1910 con las percepciones espaciales de diversos grupos sociales que vivían, trabajaban en ella, la representaban y gobernaban. En concreto, explora cómo influyeron distintas maneras mediáticas y literarias de sentir y representar el espacio y el conflicto social en la ciudad en los proyectos de reforma urbana de València y, en concreto, en su casco histórico. Al igual que otras urbes europeas y españolas, las élites políticas y arquitectónicas de la ciudad del Turia plantearon la construcción de grandes vías e infraestructuras municipales, así como el derribo de barrios céntricos. En este sentido, sugiere que estas iniciativas, justificadas a menudo bajo epítetos higiénicos o circulatorios, pueden contrastarse también con tendencias o corrientes coetáneas de estigmatización social de algunas formas callejeras de vida. Para ello, no cabe perder de vista que se trata de un momento en el que el horizonte de la "cuestión social", la definición de sus sujetos y los conflictos derivados de ella son un objeto de creciente preocupación institucional e intelectual en la ciudad. Asimismo, estos fenómenos estaban desarrollándose en paralelo a una compleja interdependencia de la ciudad con su huerta adyacente. Las labores cotidianas y reivindicaciones de labradoras y labradores en las plazas y mercados de València, así como sus ecos periodísticos, impregnaban el gobierno de "lo urbano". Y además, eran convertidos en el blanco de la imaginación literaria de equilibrios seculares y antagonismos difícilmente manejables. La construcción del movimiento blasquista en el tránsito de siglo como fuerza sociopolítica mayoritaria en la capital del Turia se retroalimentará de algunas de estas cuestiones. Los tópicos de la "invasión" y el "bloqueo" urbano serán reinterpretados en los debates políticos y mediáticos sobre un modelo de ciudad y de pueblo en el horizonte que rompiese con un pasado medievalizado y aquellas apropiaciones socioespaciales identificadas con él en el corazón de la urbe.This PhD thesis examines the relationship between the urban reforms undergone in Valencia between 1875 and 1910 and the spatial perceptions of various social groups which lived, worked, represented and governed it. In particular, it explores how different media and literary approaches to feeling and representing space and social conflict in the city influenced Valencia's urban reform projects and, in particular, its historic centre. Similarly to other European and Spanish cities, the political and architectural elites of the city of Turia proposed the construction of major avenues and municipal infrastructures, as well as the demolition of some old quarters. In this sense, these initiatives, often justified under hygienic or circulatory epithets, can also be compared with contemporary trends or currents of social stigmatisation of certain kinds of street life. For this reason, it should not be overlooked that we are dealing with a moment in which the horizon of the "social question", the definition of its subjects and the conflicts derived from it are an issue of growing institutional and intellectual concern in the city. Likewise, these phenomena were developing alongside a complex interdependence of the city with its agrarian environment. The daily tasks and demands of small farmers in the squares and markets of Valencia, as well as their journalistic echoes, impregnated the governance of "the urban". And moreover, they were converted into the target of the literary imagination of secular balances and antagonisms that were difficult to manage. The construction of the Blasquist movement at the turn of the century as a major socio-political force in the capital of the Turia will be fuelled by some of these matters. The topics of the "invasion" and the urban "blockade" will be reinterpreted in the political and media debates about a model of city and town on the horizon that would break with a medievalised past and those socio-spatial appropriations identified with it in the heart of the city

Agrarian unsettledness in the definition of the «people»: female farmers, fematers and municipal politics in Valencia (1898-1903)

El presente trabajo explora la construcción y los límites del término «pueblo», en su auge como fuerza sociopolítica predominante en Valencia en paralelo a un contexto de conflictividad agraria. Todo ello durante los primeros años con mayorías republicanas al frente de la ciudad. Fematers y vendedoras de los mercados tenían una fuerte vinculación socioeconómica con las plazas y calles de la urbe y protagonizaron un ciclo intermitente de huelgas y movilizaciones entre 1901 y 1903. Introducían demandas relacionadas con el aprovechamiento de su espacio y con sus herramientas de trabajo, prevaliéndose de que el cese de su trabajo suponía un contratiempo para el tráfico comercial, el abastecimiento alimentario y la higiene de la ciudad. Tanto su existencia como sus acciones serían caricaturizadas por las nuevas autoridades republicanas y sus órganos mediáticos. A menudo, el consistorio fue renuente a reconocer la agencia de los grupos sociales movilizados. Pese a ello, las alusiones institucionales y mediáticas al hipotético aislamiento y a la subyugación agraria a las redes caciquiles de la Huerta no impidieron que la corporación intentase entablar negociaciones con los movimientos huelguistas. Un proceso que, progresivamente, iría enmarcado en una disociación entre los labradores de la capital y los pueblos que marcaría el final de las huelgas.This paper explores the construction and limits of the term «people» during their rise, as the predominant socio-political force in Valencia in parallel with a context of agrarian conflict. All this during the first years of republican majorities in the city government. *Fematers and female market vendors had a strong socio-economic link to the squares and streets of the city, and they led an intermittent cycle of strikes and mobilisations from 1901 and 1903. They would introduce demands related to the use of both their space and their work tools, taking advantage of the fact that their shutdown meant a setback for the flow of commercial traffic, food supply and hygiene in the city. Both their existence and their actions were caricatured by the new republican authorities and their media. The city council was often reluctant to acknowledge the agency of the mobilised social groups. Nevertheless, the institutional and media allusions to a hypothetical isolation and agrarian subjugation to the cacique networks of the Huerta did not prevent the corporation from trying to enter into negotiations with the strike movements. That process would gradually lead to divisions between the capital farmers in those of the towns, which would mark the end of the strikes

Regulation of patterned dynamics of local exocytosis in growth cones by netrin-1

Axonal guidance and synaptic specification depends on specific signaling mechanisms that occur in growth cones. While several signaling pathways implicated in cone navigation have been identified, membrane dynamics in growth cones remains largely unknown. We took advantage of SynaptopHluorin and high-speed optical recordings to monitor the patterns of membrane dynamics in rat hippocampal growth cones. We show that exocytosis occurs both at the peripheral and central domains, including filopodia, and that SynaptopHluorin signals occur as spontaneous patterned peaks. Such transients average approximately two per minute and last ∼30 s. We also demonstrate that the chemoattractant Netrin-1 elicits increases in the frequency and slopes of these transients, with peaks averaging up to six per minute in the peripheral domain. Netrin-1-dependent regulation of exocytotic events requires the activation of the Erk1/2 and SFK pathways. Furthermore, we show that domains with high SynaptopHluorin signals correlate with high local calcium concentrations and that local, spontaneous calcium increases are associated with higher SynaptopHluorin signals. These findings demonstrate highly stereotyped, spontaneous transients of local exocytosis in growth cones and that these transients are positively regulated by chemoattractant molecules such as Netrin-1

Development of a textile nanocomposite as naked eye indicator of the exposition to strong acids

[EN] Chemical burns, mainly produced by acids, are a topic of concern. A new sensing material for the detection of strong acids able to be incorporated into textiles has been developed. The material is prepared by the covalent attachment of 2,2 ',4,4 ',4 ''-pentamethoxy triphenyl methanol to a mesoporous material which further is included in a nitro resin to obtain a colourless composite. The response of this composite to diverse acid solutions was tested showing the appearance of an intense purple colour (with a colour difference higher than 160) that can be monitored by the naked eye or could be easily digitised to feed an instrumental sensor. Reversibility and resistance to washing cycles were studied with positive results. Finally, the response of the sensing composite to acid vapours was assayed, observing a colour change similar to that found in solution.The authors thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047).Pallas, I.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Ros-Lis, JV. (2017). Development of a textile nanocomposite as naked eye indicator of the exposition to strong acids. Sensors. 17(9):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092134S112179MCCOY, M. (2008). MADE IN WISCONSIN. Chemical & Engineering News, 86(19), 27. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n019.p027Koh, D.-H., Lee, S.-G., & Kim, H.-C. (2017). Incidence and characteristics of chemical burns. Burns, 43(3), 654-664. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.037Ye, C., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Ni, L., Jiang, R., Liu, L., & Han, C. (2016). Ten-year epidemiology of chemical burns in western Zhejiang Province, China. Burns, 42(3), 668-674. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2015.12.004Ghahremani Honarvar, M., & Latifi, M. (2016). Overview of wearable electronics and smart textiles. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 108(4), 631-652. doi:10.1080/00405000.2016.1177870Stoppa, M., & Chiolerio, A. (2014). Wearable Electronics and Smart Textiles: A Critical Review. Sensors, 14(7), 11957-11992. doi:10.3390/s140711957Van der Schueren, L., & De Clerck, K. (2012). Coloration and application of pH-sensitive dyes on textile materials. Coloration Technology, 128(2), 82-90. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2011.00361.xStaneva, D., Betcheva, R., & Chovelon, J.-M. (2007). Optical sensor for aliphatic amines based on the simultaneous colorimetric and fluorescence responses of smart textile. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106(3), 1950-1956. doi:10.1002/app.26724Steyaert, I., Vancoillie, G., Hoogenboom, R., & De Clerck, K. (2015). Dye immobilization in halochromic nanofibers through blend electrospinning of a dye-containing copolymer and polyamide-6. Polymer Chemistry, 6(14), 2685-2694. doi:10.1039/c5py00060bDe Meyer, T., Steyaert, I., Hemelsoet, K., Hoogenboom, R., Van Speybroeck, V., & De Clerck, K. (2016). Halochromic properties of sulfonphthaleine dyes in a textile environment: The influence of substituents. Dyes and Pigments, 124, 249-257. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.09.007Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2003). Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Chemosensors and Reagents for Anions. Chemical Reviews, 103(11), 4419-4476. doi:10.1021/cr010421eQuang, D. T., & Kim, J. S. (2010). Fluoro- and Chromogenic Chemodosimeters for Heavy Metal Ion Detection in Solution and Biospecimens. Chemical Reviews, 110(10), 6280-6301. doi:10.1021/cr100154pZhang, X., Yin, J., & Yoon, J. (2014). Recent Advances in Development of Chiral Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensors. Chemical Reviews, 114(9), 4918-4959. doi:10.1021/cr400568bSalinas, Y., Ros-Lis, J. V., Vivancos, J.-L., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Aucejo, S., … Lorente, I. (2012). Monitoring of chicken meat freshness by means of a colorimetric sensor array. The Analyst, 137(16), 3635. doi:10.1039/c2an35211gEsteban, J., Ros-Lis, J. V., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Moragues, M., Soto, J., & Sancenón, F. (2010). Sensitive and Selective Chromogenic Sensing of Carbon Monoxide by Using Binuclear Rhodium Complexes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(29), 4934-4937. doi:10.1002/anie.201001344Scott, B. J., Wirnsberger, G., & Stucky, G. D. (2001). Mesoporous and Mesostructured Materials for Optical Applications. Chemistry of Materials, 13(10), 3140-3150. doi:10.1021/cm0110730Melde, B., Johnson, B., & Charles, P. (2008). Mesoporous Silicate Materials in Sensing. Sensors, 8(8), 5202-5228. doi:10.3390/s8085202Wagner, T., Haffer, S., Weinberger, C., Klaus, D., & Tiemann, M. (2013). Mesoporous materials as gas sensors. Chem. Soc. Rev., 42(9), 4036-4053. doi:10.1039/c2cs35379bAznar, E., Mondragón, L., Ros-Lis, J. V., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Amorós, P. (2011). Finely Tuned Temperature-Controlled Cargo Release Using Paraffin-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(47), 11172-11175. doi:10.1002/anie.201102756Coll, C., Ros-Lis, J. V., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., & Soto, J. (2010). A new approach for the selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of ionic surfactants in water. J. Mater. Chem., 20(8), 1442-1451. doi:10.1039/b910659fRos-Lis, J. V., Casasús, R., Comes, M., Coll, C., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Rurack, K. (2008). A Mesoporous 3D Hybrid Material with Dual Functionality for Hg2+Detection and Adsorption. Chemistry - A European Journal, 14(27), 8267-8278. doi:10.1002/chem.200800632Sanfeliu, C., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., Puchol, V., Amorós, P., & Marcos, M. D. (2012). Low-cost materials for boron adsorption from water. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(48), 25362. doi:10.1039/c2jm32819dDescalzo, A. B., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Hoffmann, K., & Rurack, K. (2006). The Supramolecular Chemistry of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45(36), 5924-5948. doi:10.1002/anie.200600734Descalzo, A. B., Jimenez, D., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Soto, J., El Haskouri, J., … Borrachero, M. V. (2002). A New Approach to Chemosensors for Anions Using MCM-41 Grafted with Amino Groups. Advanced Materials, 14(13-14), 966-969. doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20020705)14:13/143.0.co;2-

Recent advances on intelligent packaging as tools to reduce food waste

[EN] Food waste is one of the main issues for international organisms. It is not only an ethical and economic issue but it also depletes the environment of limited natural resources. Among strategies suitable for fighting such challenge, intelligent packaging is an interesting tool to reduce waste derived from households and retailers. A revision of 45 recent advances in the area of optical systems for freshness monitoring is reported herein. The study covers fruits, vegetables, fish products and meat since they are the most representative fields of application. Furthermore, a discussion about the main research challenges and opportunities that will be faced by intelligent packaging in the coming years is included. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors thank financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047).Poyatos-Racionero, E.; Ros-Lis, JV.; Vivancos, J.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2018). Recent advances on intelligent packaging as tools to reduce food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production. 172:3398-3409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.075S3398340917

Kinantropometry characteristic of elite baseball players

Introducción: a pesar de que las características antropométricas es uno de los métodos utilizados dentro de la selección de talentos deportivos, son pocos los estudios que han analizado el perfil morfológico del jugador de béisbol de élite. Objetivo: analizar el perfil antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol de élite nacional de forma global y según el puesto ocupado. Material y métodos: Doscientos diecisiete jugadores de béisbol masculino (edad: 23,87 ± 5,32 años) de la División de Honor española participaron en el presente estudio. A todos ellos se les clasificó según su posición de juego y se les realizó una valoración antropométrica. Posteriormente se calculó su somatotipo, composición corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y sumatorio de seis pliegues. Resultados: los jugadores no mostraron diferencias signifi cativas en función de su posición en el campo en la talla, el peso, los pliegues tríceps, subescapular, bíceps, supraespinal, abdominal y pierna, ni en el sumatorio de seis pliegues o el diámetro biestiloideo. Sí que se encontraron diferencias significativas en el pliegue del muslo, perímetros del brazo contraído y pierna y diámetros biepicondíleo del húmero y fémur. Tampoco se hallaron diferencias significativas en el IMC, la composición corporal o el somatotipo. Los valores de endomorfia fueron altos, los de mesomorfia altos o medio-altos y los de ectomorfia bajos, siendo la clasificación del somatotipo mesoendomorfo o endomorfo-mesomorfo según la posición de juego. Conclusión: existe una gran homogeneidad en el perfil antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol según su posición de juego, diferenciándose únicamente en algunas variables antropométricas como perímetros y diámetros.Introduction: Anthropometric characteristics is one of the methods that they have been used in sport talent detection. However, few studies have analyzed the morphological profile of elite baseball player. Objective: To analyze the anthropometric profile of elite Spanish baseball players, classified by playing positions and globally. Material and methods: Two hundred and seventeen male baseball players (age: 23.87 ± 5.32 years) from Spanish Honor Division participated in this study. Athletes were classified based on their playing position. Anthropometric variables were measured and somatotype, body composition, body mass index (BMI) and six skinfolds sum were calculated. Results: Players did not show significant differences based on their playing position in stretch stature; body mass; triceps, subscapular, biceps, supraspinale, abdominal and medial calf skinfolds; six skinfold sum; and wrist (bi-styloid) bone breadth. There were significant differences in front thigh skinfold, arm flexed and tensed and calf girths, humerus (biepicondylar) and femur (biepicondylar) bone breadths; BMI, body composition and somatotype. Endomorphy showed a high value, mesomorphy a high or medium-high values and ectomorphy a low value. Generally, athletes showed a mesomorphic endomorph and mesomorph-endomorph somatotype, depends on the playing position. Conclusion: Baseball players of all the playing positions showed a high homogeneity in the anthropometric profile. There were only few differences in some anthropometric variables such as girths and bone breaths.Actividad Física y Deport

BvCOLD1: A novel aquaporin from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) involved in boron homeostasis and abiotic stress

[EN] In this report we have identified BvCOLD1, a novel aquaporin from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) which is only conserved in the Chenopodioideae family. BvCOLD1 is expressed in all plant organs investigated and located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Transport experiments in yeast indicated that BvCOLD1 is able to transport glycerol and boron, the most limiting oligoelement for sugar beet cultivation. Overexpression of BvCOLD1 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants conferred tolerance to cold, to different abiotic stresses and the ability to grow under boron limiting conditions, therefore this novel aquaporin may be an important target to design new crops with enhanced boron homeostasis and abiotic stress tolerance.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: BIO2016-77776-P; Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Grant/Award Number: AGL2013-47886-R; Direccion General Investigacion Cientifica; MINECO, Grant/Award Numbers: BIO2014-61826 and BIO2016-77776-P; Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Grant/Award Number: PAID-06-10-1496Porcel, R.; Bustamante-González, AJ.; Ros, R.; Serrano Salom, R.; Mulet, JM. (2018). BvCOLD1: A novel aquaporin from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) involved in boron homeostasis and abiotic stress. 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