Design of a drug administration decision support tool based on decision trees

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un proyecto de investigación basado en la definición de modelos operativos aplicables al procedimiento de administración de medicamentos y el diseño de una herramienta informática básica para la toma de decisiones, que brinde mayor trazabilidad e impacte en la reducción de errores, al mismo tiempo que permita la estimación de probabilidades de ocurrencia de errores durante el proceso a través de árboles de decisión. La herramienta informática y el modelo propuesto fueron validados con personal de enfermería y data real de la clínica colaboradora

Application of work study to process improvement: fruit nectar case

Work study is an extensively used technique for examining the methods to carry out activities in a company and proposing actions for productivity improvement. This paper presents a work-study application to a fruit nectar process inside a food company using 5W1H and ECRS techniques. A critical analysis was conducted in three previously selected activities, according to its improvement potential. Results allowed optimizing distances along the process and improving ergonomic conditions for workers. Savings included a total distance of 10.2 m, two transportation activities and two delays activities per production cycle. Also, the standard time was determined in one of the prioritized activities. Our results demonstrated that work study techniques are tools suitable to be implemented in most economic sectors for productivity improvements. However, the technique itself will not be effective without a commitment from top-level management for implementing the corrective actions proposed

Trends and development of industry 4.0 technologies in healthcare

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las diferentes tendencias y desarrollo de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0 en el sector salud, la cual, se ha consolidado como una tecnología fundamental para optimizar diferentes procedimientos y consolidar procesos, profesionales y centros de salud mucho más eficientes. Así, dichas tecnologías han dado paso a una extensa variedad de productos y servicios inteligentes, reestructurando los límites del ámbito de la salud. En este sentido, el objetivo fundamental es poder identificar cuáles son las tendencias en el desarrollo e implementación de las tecnologías 4.0 en el sector de la salud. Para lograr esto, se utiliza una metodología que consiste en una revisión sistemática de diversas fuentes académicas sobre el tema en cuestión. De esta manera, se destacan distintas aplicaciones y beneficios en el sector salud en el contexto de la industria 4.0 entre las que destacan: generar nuevos métodos para la detección, prevención, tratamiento y diagnóstico de enfermedades y consolidar una mejor atención médica, más exacta y oportuna. Por último, se concluye que la industria 4.0 puede entenderse como una nueva esfera en la cual se han fomentado distintos recursos para aprovechar todo el potencial que ofrece el conjunto de innovaciones tecnológicas en el sector de la salud.This article presents a bibliographic review of the different trends and development of the technologies of the 4.0 industry in the healthcare sector, which, has been consolidated as a fundamental technology to optimize different procedures and to consolidate processes, professionals and much more efficient healthcare centers. Thus, these technologies have given way to a wide variety of intelligent products and services, restructuring the limits of the health field. In this sense, the fundamental objective is to be able to identify the trends in the development and implementation of 4.0 technologies in the health sector. To achieve this, it uses a methodology consisting of a systematic review of various academic sources on the subject in question. Therefore, it highlights different applications and benefits in the health sector in the context of the 4.0 industry, among which are: generating new methods for the detection, prevention, treatment and diagnosis of diseases and consolidating better, more accurate and timely medical care. Finally, it is concluded that industry 4.0 can be understood as a new area in which different resources have been promoted to take advantage of the full potential offered by the set of technological innovations in the health sector

Operations research as a decision-making tool in the health sector: A state of the art

The contributions of Operations Research (OR) in the healthcare field have been extensively studied in the scientific literature since the 1960s, covering decision support tools with operational, tactical, and strategic approaches. The aim of this article is to analyze the historical development of the application of OR models in healthcare. The application trends for optimization, planning, and decision- making models are studied through a descriptive literature review and a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers published between 1952 and 2016. An upward trend in the usage of operational models is observed with the predominance of resource optimization approaches and strategic decision-making for public health.Los aportes de la Investigación de Operaciones (IO) en el campo de la salud han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura científica desde la década de los 60, abarcando el soporte a la decisión en enfoques operacionales, tácticos y estratégicos. Se presenta un resumen del desarrollo histórico de la IO en el campo de la salud y se listan los principales modelos aplicados en los últimos años, identificando el principal enfoque utilizado, y el potencial aporte a la toma de decisiones en el campo de la salud

Implementation of an e.r.p. Inventory module in a small colombian metalworking company

This paper aims to analyze the effect of implementing an inventory module of ERP Openbravo for the reduction of information flow time and customer response time, in a Colombian metalworking company. The processes structure and inventory management practices of the company were characterized and information flow time and customer response time were tested before and after implementing the inventory module. The main results were the reduction of 36% of information flow time and 41% of customer response time, so it can be concluded that obtained success is related to the active involvement of manager and workers’ willingness to change

Experimental design for obtaining compost suitable for agricultural use from Kraft paper sludge

The physicochemical characteristics of paper sludge from the paper industry allow its use in composting for agricultural purposes, becoming a sustainable disposal alternative for this type of waste. The aim of this article is, to define the levels of treatment that allow obtaining compost with recommended percentages of Carbon and Nitrogen for agricultural use, through a design of experiments (DOE). The proportion of paper sludge in the mixture (50% and 75%) and the composting technique (composting and vermicomposting) were defined as experimental factors. It was concluded that the vermicomposting method, accompanied by a high proportion of paper sludge, allows obtaining compost with adequate levels for response variables: % C and % N

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959\,nm at R∼5000, or two shorter ranges at R∼20000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z>2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator

A mixed-integer linear programming model for the cutting stock problem in the steel industry

A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for solving a one dimension cutting stock problem (1D-CSP) in the steel industry. A case study of a metallurgical company is presented and the objective is to minimize waste in the cutting process of steel bars, considering inventory constraints and the potential use of the resulting leftovers. The computational results showed that an optimal solution was always found with an average improvement in waste reduction of 80%. There was no significant difference when comparing results between the complete model and the model without inventory constraints