Diseño de plan de exportación de artesanías talladas en madera hacia Los Ángeles, California. Caso práctico: COARTESS de R.L.

En el presente diseño de plan de exportación de artesanías talladas en madera dirigido hacia Los Ángeles, California para la cooperativa COARTESS DE R.L. se muestran paso a paso los requisitos que se deben cumplir para convertirse en futuros exportadores, este plan está constituido por 7 etapas, mismas que describen cada uno de los procesos que debe seguir la cooperativa para iniciar. En la Etapa 1; se describe el perfil de COARTESS de R.L. constitución, dirección, teléfono, y toda la información general que sirva como forma de contacto. Es necesario que la información este detallada, esta misma servirá para futuros clientes que busquen comunicarse con la cooperativa. Seguido se describe algunos de sus productos mismo que son comercializados dentro del país, COARTESS maneja una amplia gama de productos artesanales que se comercializan localmente, actualmente manejan más de 37 diferentes artículos, entre los que están las artesanías en madera, tejidos, textiles teñidos en añil, bisutería, entre otros. La Etapa 2; muestra el proceso paso a paso para convertirse en exportador, desde los primeros trámites y requisitos que debe cumplir para registrarse en el CIEX, Seguido de las Normativas Técnicas para exportar a Estados Unidos y la documentación que le será solicitada en el proceso de las exportaciones llámese, factura de exportación, certificado de origen, conocimientos de embarque marítimo, declaración de mercancía por ser a Estados Unidos, la lista de empaque, entre otros que se irán presentando a medida vaya exportando el artesano. Se habla también del registro de marca en el país de origen y de destino, mismo que puede realizar antes y durante de iniciar con los tramites, lo más recomendable es que este paso ya se haya finalizado cuando se esté haciendo el papeleo para convertirse en exportador. Para la Etapa 3; se define el Perfil país, correspondiente a Los Ángeles, California. Se brinda toda la información relevante y que sirva de ayuda a la cooperativa para que conozca un poco más del Estado al que desea exportar. La Etapa 4; consiste en el análisis del sector de artesanías comprendido en la competencia local e internacional a la que usted como exportador se verá expuesto, la competencia es muy grande es necesario saber quiénes son su competencia y buscar el valor agregado que los diferencie de ellos. Además, se muestra cuál es su mercado potencial en Los Ángeles, California. Y sus respectivas barreras de entrada y acceso al mercado de los Ángeles. Se agrega, además, un par de sugerencias que como futuro exportador debe considerar al momento de ingresar por medio de la aduana a Estados Unidos su mercancía. La etapa 5; constituye el marketing mix del producto, esto encierra las 4 P´s: Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promoción. La Etapa 6; busca que la cooperativa presente un presupuesto y proyecciones de venta que sirvan para que tengan una idea de lo que estarían exportando al final del ejercicio con las dos líneas de artesanías que busca exportar basado en 5 años. Se toca, además, la forma de financiamiento que se le recomienda a la empresa para que pueda expandir más el taller y los futuros gastos que se presentan en el registro como exportador. Por último, presentamos la Etapa 7; que muestra un cronograma de las actividades que el exportador puede seguir para implementar el plan de exportación. Partiendo de enero

Interdisciplinariedad: Fortalecer las habilidades comunicativas a través de una carrera de observación en el colegio Luis Ángel Arango

En la propuesta de intervención disciplinar se pretende fortalecer las habilidades comunicativas desde un proceso interdisciplinar entre los saberes de Educación Física y Español a través de una actividad lúdico-motriz llamada Carrera de Observación, con la intención de generar aprendizajes significativos que contribuyan a mejorar el desempeño escolar especialmente en la asignatura de Español. La propuesta está planteada para los estudiantes del curso 301 del Colegio Distrital Luis Ángel Arango IED de la localidad de Fontibón, las edades de los estudiantes oscilan entre 8 y 10 años. La propuesta surge al identificar la poca motivación para el trabajo presentado en el asignatura de Español desde las habilidades comunicativas y el gran interés que muestran los estudiantes por la clase de Educación Física, evidenciado no solo por el gusto sino por el buen desempeño académico en la clase; por lo tanto, se trabaja desde el interés de los estudiantes como oportunidad de aprendizaje fortaleciendo las habilidades comunicativas, con la intención de generar ambientes que estimulen el aprendizaje significativo, que contribuyan a mejorar el desempeño académico en la asignatura de español, en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el interés y participación activa del estudiante por la clase. Las fases de investigación son Indagar, diseñar y valorar, utilizando como técnicas de investigación la observación y la revisión documental, entre los instrumentos de recolección de datos se emplean la guía de observación, la lista de cotejo y el relato.In the disciplinary intervention proposal, it is intended to strengthen communication skills from an interdisciplinary process between the knowledge of Physical Education and Spanish through a playful-motor activity called Observation Race, with the intention of generating significant learning that contributes to improve performance. school especially in the subject of Spanish. The proposal is proposed for the students of course 301 of the District School Luis Ángel Arango IED in the town of Fontibón, the ages of the students range between 8 and 10 years. The proposal arises when identifying the little motivation for the work presented in the Spanish subject from the communication skills and the great interest that the students show for the Physical Education class, evidenced not only by the taste but also by the good academic performance in the class. class; therefore, we work from the interest of the students as a learning opportunity, strengthening communication skills, with the intention of generating environments that stimulate meaningful learning, that contribute to improving academic performance in the subject of Spanish, in the process of teaching-learning, the interest and active participation of the student in the class. The research phases are Investigate, design and assess, using observation and documentary review as research techniques, among the data collection instruments the observation guide, the checklist and the story are used

Propuesta con Lineamientos Estratégicos de un Plan de Acción Agroturístico. Estudio de Caso Finca Cumandá. San Francisco de Milagro en la Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador.

The general objective of the article was to design a proposal with strategic guidelines for an agrotourism action plan with a case study: Cumandá farm in San Francisco de Milagro in the Province of Guayas, for this, the elements that make up an action plan are described. strategic to make the development of agrotourism viable and the feasibility for its execution is revealed to cover the demands and needs of tourists and society in Ecuador and the world. In the methodology, the qualitative paradigm was used, case study method, descriptive, interview technique with a key informant and a documentary analysis of previous investigations. As a result, a situational diagnosis of Finca Cumandá was systematized through the SWOT tool (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and the crossing of Porter strategies, plus the proposal of strategic guidelines for an agrotourism action plan. As a conclusion, depending on the objective, the feasibility of the strategic action plan is denoted with a proposed execution schedule with actions that will make possible the development of agrotourism for the Cumandá farm in five execution phases.El artículo tuvo como objetivo general diseñar una propuesta con lineamientos estratégicos de un plan de acción agroturístico con un estudio de caso: Finca Cumandá de San Francisco de Milagro en la Provincia del Guayas, para ello, se describen los elementos que conforman un plan de acción estratégico para viabilizar el desarrollo del agroturístico y se devela la factibilidad para su ejecución a fin de cubrir las demandas y necesidades de los turistas y sociedad del Ecuador y el mundo. En la metodología se empleó el paradigma cualitativo, método estudio de caso, descriptivo, técnica entrevista a un informante clave y un análisis documental de investigaciones anteriores. Como resultado se sistematizó un diagnóstico situacional de la Finca Cumandá mediante la herramienta FODA (fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas) y el cruce de estrategias de Porter, más la propuesta de lineamientos estratégicos para un plan de acción agroturístico. Como conclusión en función al objetivo se denota la factibilidad del plan de acción estratégico con un cronograma de ejecución propuesto con acciones que permitirán viabilizar el desarrollo del agroturismo para la Finca Cumandá en cinco fases de ejecución

Multivariate analysis and extraction of parameters in resistive RAMs using the Quantum Point Contact model

A multivariate analysis of the parameters that characterize the reset process in RRAMs has been performed. The different correlations obtained can help to shed light on the current components that contribute in the Low Resistance State (LRS) of the technology considered. In addition, a screening method for the Quantum Point Contact (QPC) current component is presented. For this purpose the second derivative of the current has been obtained using a novel numerical method which allows determining the QPC model parameters. Once the procedure is completed, a whole RS series of thousands of curves is studied by means of a genetic algorithm. The extracted QPC parameter distributions are characterized in depth to get information about the filamentary pathways associated with LRS in the low voltage conduction regime.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-2-R , MTM2013-47929-P (also supported by the FEDER program)IMB-CNM Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-1-R and TEC2014-54906-JIN (supported by the FEDER program)ENIAC Joint Undertaking-PANACHE project.Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFAB

MicroRNA-181a regulates IFN-γ expression in effector CD8+ T cell differentiation

CD8+ T cells are key players in immunity against intracellular infections and tumors. The main cytokine associated with these protective responses is interferon-γ (IFN-γ), whose production is known to be regulated at the transcriptional level during CD8+ T cell differentiation. Here we found that microRNAs constitute a posttranscriptional brake to IFN-γ expression by CD8+ T cells since the genetic interference with the Dicer processing machinery resulted in the overproduction of IFN-γ by both thymic and peripheral CD8+ T cells. Using a gene reporter mouse for IFN-γ locus activity, we compared the microRNA repertoires associated with the presence or absence of IFN-γ expression. This allowed us to identify a set of candidates, including miR-181a and miR-451, which were functionally tested in overexpression experiments using synthetic mimics in peripheral CD8+ T cell cultures. We found that miR-181a limits IFN-γ production by suppressing the expression of the transcription factor Id2, which in turn promotes the Ifng expression program. Importantly, upon MuHV-4 challenge, miR-181a-deficient mice showed a more vigorous IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cell response and were able to control viral infection significantly more efficiently than control mice. These data collectively establish a novel role for miR-181a in regulating IFN-γ-mediated effector CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a signalling network with immunomodulatory properties, is a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved drug for MS whose mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated; the possibility exists that its therapeutic effects could imply the ECS. With the aim of studying if DMF can modulate the ECS, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 21 healthy donors (HD) and 32 MS patients at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of DMF treatment. MS patients presented lower levels of 2-AG and PEA compared to HD. 2-AG increased at 24 months, reaching HD levels. AEA and PEA remained stable at 12 and 24 months. OEA increased at 12 months and returned to initial levels at 24 months. Patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA3) presented the same modulation over time as EDA3 patients. PEA was modulated differentially between females and males. Our results show that the ECS is dysregulated in MS patients. The increase in 2-AG and OEA during DMF treatment suggests a possible role of DMF in ECS modulation.post-print1392 K

Neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor II in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is a core, currently irreversible pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that leads to a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here, we aimed to study the potential neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in a PD mouse model based on the chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p), which induces loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc). Male C57BL6/J mice (N=36) received a 5-week treatment with MPTP/p (or vehicle) and were co-treated with chronic IGF-II (or saline) from either the beginning of the procedure (plus an additional week, days 1-44) or once the MPTP/p insult was already triggered (days 21-44). Baseline and post-treatment measurements for motor performance in the Rotarod and self-grooming in an Open Field were taken. Likewise, dopaminergic (TH, DAT) and neuroinflammatory-related (GFAP) markers in the SNc and the dorsal striatum were studied by immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed that both early and delayed IGF-II co-treatment were successful in preventing motor and behavioral impairment in the MPTP/p model. Moreover, chronic IGF-II protected against MPTP/p-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc and promoted a significant recovery of dopaminergic activity in the terminals located in the dorsal striatum, further reducing reactive astrocytosis in these brain regions. Thus, we demonstrated the neuroprotective role of IGF-II in a mouse model of PD, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutical target for treating this disease. Funding: UMA18-FEDERJA-004, PID2020-113806RB-I00. Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Interplay of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Fibrosis in Obese Rats

We have evaluated the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in the progression of obesity-related cardiovascular fibrosis. MitoQ (200 µM) was orally administered for 7 weeks to male Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or a control diet (CT, 3.5% fat). Obese animals presented cardiovascular fibrosis accompanied by increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins and profibrotic mediators. These alterations were associated with ER stress activation characterized by enhanced levels (in heart and aorta vs. CT group, respectively) of immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP; 2.1-and 2.6-fold, respectively), protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (PDIA6; 1.9-fold) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP; 1.5- and 1.8-fold, respectively). MitoQ treatment was able to prevent (p < 0.05) these modifications at cardiac and aortic levels. MitoQ (5 nM) and the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4 µM), were able to block the prooxidant and profibrotic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II, 10−6 M) in cardiac and vascular cells. Therefore, the data show a crosstalk between mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress activation, which mediates the development of cardiovascular fibrosis in the context of obesity and in which Ang II can play a relevant role

Association of HLA-B*41:02 with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis) in Spanish individuals irrespective of the HLA-DRB1 status

INTRODUCTION: To determine whether the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B alleles are implicated in the susceptibility to Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in the largest series of Caucasian HSP patients ever assessed for genetic studies. METHODS: The study population was composed of 349 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and the Michel et al. classification criteria, and 335 sex and ethnically matched controls. HLA-B phenotypes were determined by sequencing-based typing (SBT) and analyzed by chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase of HLA-B*41:02 allele in HSP patients when compared with controls was found (8.3% versus 1.5% respectively; p = 0.0001; OR (odds ratio) =5.76 [2.15-19.3]). These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0028). An internal validation also confirmed the susceptibility effect on HSP associated with HLA-B*41:02 (OR = 5.70 [1.98-16.44]). Since a former study described an association between HLA-DRB1*01:03 and HSP susceptibility, we also evaluated the implication of HLA-B*41:02 independently of HLA-DRB1*01:03. Interestingly, the association remained statistically significant (p = 0.0004, OR = 4.97 [1.8-16.9]). No HLA-B association with specific HSP clinical features was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that HLA-B*41:02 is associated with the susceptibility to HSP in Spanish patients irrespective of HLA-DRB1 status