Diseño de un programa para disminuir los síntomas del burnout en los profesionales sanitarios

En los últimos años y sobre todo en los profesionales dedicados al ámbito asistencial, como es el caso del personal sanitario, se ha incrementado el número de casos de profesionales que padecen el síndrome de Burnout o síndrome de estar quemado, debido entre otras cosas al estrés que genera el contacto permanente con los pacientes. En este trabajo se describen los principales factores y variables que generan el síndrome de burnout, y que posteriormente tendremos en cuenta para el diseño del programa, con la finalidad de intentar disminuir los síntomas generadores de éste y crear un perfil específico que atienda individualmente al profesional sanitario

Coupled electric and magnetic dipole formulation for planar arrays of dipolar particles: metasurfaces with various electric and/or magnetic meta-atoms per unit cell

The optical properties of infinite planar array of scattering particles, metasurfaces and metagratings, are attracting special attention lately for their rich phenomenology, including both plasmonic and high-refractive-index dielectric meta-atoms with a variety of electric and magnetic resonant responses. Herein we derive a coupled electric and magnetic dipole (CEMD) analytical formulation to describe the reflection and transmission of such periodic arrays, including specular and diffractive orders, valid in the spectral regimes where only dipolar multipoles are needed. Electric and/or magnetic dipoles with all three orientations arising in turn from a single or various meta-atoms per unit cell are considered. The 2D lattice Green function is rewritten in terms of a 1D (chain) version that fully converges and can be easily calculated. Modes emerging as poles of such lattice Green function can be extracted. This formulation can be applied to investigate a wealth of plasmonic, all-dielectric, and hybrid metasurfaces/metagratings of interest throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Fuzzy logic in the design of public policies: application of law

This paper presents a methodological proposal in the field of uncertainty management, FuzzyLogic, to support efficient and effective decision-making in the field of Legal Sciences. We aim to contribute to provide more elements to a better guidance in law application. We apply the methodology to assign a sanction in years of imprisonment to a given felony; in this case to parricide. This work aims to foster the design of new public policies to qualify the sentences of felonies in all areas of justice in order to establish databases of felonies characterizations to provide the judge a greater number of elements to make more deficient and effective decisions

Do online quizzes enhance performance in a summative assessment? An experience in the area of accounting

Son muchas las ventajas de los cuestionarios online como herramienta de evaluación. Pero, como todas las actividades desarrolladas a través de plataformas virtuales, escapan al control del docente, lo que podría reducir su eficacia si no se diseñan adecuadamente (Humphrey y Beard, 2014: 250). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia en una asignatura de contabilidad con un sistema de evaluación que combina la evaluación continua mediante cuestionarios online y exámenes parciales con el tradicional examen final, y analizar si los cuestionarios online tienen un efecto en el rendimiento académico incremental al de los exámenes parciales. Se implementa el procedimiento de Heckman para analizar la relación entre el rendimiento en las distintas actividades de evaluación continua y el rendimiento en el examen final, utilizando datos de tres años académicos. Los resultados sugieren que el rendimiento en los cuestionarios online está positiva y significativamente relacionado con el rendimiento en el examen final, aunque su efecto marginal es menor que el de los exámenes parciales. La relación solo se observa para los estudiantes que aprueban el examen y en las partes que contienen preguntas del mismo tipo que los cuestionarios. Curiosamente, una encuesta revela que los estudiantes perciben los cuestionarios online como el elemento de la asignatura que más contribuye a su aprendizajeThe use of online quizzes as assessment tool provides significant advantages. However, similar to other tools implemented through virtual learning software, they are beyond the control of the lecturers. This fact might cast doubts on their effectiveness unless both activity and software were properly designed (Humphrey y Beard, 2014: 250). The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) describing the experience carried out in an accounting course where two continuous assessment tools (online quizzes and midterm face-to-face exams) are combined with the traditional final exam; (2) examining whether the online quizzes have an incremental effect on the academic performance to that of the midterm exams. To analyze the association between performance in continuous assessment activities and performance in the final exam, Heckman procedure has been implemented using data of three years. The results suggest that the online quizzes performance is positively and significantly related to the performance in the final exam, although the marginal effect is lower than that of the performance in the midterm face-to-face exams. This relation is found only in the group of students who pass the final exam, and in the parts of the exam that contain identical type of questions to online quizzes. Interestingly, the results of a survey reveal that students perceive the online quizzes as the element of the course that enhances most to their learning

Agreement between two photoplethysmography-based wearable devices for monitoring heart rate during different physical activity situations : a new analysis methodology

Wearables are being increasingly used to monitor heart rate (HR). However, their usefulness for analyzing continuous HR in research or at clinical level is questionable. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of agreement between different wearables in the measurement of HR based on photoplethysmography, according to different body positions and physical activity levels, and compared to a gold-standard ECG. The proposed method measures agreement among several time scales since different wearables obtain HR at different sampling rates. Eighteen university students (10 men, 8 women; 22 ± 2.45 years old) participated in a laboratory study. Participants simultaneously wore an Apple Watch and a Polar Vantage watch. ECG was measured using a BIOPAC system. HR was recorded continuously and simultaneously by the three devices, for consecutive 5-min periods in 4 different situations: lying supine, sitting, standing and walking at 4 km/h on a treadmill. HR estimations were obtained with the maximum precision offered by the software of each device and compared by averaging in several time scales, since the wearables obtained HR at different sampling rates, although results are more detailed for 5 s and 30 s epochs. Bland-Altman (B-A) plots show that there is no noticeable difference between data from the ECG and any of the smartwatches while participants were lying down. In this position, the bias is low when averaging in both 5 s and 30 s. Differently, B-A plots show that there are differences when the situation involves some level of physical activity, especially for shorter epochs. That is, the discrepancy between devices and the ECG was greater when walking on the treadmill and during short time scales. The device showing the biggest discrepancy was the Polar Watch, and the one with the best results was the Apple Watch. We conclude that photoplethysmography-based wearable devices are suitable for monitoring HR averages at regular intervals, especially at rest, but their feasibility is debatable for a continuous analysis of HR for research or clinical purposes, especially when involving some level of physical activity. An important contribution of this work is a new methodology to synchronize and measure the agreement against a gold standard of two or more devices measuring HR at different and not necessarily even paces

Effects of Football Training and Match-Play on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Passive Hip and Ankle Range of Motion during the Competitive Season.

Deficits in hamstring muscle strength and in hip range of motion (ROM) have been considered risk factors for hamstring muscle injuries. However, there is a lack of information on how chronic exposure to regular football training affects hamstring muscle strength and hip ROM. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of football training and competition during a complete season on hamstring muscle strength and hip ROM in football players. A total of 26 semi-professional football players underwent measurements of isometric hamstring muscle strength and passive hip flexion/extension, and internal/external hip rotation (IR/ER) ROM during the football season (pre-season, mid-season, end-season). Compared to pre-season, hamstring muscle strength increased in the dominant (+11.1%, p = 0.002) and non-dominant (+10.5%, p = 0.014) limbs in the mid-season. Compared to mid-season, hamstring strength decreased in the dominant (−9.3%, p = 0.034) limb at end-season. Compared to the pre-season, hip extension ROM decreased in mid-season in the dominant (−31.7%, p = 0.007) and non-dominant (−44.1%, p = 0.004) limbs, and further decreased at end-season (−49.0%, p = 0.006 and −68.0%, p < 0.001) for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Interlimb asymmetry for hip IR ROM increased by 57.8% (p < 0.002) from pre-season to mid-season. In summary, while hamstring muscle strength increased during the first half of the football season in football players, a progressive reduction in hip extension ROM was observed throughout the season. The reduced hip extension ROM suggests a reduced mobility of the hip flexors, e.g., iliopsoas, produced by the continuous practice of football. Consequently, hip-specific stretching and conditioning exercises programs should be implemented during the football season.post-print577 K

Retrieving physical information of depolarizing systems

Light interaction with material systems may introduce depolarization to the incident light. This phenomenon comes from multiple scattering processes that take place inside the media and strongly depends on the particle characteristics. In the case of botany, plant leaves can be understood as depolarizing systems. A non-contact method to analyze these samples consist of illuminating them with well-known polarized light and study the scattered light to retrieve the physical characteristics of the sample. This physical study can be done by measuring the Mueller matrix of samples, in which the physical information of samples is encoded in their 16 elements and further mathematical treatment is required to extract the information. In the case of scattering systems, the depolarization content carries very valuable information but it is usually not inspected in the botanic field. A way to study depolarized content is by determining the so-called depolarization index P¿, which gives an overall measure of the degree of depolarization of a system but it does not measure possible anisotropic dependence of the depolarization. For instance, a depolarizer equally depolarizing any fully polarized input polarization or a depolarizer that depolarizes them in a strongly heterogenous way, may lead to the same P¿ value. In contrast, the Indices of Polarimetric Purity (IPP) are a group of metrics that further synthesize the depolarizing content, taking into account the anisotropic depolarization. In this work, we describe the main physical characteristics of samples achieved by using these IPP through plant samples. Moreover, we show how IPP highlights some structures hidden in regular intensity measurements, highlighting the potential of these metrics for botanical applications