11 research outputs found

    Adaptation of a neurobehavioral test battery for Thai children

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    Background. Exposure to neurotoxicants is a world wide problem with significant health implications for child development. In spite of higher neurotoxicant exposures, many developing countries do not have established neuropsychological instruments. Objective. This study evalauted the adaptation and reliability of a computer and examiner administered Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) that includes tests of motor speed and dexterity, attention, memory, and visuospatial coordination for use in Thailand. Material and methods. To assess test-retest and alternate form reliability, BARS was administered to 24 healthy, 6-8 year old urban Thai children during two testing sessions two weeks apart. A comparison group of 29 healthy, rural Thai children of similar age and sex completed the BARS as part of another study and comprised a comparison group. Results. Test-retest reliabilities for tests without alternate forms ranged from 0.41 to 0.77, but reliabilities were lower for tests with alternate forms (0.11 to 0.83). Paired t-tests revealed few significant differences in group performance between test administrations. Performance of urban Thai participants was compared to 29 rural Thai participants of similar age and sex. Parental education was significantly greater for urban vs. rural participants, resulting in signficant differences in performance on tests of motor speed. Conclusions. This study supports the use of BARS for epidemiologic studies of neurotoxicants in Thailand, but highlights the sensitivity of these tests to differences in parental education and the need for improved alternate test forms.Wprowadzenie. Nara偶enie na substancje neurotoksyczne jest problemem og贸lno艣wiatowym maj膮cym istotne konsekwencje zdrowotne dla rozwoju dzieci. Wiele pa艅stw rozwijaj膮cych si臋 nie przygotowa艂o narz臋dzi do bada艅 neuropsychologicznych, mimo wyst臋powania du偶ego nara偶enia na substancje o dzia艂aniu neurotoksycznym. Cel bada艅. W badaniach przeprowadzonych przez ankieter贸w z zastosowaniem komputer贸w oceniono przystosowanie i wiarygodno艣膰 testu Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS), kt贸ry obejmuje badanie szybko艣ci i zr臋czno艣ci motorycznej, uwagi, pami臋ci i koordynacji wzrokowej w celu zastosowania w Tajlandii. Materia艂 i metody. W celu oceny wiarygodno艣ci testu BARS metod膮 test-retest i zapisu alternatywnego poddano badaniu 24 zdrowych dzieci tajlandzkich w wieku 6-8 lat zamieszkuj膮cych w mie艣cie. Ponowne badania przeprowadzono w odst臋pie 2 tygodni. Grup臋 por贸wnawcz膮 stanowi艂o 29 zdrowych dzieci mieszkaj膮cych na wsi. Wyniki. Wiarygodno艣膰 poszczeg贸lnych skal badana metod膮 test-retest rozci膮ga艂a si臋 od 0,41 do 0,77. Wiarygodno艣膰 by艂a ni偶sza w przypadku metody zapisu alternatywnego (0,11 do 0,83). Test t dla zmiennych po艂膮czonych wykaza艂 nieliczne r贸偶nice pomi臋dzy wynikami grupy w dw贸ch badaniach. Por贸wnanie wynik贸w uzyskanych przez dzieci tajlandzkie mieszkaj膮ce w miastach i na wsi wykaza艂o wp艂yw wykszta艂cenia rodzic贸w, kt贸re by艂o znacz膮co wy偶sze u tych pierwszych. Wnioski. Badania potwierdzaj膮 u偶yteczno艣膰 testu BARS do bada艅 epidemiologicznych substancji neurotoksycznych w Tajlandii, ale uwydatni艂y czu艂o艣膰 testu na r贸偶nice w wykszta艂ceniu rodzic贸w i potrzeb膮 polepszenia zapisu alternatywnego testu

    Potential Risk of Acrylamide Formation in Different Cultivars of Amaranth and Quinoa

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    Acrylamide (AA), a potential human carcinogen, is formed in strongly heated carbohydrate-rich food as a part of the Maillard-reaction. The amino acid asparagine (Asn) and reducing sugars are considered to be the main precursors for AA formation. So far, research in AA has mainly focused on potato and cereal products, indicating the relevance of species, cultivars, amount of N fertilizer, and climatic conditions. Potential additional sources of acrylamide in food products might be pseudocereal grains (e.g. amaranth, quinoa). As amaranth and quinoa are often cultivated as cash crops in organic production systems, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of acrylamide formation in different amaranth and quinoa cultivars. Grain samples were collected from field trials in Germany and Austria consisting of 6 amaranth and 3 quinoa cultivars. The results indicated significant differences in the potential for acrylamide formation of quinoa cultivars and also slight differences between tested amaranth cultivars. It is obvious that the selection of cultivars with a low AA formation potential would offer a suitable strategy for the minimization of AA in foodstuffs
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