49 research outputs found

    Sind Zeitungsleser "bessere" EuropÀer? Eine SekundÀranalyse von Daten des Eurobarometers

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    Die Autorin geht in ihrer Studie der Frage nach, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen der EU-bezogenen Berichterstattung in verschiedenen Medien und dem 'EuropĂ€isierungsgrad' der Nutzer dieser Medienarten besteht. Sie legt mit der Definition von Öffentlichkeit als Kommunikationssystem ein Konzept zugrunde, das von JĂŒrgen Gerhards und Friedhelm Neidhardt als 'Arena-Galerie-Modell' bezeichnet wurde. Sie verstehen moderne Gesellschaften in Anlehnung an die Systemtheorie als funktional ausdifferenzierte Systeme, die in verschiedene Teilsysteme mit jeweils eigenen Kommunikationscodes gegliedert sind. Die politische Öffentlichkeit fungiert nach diesem Modell als Vermittlungssystem zwischen politischem System und BĂŒrgern und besteht aus Arenen und Galerien, auf denen sich spezifische Leistungs- und Klientelrollen entwickeln. Eine politische Öffentlichkeit mĂŒsste es diesen Überlegungen zufolge den europĂ€ischen BĂŒrgern ermöglichen, von den Galerien aus das politische Geschehen in der EU so zu verfolgen, dass sie die politischen Handlungen europĂ€ischer Akteure informiert bewerten und sich der europĂ€ischen Gemeinschaft zugehörig fĂŒhlen können. Anhand von Daten des Eurobarometers aus dem Jahr 2006 werden fĂŒr die LĂ€nder Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, die Niederlande, Spanien und Großbritannien folgende Hypothesen empirisch ĂŒberprĂŒft: (1) Die HĂ€ufigkeit des Lesens von Nachrichten in Tageszeitungen hat einen stĂ€rkeren Effekt auf das Wissen ĂŒber die EuropĂ€ische Union als die HĂ€ufigkeit der Nachrichtennutzung in anderen Medien. (2) QualitĂ€tszeitungsleser identifizieren sich mehr mit der EU als Nutzer anderer Medien. (3) Je höher der Wissensstand ĂŒber die EuropĂ€ische Union ist, desto stĂ€rker ist die Identifikation mit der EU. (ICI2

    Pig manure treatment with housefly (Musca domestica) rearing – an environmental life cycle assessment

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    The largest portion of a product’s environmental impacts and costs of manufacturing and use results from decisions taken in the conceptual design phase long before its market entry. To foster sustainable production patterns, applying life cycle assessment in the early product development stage is gaining importance. Following recent scientific studies on using dipteran fly species for waste management, this paper presents an assessment of two insect-based manure treatment systems. Considering the necessity of manure treatment in regions with concentrated animal operations, reducing excess manure volumes with the means of insects presents a potentially convenient method to combine waste reduction and nutrient recovery. An analytical comparison of rearing houseflies on fresh and pre-treated pig manure is reported with reference to agricultural land occupation, water and fossil depletion potential. Based on ex-ante modelled industrial scale rearing systems, the driving factors of performance and environmentally sensitive aspects of the rearing process have been assessed. Expressed per kg manure dry matter reduction, the estimated agricultural land occupation varied between 1.4 and 2.7 m2yr, fossil depletion potential ranged from 1.9 to 3.4 kgoil eq and the obtained water depletion potential was calculated from 36.4 to 65.6 m3. System improvement potential was identified for heating related energy usage and water consumption. The geographical context and the utility of the co-products, i.e. residue substrates and insect products, were determined as influential variables to the application potential of this novel manure treatment concept. The results of this study, applied at the earliest stages of the design of the process, assist evaluation of the feasibility of such a system and provide guidance for future research and development activities.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 312084 (PROteINSECT)

    New insights into the environmental performanceof perovskite on silicon tandem solar cells a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules

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    LCA studies of perovskite on silicon tandem PST cells have so far been heavily reliant on laboratory data and process data from test facilities to project environmental impacts, producing results that differ significantly from one another. This paper reports on potential environmental impacts of an industrially manufactured PST module. Based on process data from a volume manufacturing line in Brandenburg, Germany, a comprehensive life cycle assessment LCA was performed using the ReCiPe 2016 v1.1 method. The production of one module was estimated with a global warming potential GWP of 434 kg CO2 eq., terrestrial ecotoxicity potential of 598 kg 1,4 DB eq., freshwater consumption FWC of 14 m3, and fossil and metal depletion potential FDP and MDP of 164 kg oil eq. and 2034 g Cu eq., respectively. In line with other studies, the environmental performance of the PST module was largely influenced by the amount of energy consumed in the course of production, making the silicon wafer production the determining process step in most impact categories considered. Exceptions were found with the metal depletion potential MDP and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential TETP , where copper, aluminum and float glass implemented in the cell manufacturing and module production process decisively determined the impacts of production. The built in lead, on the other hand, had no significant influence on the result of the toxicity specific impact categories in ReCiPe, even if complete lead emission was assumed. The results were also analysed and compared to those of a silicon hetero junction solar cell SHJ module, modelled analogously to the PST production process. While we found the overall environmental impact of the PST module per piece to be higher than that of the SHJ module in most impact categories up to 7 due to the additional process steps, a comparison made on the basis of kW h produced shows advantages for the PST module with 6 18 across all impact categories, as a higher efficiency overcompensates the higher environmental burden of production, assuming the same lifetime for both module

    Life cycle cost assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa

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    While there is a growing body of research investigating the technical feasibility and nutritional properties of insect based feeds (IBFs), thus far little attention has been devoted to gauge the economic implications of implementation. This study has investigated the economic performance of ex-ante modelled IBF production systems operating in the geographical context of West Africa. A Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of recently published life cycle inventory (LCI) data served as a basis to analyse and compare the economic performances of IBF production systems using Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates. To gauge the application potential of IBF in West Africa, estimated breakeven sale prices of IBFs were benchmarked against the customary market prices of conventional feeds. The results show that the economic performance of IBF production in West Africa is largely determined by the costs attributed to labour and the procurement of rearing substrates, attesting economic advantages to the production of M. domestica larvae by measure of breakeven price (1.28–1.74 EUR/kg IBF) and LCC (1.72–1.99 EUR/kg IBF). A comparison of the breakeven sale prices of IBF with market prices of conventional feeds suggest that IBF has potential to substitute imported fishmeal, but findings offer no support for conjectured economic advantages over plant based feeds

    Implementing Insect Production in Agricultural Value Chains: An ex-ante life cycle evaluation

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    RĂ©sumĂ© Une demande croissante sans cesse de produits alimentaires Ă  base d’animaux influence la productivitĂ© des systĂšmes mondiaux de production alimentaire, et des mesures indispensables pour freiner la dĂ©gradation de l’environnement promettent des effets similaires. Si les scĂ©narios de demande future peuvent ĂȘtre satisfaits de maniĂšre durable, cela dĂ©pend notamment de la possibilitĂ© de rĂ©duire de maniĂšre significative l'impact de l'aquaculture et de l'Ă©levage sur l'environnement. Des recherches rĂ©centes suggĂšrent que l'utilisation d'aliments Ă  base d'insectes (IBF) pourrait apporter une contribution significative Ă  cet Ă©gard, et des arguments valables sont avancĂ©s pour soutenir cette hypothĂšse. Les larves de mouches, comme celles des mouches domestiques (Musca domestica) ou des mouches soldat noir (Hermetia illucens), sont en mesure de puiser des nutriments dans un large Ă©ventail de ressources organiques, y compris celles impropres Ă  la consommation humaine. Cela crĂ©e la possibilitĂ© de convertir (et de rĂ©duire considĂ©rablement) les dĂ©chets organiques de faible valeur, tels que le fumier ou le sang animal, en protĂ©ines de haute qualitĂ© et en Ă©nergie alimentaire, qui se sont avĂ©rĂ©s appropriĂ©s pour nourrir diffĂ©rents poissons d'aquaculture et du bĂ©tail monogastrique.Bien que le concept IBF promet d’importants avantages et ait dĂ©montrĂ© sa faisabilitĂ© technique, il n’existe encore aucun systĂšme Ă©tabli permettant de tester les avantages supposĂ©s en termes de durabilitĂ©. Dans cette thĂšse, nous avons essayĂ© de surmonter cette lacune par la modĂ©lisation de tels systĂšmes. Notre objectif central Ă©tait d'identifier les aspects influençant le potentiel d'application des IBF dans diffĂ©rents contextes gĂ©ographiques et de dĂ©finir des voies d'optimisation pour une mise en Ɠuvre durable. En nous basant sur des donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales recueillies lors d'essais d'Ă©levage menĂ©s en Europe (Espagne et Slovaquie) et en Afrique de l'Ouest (Ghana et Mali), nous avons formulĂ© la conception d'un ensemble de versions de systĂšmes amĂ©liorĂ©s Ă©levant M. domestica et H. illucens sur diffĂ©rents substrats organiques de faible valeur. Les modĂšles de production gĂ©nĂ©riques ont servi comme base d’une analyse du cycle de vie ex ante, dans laquelle nous avons explorĂ© les performances des systĂšmes Ă  l’aide d’analyse du cycle de vie environnementale (ACV) et de l’analyse des coĂ»ts du cycle de vie (ACCV).Les ACVs et ACCVs ont montrĂ© que les performances environnementales et Ă©conomiques des IBF sont largement fonction de l’efficacitĂ© de conversion des systĂšmes, de l’organisation du processus de production (c’est-Ă -dire de l’apport de main-d’Ɠuvre et d’équipements technologiques) et du contexte gĂ©ographique. La combinaison de ces facteurs a fourni des avantages pour les configurations simplistes utilisĂ©es dans la production de M. domestica en Afrique occidentale tropicale dans des conditions de ponte naturelle (c'est-Ă -dire d'inoculation de substrat par le biais de mouches prĂ©sentes Ă  l'Ă©tat naturel). L'inoculation artificielle (c'est-Ă -dire l'inoculation du substrat par le biais de larves nourries provenant d'une colonie d'adultes en captivitĂ©), utilisĂ©e dans la production de H. illucens en Afrique de l'Ouest et de M. domestica dans le sud de l'Espagne, a favorisĂ© une efficacitĂ© de conversion Ă©levĂ©e, mais a augmentĂ© les impacts environnementaux et les coĂ»ts, parce que le systĂšme complexe et l'organisation de processus Ă  forte intensitĂ© de main-d'Ɠuvre ont considĂ©rablement accru les intrants de main-d'Ɠuvre et d'infrastructures de production.Une comparaison avec des aliments conventionnels riches en protĂ©ines a mis en Ă©vidence des inconvĂ©nients environnementaux et Ă©conomiques pour les modĂšles de production actuels des IBF, notamment en ce qui concerne les aliments vĂ©gĂ©taux (par exemple, le tourteau de soja). Les disparitĂ©s entre les alimentations IBF et conventionnelles reflĂštent l’utilisation des capacitĂ©s sub-optimaux des systĂšmes (effet d’économie d’échelle insuffisant), ainsi que la perte d’énergie et de biomasse le long de la chaĂźne trophique (producteurs autotrophes vs consommateurs hĂ©tĂ©rotrophes). Les rĂ©sultats soulĂšvent des doutes lĂ©gitimes sur les avantages en termes de durabilitĂ© d’une mise en Ɠuvre d'insectes dans les chaĂźnes de valeur agricoles actuelles. Le succĂšs commercial dĂ©pend en grande partie du niveau de salaire spĂ©cifique au contexte, des prix des substrats d'Ă©levage et de la maniĂšre dont les marchĂ©s Ă©valuent les multiples fonctions que les insectes sont capables de fournir. S'agissant de la performance environnementale, nos rĂ©sultats nous amĂšnent Ă  conclure que la production d'IBF ne prĂ©sente aucun avantage par rapport aux aliments conventionnels.L’évaluation de systĂšmes de production encore hypothĂ©tiques impliquait une bonne quantitĂ© d’hypothĂšses et d’approximations. Étant donnĂ© ces multiples sources d'incertitude et compte tenu du fait que seul un nombre limitĂ© de conceptions de systĂšmes possibles sont prises en compte, les dĂ©clarations sur le potentiel d'application d'IBF n'ont aucune validitĂ© universelle et doivent ĂȘtre interprĂ©tĂ©es avec prudence. Cependant, nos rĂ©sultats contribuent Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension des facteurs influant sur le potentiel d’application des systĂšmes de production d’insectes et constituent un point de rĂ©fĂ©rence prĂ©cieux pour les discussions scientifiques et les activitĂ©s de recherche et dĂ©veloppement futures visant Ă  mettre en place des modes de production alimentaire durables.Bien que nos recherches n’apportent aucun soutien aux avantages environnementaux ou Ă©conomiques supposĂ©s de l’utilisation d’insectes dans l’alimentation animale, il est possible que leur utilisation comme aliment destinĂ© Ă  la consommation humaine directe (c’est-Ă -dire comme substitut possible aux produits Ă  base de poisson et de viande) constitue une solution durable aux problĂšmes actuels et futurs. Nous recommandons donc aux recherches futures de se concentrer sur les techniques permettant d'exploiter les insectes comme nourriture.Doctorat en SciencesThere are a few details that I could not specify in the available input fields. I would like to ask you kindly to add the following information: (1) Prof. Erik Mathijs (KUL) is my second co-supervisor; (2) Next to the Jury members listed, there are Prof. Matthias Finkbeiner (TU Berlin) and Prof. Theo Niewold (KU Leuven), which I could not enter manually.info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    Implementing Insect Production in Agricultural Value Chains - An ex-ante life cycle evaluation

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    An ever-growing demand for animal based food products is affecting the productivity of global food production systems, and urgently needed measures to curb further environmental degradation promise similar effects. Whether future demand scenarios can be met sustainably, depends not least on whether it is possible to significantly reduce the environmental impact of aquaculture and livestock production. Recent research suggests that the use of insect based feeds (IBFs) could make a significant contribution in this regard, and in fact valid arguments are put forward to support this conjecture. Fly larvae, like those of houseflies (Musca domestica) or black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens), are able to source nutrients from a wide range of different organic resources, including those unsuitable for human consumption. This creates the opportunity to convert (and significantly reduce) low-value organic wastes, such as manure or animal blood, into high-quality proteins and dietary energy, proven to be suitable for feeding different aquaculture fish and monogastric livestock. Although the IBF concept promises great benefits and has demonstrated its technical feasibility, there are as of yet no established systems by which conjectured sustainability benefits could be tested. In this thesis we tried to overcome this shortcoming by modelling such systems. Our central objective was to identify the aspects influencing the application potential of IBFs in different geographical contexts and delineate optimization pathways for a sustainable implementation. Drawing on experimental data gathered from rearing trials in Europe (Spain and Slovakia) and West Africa (Ghana and Mali), we formulated the design of a set of up-scaled system versions rearing M. domestica and H. illucens on different low-value organic substrates. The generic production models served as a basis for an ex-ante life cycle analysis, in which we explored the systems' performances using environmental life cycle assessments (LCAs) and life cycle costing (LCC). The LCC and LCA analysis showed that the environmental and economic performance of IBFs are largely a function of the systems' conversion efficiency, the organisation of the production process (i.e., input of labour and technological equipment), and the geographical context. The combination of these factors provided advantages for the simplistic setups used in the production of M. domestica under conditions of natural oviposition (i.e., substrate inoculation through naturally occurring flies) in tropical West Africa. Artificial inoculation (i.e., substrate inoculation through nurtured larvae from a captive adult colony), driving the production of H. illucens in West Africa and M. domestica in Southern Spain, facilitated a high conversion efficiency but raised environmental impacts and costs, as the complex system setup and labour intensive process organisation substantially increased inputs of labour and production infrastructure. A benchmark comparison with conventional protein-rich feeds pointed towards environmental and economic disadvantages of current IBF production designs, especially in reference to plant based feeds (e.g., soybean meal). The disparities between IBF and conventional feeds mirror the systems' sub-standard capacity utilisation (insufficient economy of scale effect), as well as the loss of energy and biomass along the trophic chain (autotroph producers vs. heterotroph consumers). These findings raise legitimate doubts as to whether an implementation of insects in present agricultural value chains offers any sustainability benefits compared to conventional feeds. Commercial success greatly depends on the site-specific wage level, the prices of rearing substrates and how markets rate the multiple functions insects are capable to deliver. As it concerns the environmental performance, our results lead us to conclude that the production of IBFs offers no advantages over conventional feeds. The assessment of yet hypothetical production systems involved a fair amount of assumptions and approximations. Given these multiple sources of uncertainty, and taking into account that only a limited number of possible system designs are considered, statements on the application potential of IBF hold no universal validity and should be interpreted with caution. However, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing the application potential of insect production systems and serve as a valuable point of reference for scientific discussions and future research and development activities aiming for sustainable food production patterns. While our research offers no support for conjectured environmental or economic advantages of using insects as feed, it might be that their use as food for direct human consumption (i.e., as a possible substitute for fish and meat products) provides a sustainable solution to current and future food problems. We therefore advise future research to focus on techniques enabling the exploitation of insects as food.status: publishe
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