Metastability and HP metamorphism at fluid deficient conditions, an example from the Bergen Arcs (Western Norway)

In the Lindæs Nappe, Bergen Arcs Western Norway, Precambrian granulites facies anorthosites (P<10 kbars, T=800°C) and their Caledonian eclogite (P<17 kbars, T=700°C) and amphibolite facies equivalents alternate on meter scale. It has recently been suggested by Camacho et al. (2005) that the granulite facies anorthosites, remained at low temperatures (350°C) and were only locally heated to 700°C and reacted to eclogites by spasmodic hot fluids. This is in contrast to previously published models (Austrheim 1987) where the fluid-triggered mineral reactions in a terrain that was at 700°C during the Caledonian Orogeny. In the latter model the dry granulites metastably survive the Caledonian HP/HT metamorphic event at 425 Ma...conferenc

Quality of life of women living with metastatic breast cancer and receiving palliative care: A systematic review

The quality of life (QoL) of women living with metastatic breast cancer and receiving palliative care needs more attention. We reviewed published studies (1992–2019) examining QoL of women receiving palliative care. The findings were interpreted according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of palliative care. Four themes emerged: (1) the impact of medical treatment on pain relief; (2) the need for psychosocial attention and support; (3) the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach; (4) ambiguous understanding of the term palliative care. A common understanding of the term palliative care and more research is needed to enhance the QoL of women living with metastatic breast cancer.publishedVersio

Kompetansebehov i norsk havvindnæring

NORCE har, på oppdrag fra Vårgrønn, utarbeidet denne oversikten over kompetansebehovet innen utvikling, utbygging og drift av havvindprosjekter i og utenfor Norge, samt hvilken kompetanse som er tilgjengelig fra dagens offshoreaktiviteter i Norge. Studien peker også på hvordan eventuell kompetanse-mangel kan dekkes. Et utgangspunkt for studien er en rapport fra Thema Consulting Group som anslår at 50 GW havvind-produksjon på norsk sokkel og betydelige eksportleveranser fra leverandørindustrien kan gi Norge 60 000 arbeidsplasser relatert til havvind innen 2050. Det anslås at litt over halvparten av disse arbeidsplassene vil komme i aksen Vestland/Rogaland/Agder, med hovedtyngden i Rogaland (ca. 15 000 arbeidsplasser). Denne studien baserer seg på 16 kvalitative intervjuer med både vindparkutviklere og leverandører, samt en gjennomgang av eksisterende litteratur. Intervjuobjektene innen leverandørnæringen representerer hele verdikjeden og inkluderer blant annet rederier, engineering-selskap, verft, utdanningsaktører, softwareleverandører og advokatfirma.Kompetansebehov i norsk havvindnæringpublishedVersio

Effects of Climatic Stress on Red Deer Browse. Development of bilberry after an extreme weather event during the winter of 2014

De tørre og varme værforholdene med mye vind langs kysten på Vestlandet og i Trøndelag vinteren 2014 førte til en kraftig uttørking av en del plantearter, og det ble observert store områder med inntørka og død vegetasjon. Uttørkingen omfattet spesielt arter med vintergrønne blader (tyttebær), samt løvfellende planter der den overjordiske stengelen er levende (blåbær, og røsslyng). Slike fenomen omtales gjerne som klimastress og viser at planter i nordlige områder kan være sårbare for ekstreme værhendelser, spesielt høye temperaturer vinterstid. Blåbær er ei viktig plante for mange arter, fra store beitedyr til små insekter, og er en basisplante i mange næringskjeder. Endringer i blåbærlyngens biomassse kan derfor ha konsekvenser for mange andre arter..

Effekter av klimastress på hjortens vinterbeiter. Utvikling av blåbærlyngen etter tørkevinteren 2014

De tørre og varme værforholdene med mye vind langs kysten på Vestlandet og i Trøndelag vinteren 2014 førte til en kraftig uttørking av en del plantearter, og det ble observert store områder med inntørka og død vegetasjon. Uttørkingen omfattet spesielt arter med vintergrønne blader (tyttebær), samt løvfellende planter der den overjordiske stengelen er levende (blåbær, og røsslyng). Slike fenomen omtales gjerne som klimastress og viser at planter i nordlige områder kan være sårbare for ekstreme værhendelser, spesielt høye temperaturer vinterstid. Blåbær er ei viktig plante for mange arter, fra store beitedyr til små insekter, og er en basisplante i mange næringskjeder. Endringer i blåbærlyngens biomassse kan derfor ha konsekvenser for mange andre arter..

Metasomatism in the Ultrahigh-pressure Svartberget Garnet-peridotite (Western Gneiss Region, Norway): Implications for the Transport of Crust-derived Fluids within the Mantle

Garnet-peridotites often contain veins or layers of pyroxenite and eclogite of uncertain origin. We investigate the Svartberget garnet-peridotite from the northernmost ultrahigh-pressure domain in the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) in Norway and show that the observed layering represents a sequence of metasomatic reaction zones developed along a fracture system. From the garnet-peridotite wall-rock to the fractures the following sequential reaction zones are recognized: clinohumite bearing garnet-peridotite, olivine-garnet-websterite, garnet-websterite, orthopyroxene-phlogopite-garnet-websterite, coarse-grained phlogopite-garnet-websterite, phlogopite-garnet-websterite, phlogopite-free garnet-websterite, inclusion-rich garnetite, garnetite, eclogite, retrograde omphacitite and felsic amphibole-pegmatite. The MgO, FeO and CaO contents generally decrease from the pristine peridotite towards the most metasomatized samples, with an associated increase in SiO2 and Al2O3. Concentrations of fluid-mobile elements increase from the most pristine peridotite towards the garnetite, whereas Ni and Cr decrease from ∼700 to ∼10 ppm and ∼2600 to ∼25 ppm, respectively. Changes in mineral mode are accompanied by changes in mineral chemistry. All minerals display decreasing Mg# and Cr content with degree of metasomatism, whereas Na2O concentrations in amphibole, and most notably in clinopyroxene, increase from 0·2 to 3·0 and from 0·2 to 8 wt %, respectively. The trivalent ions Cr and Al display complex intra-granular vein-like or patchy zoning in garnet and pyroxenes that may be characteristic of metasomatized peridotites. Dating by the U-Pb method suggests metamorphic growth of zircon in the garnetite at 397·2 ± 1·2 Ma, formation of leucosomes in host-rock gneiss at 391·2 ± 0·8 Ma, and amphibole-pegmatite in the core of a garnetite vein at 390·1 ± 0·9 Ma. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values calculated at 397 Ma are elevated (∼0·723) in the most pristine peridotites and increase to ∼0·743 in the most metasomatized samples. The initial 87Sr/86Sr values of both the host gneiss and its leucosomes are also elevated (0·734-0·776), which suggests that the leucosomes found in the gneisses are the most likely, now solidified, remnants of the reactive agent that metasomatized the Svartberget peridotite. A scenario is envisaged in which material derived from the country rock gneiss was the source of the metasomatic addition of elements to the peridotites and the gneisses acted as the host for all elements removed from the peridotite. The Svartberget peridotite may provide an important analogue of how felsic, slab-derived material interacts with the overlying mantle wedge peridotite in regions of arc magma generatio

Metasomatism in the Ultrahigh-pressure Svartberget Garnet-peridotite (Western Gneiss Region, Norway): Implications for the Transport of Crust-derived Fluids within the Mantle

Garnet-peridotites often contain veins or layers of pyroxenite and eclogite of uncertain origin. We investigate the Svartberget garnet-peridotite from the northernmost ultrahigh-pressure domain in the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) in Norway and show that the observed layering represents a sequence of metasomatic reaction zones developed along a fracture system. From the garnet-peridotite wall-rock to the fractures the following sequential reaction zones are recognized: clinohumite bearing garnet-peridotite, olivine–garnet-websterite, garnet-websterite, orthopyroxene–phlogopite–garnet-websterite, coarse-grained phlogopite–garnet-websterite, phlogopite–garnet-websterite, phlogopite-free garnet-websterite, inclusion-rich garnetite, garnetite, eclogite, retrograde omphacitite and felsic amphibole-pegmatite. The MgO, FeO and CaO contents generally decrease from the pristine peridotite towards the most metasomatized samples, with an associated increase in SiO2 and Al2O3. Concentrations of fluid-mobile elements increase from the most pristine peridotite towards the garnetite, whereas Ni and Cr decrease from ∼700 to ∼10 ppm and ∼2600 to ∼25 ppm, respectively. Changes in mineral mode are accompanied by changes in mineral chemistry. All minerals display decreasing Mg# and Cr content with degree of metasomatism, whereas Na2O concentrations in amphibole, and most notably in clinopyroxene, increase from 0·2 to 3·0 and from 0·2 to 8 wt %, respectively. The trivalent ions Cr and Al display complex intra-granular vein-like or patchy zoning in garnet and pyroxenes that may be characteristic of metasomatized peridotites. Dating by the U–Pb method suggests metamorphic growth of zircon in the garnetite at 397·2 ± 1·2 Ma, formation of leucosomes in host-rock gneiss at 391·2 ± 0·8 Ma, and amphibole-pegmatite in the core of a garnetite vein at 390·1 ± 0·9 Ma. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values calculated at 397 Ma are elevated (∼0·723) in the most pristine peridotites and increase to ∼0·743 in the most metasomatized samples. The initial 87Sr/86Sr values of both the host gneiss and its leucosomes are also elevated (0·734–0·776), which suggests that the leucosomes found in the gneisses are the most likely, now solidified, remnants of the reactive agent that metasomatized the Svartberget peridotite. A scenario is envisaged in which material derived from the country rock gneiss was the source of the metasomatic addition of elements to the peridotites and the gneisses acted as the host for all elements removed from the peridotite. The Svartberget peridotite may provide an important analogue of how felsic, slab-derived material interacts with the overlying mantle wedge peridotite in regions of arc magma generation