Impacto do uso de probióticos e simbióticos em pessoas com doença renal: uma revisão de literatura

Introdução: Alterações na composição da microbiota intestinal, associadas ao crescimento de espécies bacterianas envolvidas na geração de toxinas urêmica tem sido observadas em pessoas com doença renal. Assim, a suplementação de probióticos e simbióticos tem sido sugerida como terapia adjuvante para o equilíbrio da microbiota contribuindo para a integridade da barreira intestinal e controle metabólico desses pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da utilização de prebióticos, probióticos ou simbióticos no tratamento de pessoas com doença renal. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura realizada durante o período de janeiro de 2023 incluindo estudos dos últimos cinco anos, caracterizada pela pergunta norteadora: “impacto do uso de probióticos e simbióticos na microbiota de pessoas com doença renal”. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e LILACS e descritores em português e inglês das palavras: “doença renal”, “probióticos” e “microbiota” combinados através do operador “AND”. Resultados e discussão: Foram incluídos sete artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2022. De todos os estudos, seis encontraram benefícios na administração de probióticos ou simbióticos e um não encontrou benefícios. Os estudos que consideraram benefícios, demonstraram redução de marcadores inflamatórios, redução da disbiose intestinal e melhora nos parâmetros renais de um modo geral. Conclusão: A suplementação de simbióticos parece viável em determinado tempo e sob supervisão profissional para adultos com doença renal, auxiliando em seu tratamento, de modo a promover uma ação sinérgica e eficaz

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Insegurança alimentar e nutricional: associação com fatores sociodemográficos, alimentares e de saúde em adolescentes de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Food and nutrition insecurity is a worldwide public health problem, which affects mainly the less economically favored regions. It is a challenging theme due to its complexity and scope, in addition to the various determinants that involve its understanding. Of fundamental importance, its approach is necessary especially in children and adolescents, considering its involvement with greater intensity at home. Some studies show associations between the situation of INSAN and a worse state of food and health in children and adolescents, however, such investigations are still insufficient. The present study therefore sought to associate socio-demographic, economic, food and health factors with food and nutritional insecurity in adolescents in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. This is a crosssectional epidemiological study with 782 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years of elementary and high school in public schools in the municipality. Food and nutritional insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, the economic classification was evaluated according to the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion, of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies, the number of household residents, the perception of food, the act of having breakfast, lunch, dinner, access to health services and the perception of health were measured by unique self-reported questions, according to the available answer options. The SPSS and STATA softwares were used for the processing of descriptive data, bivariate analysis of the variables of interest and subsequently the multiple model using Poisson Regression. The 782 adolescents evaluated had a mean age of 16.08 ± 1.174 years and 58.6% were female. The prevalence of 37% of food and nutrition insecurity and 78.1% of adolescents with low and medium family income was found. When assessing the perception of food, 57.8% of adolescents considered their own food and 37.6% considered the food of those responsible in a negative way. When considering meals, 51.9% had breakfast, 11% lunch and 39.5% dinner less than four times a week. Regarding health, 68.2% of the adolescents attended the health service in the last twelve months, the negative perception of health among the adolescents was 30.6% and those responsible for them, 31.2%. The final multiple models showed that medium and low income, households with six or more residents, negative perception of the parents' food, breakfast less than four times a week, negative perception of their own health and the health of those responsible association and higher prevalence of food and nutrition insecurity. When evaluating dinner, those who ate less than four meals a week had a lower prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity. The results of this investigation reveal the importance of assessing food and nutrition insecurity not only from a socioeconomic and demographic perspective, but also considering aspects of perception, dietary and health characteristics. These factors, until then, little evaluated on this theme, further expand the scope of multidimensional assessment of food and nutritional security. Furthermore, the period of adolescence is considered relevant, given the vulnerability of this public and the tendency to maintain certain habits in adulthood.A insegurança alimentar e nutricional (INSAN) é um problema de saúde pública mundial, que acomente principalmente as regiões menos favorecidas economicamente. É uma temática desafiadora em razão de sua complexidade e abrangência, além dos diversos determinantes que envolvem a sua compreensão. De fundamental importância, sua abordagem se faz necessária especialmente no público infanto-juvenil, haja vista o seu acometimento com maior intensidade em nível domiciliar. Alguns estudos evidenciam associações entre a situação de INSAN e um pior estado de alimentação e de saúde em crianças e adolescentes, no entanto, tais investigações ainda são insuficientes. O presente estudo buscou, portanto, associar os fatores socioedemográficos, econômicos, alimentares e de saúde com a insegurança alimentar e nutricional em adolescentes da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal com 782 adolescentes, de 14 a 18 anos do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas do município. A insegurança alimentar e nutricional foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), a classificação econômica foi avaliada segundo o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP), o número de moradores do domicílio, a percepção da alimentação, o ato de tomar o café-da-manhã, almoçar, jantar, o acesso aos serviços de saúde e a percepção de saúde foram mensurados por questões únicas autorreferidas, conforme as opções de respostas disponíveis. Foram utilizados os softwares SPSS e STATA para o processamento dos dados descritivos, análise bivariada das variáveis de interesse e posteriormente o modelo múltiplo por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Os 782 adolescentes avaliados apresentaram média de idade de 16,08±1,174 anos e 58,6% eram do sexo feminino. Constatou-se a prevalência de 37% de INSAN e 78,1% dos adolescentes com renda familiar média e baixa. Ao avaliar a percepção da alimentação, 57,8% dos adolescentes consideraram a própria alimentação e 37,6% a alimentação dos responsáveis de modo negativo. Ao considerar as refeições 51,9% realizavam o café-da-manhã, 11% o almoço e 39,5% o jantar menos que quatro vezes na semana. A respeito da saúde, 68,2% dos adolescentes frequentaram o serviço de saúde nos últimos doze meses, a percepção negativa de saúde dos adolescentes foi de 30,6% e dos responsáveis de 31,2%. Os modelos múltiplos finais evidenciaram que renda média e baixa, domicílios com seis ou mais moradores, percepção negativa da alimentação dos responsáveis, realização do café-da-manhã menos que quatro vezes na semana, percepção negativa da própria saúde e da saúde dos responsáveis apresentaram associação e maiores prevalências de INSAN. Ao avaliar o jantar, aqueles que o realizavam menos de quatro refeições por semana apresentaram menor prevalência de insegurança alimentar e nutricional. Os resultados desta investigação revelam a importância de se avaliar a INSAN não apenas sob a ótica socioeconômica e demográfica, mas também considerando os aspectos de percepção, características alimentares e de saúde. Tais fatores, até então, pouco avaliados nesta temática, ampliam ainda mais o escopo de avaliação multidimensional da segurança alimentar e nutricional. Ademais, considera-se relevante o período da adolescência, haja vista a vulnerabilidade deste público e a tendência de manutenção de determinados hábitos na vida adulta.

Perfil lipídico de adolescentes eutróficos e com excesso de peso do município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais

Introduction: Excess body fat is related to changes in lipid profile, which, in turn, is considered an important risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Objective: To evaluate nutritional status, body composition and to verify their association with lipid profile and blood pressure in adolescents. Material and methods: We have evaluated 302 adolescents of both genders, aged 15 to 17 years, from public and private schools in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG. Participants were divided into four groups: group 1 (eutrophic adolescents with normal body fat percentage), group 2 (eutrophic patients with high fat percentage), group 3 (overweight adolescents with high fat percentage), and group 4 (obese with high fat percentage). Anthropometric assessment, body composition, lipid profile analysis and blood pressure measurement were performed. Statistical tests T'Student or ANOVA and Mann-Whitney or Kruskall Wallis were used to compare groups according to the distribution of variables, considering significance level (p<0.05). Results: Noticed that 74.83% of the subjects had a high percentage of body fat, mostly female adolescents (57.97%). Even eutrophic, 52.6% of adolescents had a high percentage of body fat. The largest change in lipid profile was increased total cholesterol (40.3%), reduced HDL-C (27.8%), increased triglyceride (13.9%) and increased LDL-C (13.2%). The adolescents with excess body fat, even with adequate BMI, presented high values ​​of total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The unfavorable lipid profile is more related to the percentage of total body fat than to the nutritional status classification according to BMI. Therefore, intensification of health promotion actions is essential in order to reduce the high rates of cardiovascular disease in the future.Introdução: O excesso de gordura corporal está relacionado com as alterações no perfil lipídico, que, por sua vez, é considerado um importante fator de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: avaliar o estado nutricional, a composição corporal e verificar a associação destes com o perfil lipídico e pressão arterial de adolescentes. Material e métodos: Foram avaliados 302 adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 15 a 17 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Juiz de Fora, MG. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo 1 (adolescentes eutróficos com percentual de gordura corpórea dentro da normalidade), grupo 2 (eutróficos com percentual de gordura elevado), grupo 3 (adolescentes em sobrepeso com percentual de gordura elevado) e grupo 4 (obesos com percentual de gordura elevado). Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica, de composição corporal, análise do perfil lipídico e aferição da pressão arterial. Os testes estatísticos T’Student ou ANOVA e Mann-Whitney ou Kruskall Wallis foram utilizados para comparação dos grupos, segundo a distribuição das variáveis, considerando nível de significância (p<0,05). Resultados: Notou-se que 74,83% dos avaliados apresentaram elevado percentual de gordura corporal, em sua maioria adolescentes do gênero feminino (57,97%). Mesmo eutróficos, 52,6% dos adolescentes apresentaram elevado percentual de gordura corporal. A maior alteração do perfil lipídico observada foi o colesterol total aumentado (40,3%), o HDL-C reduzido (27,8%), triglicerídeo aumentado (13,9%) e LDL-C aumentado (13,2%). Os adolescentes com excesso de gordura corporal, mesmo com IMC adequado apresentaram valores elevados de colesterol total, LDL-c, triglicerídeos e pressão arterial diastólica. Conclusão: O perfil lipídico desfavorável está mais relacionado com o percentual de gordura corporal total, do que com a classificação do estado nutricional segundo IMC. É imprescindível, portanto, a intensificação das ações de promoção da saúde a fim de reduzir os altos índices de doenças cardiovasculares no futuro

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ