The Impact of CO2 Laser Treatment and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Demineralization and Biofilm Formation

Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of CO2 laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel demineralization and biofilm formation, using in vitro and in situ designs.Methods: Demineralized enamel slabs were distributed among 8 groups: placebo, placebo + continuous CO2 laser, placebo + repeated CO2 laser, placebo + ultrapulsed CO2 laser, 1.23% APF, APF + continuous CO2 laser, APF + repeated CO2 laser and APF + ultrapulsed CO2 laser. In the in vitro study, 15 enamel slabs from each group were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 14 days. In the cross over in situ design, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances with demineralized enamel slabs for 2 periods of 14 days each. Drops of sucrose solution were dripped onto enamel slabs 8×/day. Biofilms formed on slabs were collected and the colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were determined. Results: For both in vitro and in situ studies, there was no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). However, all treatments increased microhardness of demineralized enamel (P < 0.05). After a further in situ cariogenic challenge, with the exception of the placebo, all treatments maintained microhardness values (P < 0.05). Microbiological analysis showed no difference in Streptococcus mutans (P > 0.05) or Lactobacillus (P > 0.05) counts between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that APF gel combined with the CO2 laser, regardless of the pulse emission mode used, was effective in controlling enamel demineralization, but none of the tested treatments was able to prevent bacterial colonization

Nivel insuficiente de actividad física está asociado a menor calidad de vida y al estudio nocturno en universitarios del Distrito Federal

A prática de atividade física (AF) é essencial à saúde e à qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de atividade física (NAF), a QV, fatores antropométricos e socioeconômicos em universitários do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Foram avaliados aleatoriamente 392 voluntários (43,6% homens). Empregaram-se os questionários IPAQ, WHOQOL e de tempo sentado (TS). Foram avaliados preditores do NAF com o emprego de regressão logística, assim como da QV estratificada por sexo, turno, NAF e renda. Resultados: Dos pesquisados, 51,4% eram insuficientemente ativos (IA) e mostraram menor QV do que os ativos (AT), nos domínicos físico (DOMF) e psicológico (DOMPS) (p 0,05). Menor NAF associou-se com maior TS e com aulas no turno noturno. A proporção de universitários IA foi elevada e se mostrou associada com menor QV no DOMF e DOMPS, elevado TS e com estudo noturno.Physical activity (PA) practice is an essential issue for health and quality of life (QOL). Objective: We analyzed the level of physical activity (LPA) and QOL in association with anthropometric and socioeconomics factors among undergraduate students from the Distrito Federal - Brazil. Methods: We randomly evaluated 392 volunteers (43.6% men). We employed the IPAQ + reported siting time (ST), and WHOQOL questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to evaluate LPA predictors. QOL was compared between sex, class period (day vs night), LPA and income. Results: Two hundred and one volunteers (51.4%) were insufficiently active (IA) and showed lower QOL than the active (AT) ones on physical (PHD) and psychological (PSD) domains (p< 0.05). Lower LPA was associated with greater ST and with the night shift study. We found a high proportion of IA students that was associated with lower QOL on PHD and PSD, higher ST and nightshift study

O custo de soluções alcalinas em sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial: uma análise sobre o desperdício a partir do controle dos processos

-Introdução: São escassos estudos dos custos dos insumos consumidos em hemodiálise e, dentre estes gastos, os compostos que compõem o dialisato estão entre os valores considerados como representativos nessa terapia. Contudo, não foram encontrados estudos que orientem sobre o comportamento de custos dessas soluções. Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é avaliar se há desperdício no consumo de soluções alcalinas em hemodiálise ambulatorial e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de redução no custo a partir da simulação de padronização no processo de estabelecimento do fluxo do dialisato nos períodos entre turnos em sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial. Métodos: Partindo de um estudo observacional analítico, foi realizada uma simulação de 20 cenários, sendo 10 estabelecidos pela padronização dos processos de controle no fluxo do dialisato nos intervalos das sessões. A combinação dos dados foi realizada tomando por base os preços de três fornecedores de soluções alcalinas líquidas ou em pó. Resultados: Observou-se, dentre os cenários com processos padronizados, uma variação entre 7,7% e 33,3% de economia no custo da solução alcalina (em pó ou líquida), pela redução do desperdício. Conclusão: É possível refrear o desperdício no uso de soluções alcalinas, tanto em pó quanto líquidas e, consequentemente, seus custos, a partir da padronização na redução do fluxo de dialisato durante os intervalos verificados entre os turnos na hemodiálise ambulatorial. Todavia, estes resultados estão condicionados ao comprometimento de profissionais de saúde, principalmente no que tange ao exercício da supervisão e controle das atividades no desdobramento da função qualidade

Behaviour of the foramen ovale flow in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction

Foramen ovale (FO) flow may be altered in IUGR. .is study was designed to test this hypothesis. Methods. Forty pregnant women (24–38 weeks) were divided into 3 groups: group I (IUGR), group II (adequate growth and maternal hypertension), and group III (normal controls). Impedance across the FO was assessed by the FO pulsatility index (FOPI): (systolic velocity − presystolic velocity)/mean velocity. Statistical analysis utilized ANOVA, Tukey test, and ROC curves. Results. Mean FOPI in IUGR fetuses (n=15) was 3.70 ± 0.99 (3.15–4.26); in the group II (n=12), it was 2.84 ± 0.69 (2.40–3.28), and in the group III (n=13), it was 2.77 ± 0.44 (2.50–3.04) (p=0.004). FOPI and UtA RI were correlated (r= 0.375, p= 0.017), as well as FOPI and UA RI (r= 0.356, p= 0.024) and, inversely, FOPI and MCA RI (r= −0.359, p= 0.023). Conclusions. .e FO flow pulsatility index is increased in fetuses with IUGR, probably as a result of impaired left ventricular diastolic functio

Isolation and phenotypic characterization of rhizobia that nodulate cowpea in the Cerrado in Tocantins State, Brazil

Em função das características nutricionais e de rusticidade, o feijão caupi tornou-se importante fonte de proteína nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. O feijão caupi se beneficiada fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) e pode receber parte do nitrogênio necessário para a cultura via simbiose, o que reduz os custos de produção. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a otimização do processo de FBN na cultura do feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) no cerrado do Tocantins, através da efetividade de populações e diversidade de isolados de rizóbio obtidos em sete áreas com e sem cultivos agrícolas, foram realizados isolamento e caracterização fenotípicas (pH do meio, tempo de crescimento, características das colônias e de muco). Foram obtidos 72 isolados de rizóbio e avaliados em um dendrograma onde mostraram uma grande diversidade com a formação de 18 grupos e cinco grandes grupos com similaridade de 70%. O estudo das características fisiológicas e morfológicas revela uma diversidade bastante ampla dos isolados de rizóbio e costuma estar relacionado com estudos em nível de DNA.Depending on the nutritional characteristics and hardiness, the cowpea has become an important source of protein in North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The cowpea benefits from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and may receive part of the nitrogen needed for culture via symbiosis, which reduces production costs. Aiming to contribute to the optimization of the BNF in the culture of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in the cerrado of Tocantins, through the effectiveness of populations and diversity of rhizobia obtained in seven areas with and without crops , phenotypic isolation and characterization were performed (pH, time of growth characteristics of the colonies and mucus). We obtained 72 rhizobia and evaluated in a dendrogram showed a great diversity, with the formation of 18 groups and the five large groups with 70% similarity. The study of morphological and physiological characteristics reveals a fairly wide diversity of rhizobia and is usually related to studies at the DNA level

Evolution of Protocols to Induce Lactation of Dairy Cows: A Review / Evolução dos Protocolos para Indução da Lactação em Vacas Leiteiras: Revisão Bibliográfica

Several diseases and nutritional challenges have had detrimental impacts on dairy farming, of which reproductive problems are considered one of the main hindrances in all production systems. Alternatives to minimize these problems have been explored, and methods of artificial induction of lactation are amongst them. After decades of evolution, the current protocols have been shown to be more efficient and less laborious, which has increased its use. However, there is still limited information and many conflicting theories. Therefore, new research and experiments on the subject are extremely important, especially regarding the dose used in the protocols and animal welfare implications. This review takes a detailed overview of the protocols and other important aspects of lactation induction in dairy cows

A didactic proposal for the construction of the ellipse

The purpose of the present is to propose the construction of the ellipse in a didactic way in which the work deals with the exposure of a specific methodology for the 3rd year of high school when dealing with ellipse content. Followed by the results of the realization of a workshop aimed at the construction of the ellipse in a didactic way, constructed with low cost material, thereby proposing the teaching of mathematics in a more pleasant and effective way, where the ellipse equations were defined with the theoretical concept and afterwards, the gardener\u27s method was used to construct this curve in a terrain, using ropes and civil construction fasteners, so that the student could concretize and apply this content in practice. After that, it was used for construction in the classroom using thread threads or thin strings to make the tracing and to finish it used the Geogebra software to finish the work showing the perfection of the curve explained in the classroom. The didactic process carried out showed a real interest of the students mainly with the use of the field practice. In conclusion, teaching mathematics in a didactic and interactive way provides a favorable environment for learning, stimulating students with a critical sense and an investigative spirit

Orientações para Realização de Exames de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear em Pacientes com Dispositivos Eletrônicos Cardíacos

Estima-se que até 75% dos pacientes com dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis (DCEIs) terão indicação de exame de ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) ao longo da vida. Pelas características dos dispositivos, esses foram excluídos historicamente do rol de pacientes considerados elegíveis ao exame