Violência no ambiente escolar

Orientador :Monografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de ..., Curso de Especialização em ...Inclui referência

Planejamento fatorial e propriedades eletroquímicas de azul de toluidina e azul de meldola imobilizados sobre celulose modificada com óxido de titânio

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Unshifting the baseline: a framework for documenting historical population changes and assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts

Ecological baselines—reference states of species' distributions and abundances—are key to the scientific arguments underpinning many conservation and management interventions, as well as to the public support to such interventions. Yet societal as well as scientific perceptions of these baselines are often based on ecosystems that have been deeply transformed by human actions. Despite increased awareness about the pervasiveness and implications of this shifting baseline syndrome, ongoing global assessments of the state of biodiversity do not take into account the long-term, cumulative, anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Here, we propose a new framework for documenting such impacts, by classifying populations according to the extent to which they deviate from a baseline in the absence of human actions. We apply this framework to the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) to illustrate how it can be used to assess populations with different geographies and timelines of known or suspected impacts. Through other examples, we discuss how the framework can be applied to populations for which there is a wide diversity of existing knowledge, by making the best use of the available ecological, historical and archaeological data. Combined across multiple populations, this framework provides a standard for assessing cumulative anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity

Interaction between audiology and genetics in the study of a family: the complexity of molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling

Hearing loss is a multifaceted condition with many etiologies, among which genetic mutation is. Therefore, it is important to connect audiological investigation to etiological diagnosis. AIM: this study aims to establish the audiological and genetic profiles of three non-syndromic children with sensorineural hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHOD: three brothers aged 3, 5 and 16 were enrolled in this study. They were submitted to behavioral and electrophysiological hearing tests and molecular studies. RESULTS: the hearing tests showed moderate to moderately severe bilateral symmetric sensorineural hearing loss and an accentuated descending slope. Transient and Distortion Product Otoacoustic emissions were absent in the two younger children. ABR showed a bilateral moderately severe to severe sensorineural hearing loss. P300 showed bilateral normal latencies in the older brother. Molecular tests showed that the two younger children were heterozygote for mutation 35delG on gene GJB2. CONCLUSION: The combination of speech and hearing tests and genetic analysis allows for the etiologic diagnosis of seemingly similar hearing loss cases, which however display different genetic backgrounds. Molecular studies must be comprehensive enough to avoid precipitated diagnosis which may impair genetic counseling.A deficiência auditiva como déficit sensorial mais comum tem dentre suas diferentes etiologias as alterações genéticas. Assim, é importante que a investigação audiológica se associe à busca do diagnóstico etiológico. OBJETIVO: Relatar o perfil audiológico e genético de três irmãos portadores de deficiência auditiva neurossensorial não-sindrômica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de caso de três irmãos, do sexo masculino, com 3, 5 e 16 anos, respectivamente, submetidos à avaliação audiológica comportamental e eletrofisiológica, e estudo molecular. RESULTADOS: Os achados audiológicos mostraram: audiometria do tipo neurossensorial, bilateral, simétrica, de grau moderado a moderadamente severo e configuração descendente acentuada. EOAT e EOAPD ausentes nos dois irmãos mais novos. PEATE compatível com perda auditiva moderadamente severa a severa. Presença do P300 com latências dentro da normalidade bilateralmente no irmão mais velho. Os achados do exame molecular mostraram que as duas crianças mais novas eram heterozigotos para a mutação 35delG no gene GJB2 e o mais velho não apresentava essa mutação. CONCLUSÃO: A associação das avaliações fonoaudiológicas e genéticas permite o diagnóstico etiológico de perdas auditivas que à primeira vista são semelhantes, mas que não obedecem à mesma estrutura genética. Os estudos moleculares devem ser abrangentes, evitando diagnósticos precipitados que prejudiquem o aconselhamento genético.Instituto de Estudos Avançados da AudiçãoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Instituto de Estudos da AudiçãoUniversidade Estadual de CampinasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Genética MédicaUSP Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia OcupacionalFAPESPUNIFESPSciEL

Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells Allows the Identification of a CD4 T-Cell Epitope within an Immunodominant Trypanosoma cruzi Antigen

Targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) by using hybrid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against DC receptors is known to improve activation and support long-lasting T cell responses. in the present work, we used the mAb alpha DEC205 fused to the Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP-2) to identify a region of this protein recognized by specific T cells. the hybrid alpha DEC-ASP2 mAb was successfully generated and preserved its ability to bind the DEC205 receptor. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the recombinant mAb in the presence of polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) specifically enhanced the number of IFN-gamma producing cells and CD4+ T cell proliferation when compared to mice immunized with a mAb without receptor affinity or with the non-targeted ASP-2 protein. the strong immune response induced in mice immunized with the hybrid alpha DEC-ASP2 mAb allowed us to identify an ASP-2-specific CD4+ T cell epitope recognized by the BALB/c MHCII haplotype. We conclude that targeting parasite antigens to DCs is a useful strategy to enhance T cell mediated immune responses facilitating the identification of new T-cell epitopes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)BNP-Paribas Bankcommercial source BNP-Paribas BankUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Lab Antigen Targeting Dendrit Cells, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, CTCMol, São Paulo, BrazilNatl Inst Sci & Technol Vaccines, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, CTCMol, São Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 15203*12FAPESP: 2007/08648-9Web of Scienc

Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity

The Fifth World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, announced in September 2003 that the global network of protected areas now covers 11.5% of the planet's land surface. This surpasses the 10% target proposed a decade earlier, at the Caracas Congress, for 9 out of 14 major terrestrial biomes. Such uniform targets based on percentage of area have become deeply embedded into national and international conservation planning. Although politically expedient, the scientific basis and conservation value of these targets have been questioned. In practice, however, little is known of how to set appropriate targets, or of the extent to which the current global protected area network fulfils its goal of protecting biodiversity. Here, we combine five global data sets on the distribution of species and protected areas to provide the first global gap analysis assessing the effectiveness of protected areas in representing species diversity. We show that the global network is far from complete, and demonstrate the inadequacy of uniform—that is, 'one size fits all'—conservation targets

A UTOPIA DO CONSUMO EM "O PARAÍSO DAS DAMAS", DE ÉMILE ZOLA

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a representação da sociedade de consumo e as relações comerciais, na Paris do final do século XIX, presentes no romance naturalista O Paraíso das Damas, publicado em 1883, pelo escritor francês Émile Zola. A temática central da narrativa aborda a propagação da sociedade de consumo através da ascensão e crescimento de uma grande loja de departamentos, Paraíso das Damas, que, inspirada em magazines parisienses reais do século XIX, transforma a organização do comércio local. Para isso, a pesquisa apoia-se nos conceitos teóricos de Colin Campbell (2001), sobre a romantização do consumo, de Jean Baudrillard (1995), que traz a organização dos signos de consumo e a evidência do excedente, de Pierre Bourdieu (2010), que aborda a teoria do sistema simbólico e organizacional do consumo, e Zygmunt Bauman (2008), que contribui com sua teoria da sociedade de consumo e a transformação dos sujeitos em mercadorias.This article aims to analyze the representation of the consumer society and commercial relations in late 19th century Paris, as presented in the naturalistic novel The Ladies´ Paradise, published in 1883 by the French writer Émile Zola. The central theme of the narrative addresses the spread of consumer society through the rise and growth of a large department store, Ladies´ Paradise, which, inspired in real Parisian magazines of the 19th century, transforms the organization of local commerce. For this purpose, the research is based on the theoretical concepts of Colin Campbell (2001), regarding the romanticization of consumption, of Jean Baudrillard (1995), which brings the organization of consumption signs and the evidence of surplus, of Pierre Bourdieu (2010), which addresses the theory of the symbolic and organizational system of consumption, and of Zygmunt Bauman (2008), who contributes with his theory of consumer society and the transformation of subjects into goods

In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression.

Early life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) in air is associated with infant respiratory disease and childhood asthma, but limited epidemiological data exist concerning the impacts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of UFPs in amplifying Th2- and/or Th17-driven inflammation (asthma promotion) or suppressing effector T cells (increased susceptibility to respiratory infection) remains unclear. Using a mouse model of in utero UFP exposure, we determined early immunological responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in offspring challenged from 0 to 4 wk of age. Two mice strains were exposed throughout gestation: C57BL/6 (sensitive to oxidative stress) and BALB/C (sensitive to allergen exposure). Offspring exposed to UFPs in utero exhibited reduced inflammatory response to HDM. Compared with filtered air (FA)-exposed/HDM-challenged mice, UFP-exposed offspring had lower white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and less pronounced peribronchiolar inflammation in both strains, albeit more apparent in C57BL/6 mice. In the C57BL/6 strain, offspring exposed in utero to FA and challenged with HDM exhibited a robust response in inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and Il-17. In contrast, this response was lost in offspring exposed in utero to UFPs. Circulating IL-10 was significantly up-regulated in C57BL/6 offspring exposed to UFPs, suggesting increased regulatory T cell expression and suppressed Th2/Th17 response. Our results reveal that in utero UFP exposure at a level close to the WHO recommended PM guideline suppresses an early immune response to HDM allergen, likely predisposing neonates to respiratory infection and altering long-term pulmonary health

A speleothem record from Portugal reveals phases of increased winter precipitation in western Iberia during the Holocene

The European climate during the Holocene period is characterised by frequent changes of temperature and precipitation. The North Atlantic plays a major role as a driver for European climate and is a dominant precipitation source, particularly for the western European and north African realm. Atmospheric pressure gradients over the Atlantic (North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO), Atlantic circulation patterns (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO) or positioning of the Atlantic jet stream have been suggested to be responsible for precipitation patterns across western Europe. However, proxy data provide an inconsistent picture on how precipitation responds to changes in the Atlantic realm such as changes of Atlantic temperature(IRD), atmospheric pressure (NAO), water circulation (AMO) or the jet stream. Here we present a record of speleothem-based winter precipitation amount from Portugal. The record covers most of the Holocene and demonstrates that wetter conditions were synchronous in western and southern Iberia during early and mid Holocene. The record also shows a correlation between increased winter precipitation amount in western Iberia and Atlantic cooling, evidenced by Bond events, between 10 and 4 ka