Estereótipos sobre idosos: uma representação social gerontofóbica

Tópicos, ditos, refrões, frases feitas, etiquetas verbais ou adjectivações a respeito de pessoas e grupos, são alusões que frequentemente encontramos, quer nas conversas diárias da rua, quer nos meios de comunicação social. O mundo social e humano, dificilmente se nos apresenta, em sua crua realidade objectiva e objectual, sem possuir adjectivações (frequentemente estereotipadas), porque o estereótipo é precisamente uma percepção extremamente simplificada e geralmente com ausência de matrizes. Na medida em que o conhecimento humano não é capaz de ser sempre complexo, flexível e crítico podemos dizer que tendemos a cair no estereótipo (Castro, et al, 1999). Os estereótipos mais estudados actualmente são os que se referem a grupos étnicos, no entanto existem estereótipos em todos os domínios da vida social: relativos a ambos os sexos, às ocupações, ao ciclo vital, à família, à classe social, ao estado civil, aos desvios sociais e a qualquer campo da vida que desejamos diferenciar

A vida… vista pelos idosos

Envelhecemos de acordo com o que vivemos e muito da compreensão e explicação possíveis para o que somos na idade avançada reside na própria história de vida de cada um, tal como cada um a conta e com o significado que em cada momento lhe atribui. O indivíduo está sujeito às representações dominantes da sociedade e é nesse enquadramento que ele pensa ou exprime os seus próprios sentimentos. As representações que os idosos têm da sua própria vida diferem segundo múltiplos factores, podendo ser positivas ou negativas. Conscientes desta pluralidade de percepções e da importância que estas têm sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas, procurámos identificar os sentimentos dos idosos sobre a vida actual, sobre o futuro e as necessidades por eles sentidas, em função do local de residência. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal de tipo descritivo e correlacional que integrou uma amostra de 673 idosos, residindo 336 no seu domicílio e 337 em instituições

Conhecimento de geometria de estudantes da licenciatura em Educação Básica

Este estudo quantitativo tem como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento de geometria de mais de duas centenas de estudantes do ensino superior a frequentar o curso de Educação Básica em três ESE. Através de um teste com 21 questões, passado antes e após a formação em Geometria, avaliaram-se os estudantes num conjunto de categorias. Os resultados revelam que, embora os estudantes manifestem conhecimentos de conceitos elementares à partida, com percentagens em torno dos 70%, e evolução nas três escolas, com aumentos médios de 5%, revelam, ainda, aspetos críticos relativos a conceitos básicos contemplados no teste.ABSTRACT: This quantitative study aims to assess the development of geometry knowledge of over two hundred students attending Basic Education course in three Schools of Education. Through a test with 21 questions, handed over before and after training in Geometry, students are assessed in a set of categories. The results reveal that although students demonstrate knowledge of elementary concepts at the outset, with percentages of success above 70%, and evolution at the three schools, with an average increase of 5%, also reveal critical aspects related to basic concepts covered in the test

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dinâmicas de (investig)ação em contextos de promoção da língua portuguesa: a presença do CIDTFF na rede Camões, I.P.

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS - An observational study in 29 countries

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (V T) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg−1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P ˂ 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P ˂ 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high V T and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome.</p

Questões atuais da educação em línguas: dos domínios do ensino do Português a uma política de língua

No decorrer dos últimos anos e devido a várias mudanças teóricas, didáticas e práticas que se verificaram no campo do ensino do Português, torna-se pertinente abordar algumas das Questões Atuais da Educação em Línguas. Nesse sentido, são objetivos desta obra discutir as mudanças teóricas nos domínios da Didática do Português, analisar propostas, projetos e práticas de ensino das línguas e divulgar, junto de investigadores e dos (futuros) professores, resultados de investigações em curso na área da Didática e das Literacias. Se a pertinência do debate, numa obra deste âmbito e natureza, da Educação Linguística e Literária, é naturalmente indiscutível, na medida em que é esse, no fundo, o objeto e o objetivo do conjunto dos artigos que a constituem, o mesmo se pode afirmar em relação à referência e à (re)definição dos domínios do ensino das línguas: Leitura, Escrita, Oralidade e Gramática, que são também as temáticas centrais dos capítulos deste livro.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio