Impacto psicossocial da hospitalização pediátrica no pai e na mãe

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Intervenção Psicossocial com Crianças, Jovens e Famílias)A hospitalização pediátrica tende a constituir uma experiência marcante na vida de uma criança/adolescente, podendo afetar o seu desenvolvimento e bem-estar, e várias áreas do funcionamento da família (Jorge, 2004; L. Oliveira, Gabarra, Marcon, Silva, & Macchiaverni, 2009). Entre os protagonistas deste processo, os pais assumem um papel de particular relevância, sendo que as suas reações e recursos para lidar com o quadro clínico, sofrimento e hospitalização do filho, e com as alterações geradas nas rotinas familiares, influenciam a adaptação psicossocial do paciente pediátrico e dos restantes elementos da família (Barros, 2003; Schneider & Medeiros, 2011). Neste processo, apesar de a mãe se assumir, em grande parte dos casos, como o cuidador principal, nos últimos anos o pai tem vindo a assumir um crescente protagonismo em termos de presença e cuidados ao filho hospitalizado (Crepaldi, Andreani, Hammes, Ristof, & Abreu, 2006; Moura & Ribeiro, 2004). Na componente empírica desta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória, desenvolvido com o objetivo de auscultar a forma como os pais experienciam a hospitalização de um filho em situação de internamento agudo, e explorar eventuais diferenças no modo como pai e mãe vivem este episódio. O estudo envolveu 16 casais (16 pais e 16 mães), com um filho internado no serviço de pediatria de um hospital do norte de Portugal. Através de uma entrevista, procurou-se conhecer as alterações geradas pela hospitalização de um filho nas várias esferas da sua vida, as dificuldades, preocupações e necessidades experienciadas, e as estratégias de coping utilizadas. Os resultados do estudo, mais do que apontando diferenças significativas nas vivências destes casais, em função de assumirem o papel de pai ou mãe, revelaram que as diferenças observadas se deveram essencialmente ao facto de terem assumido o papel de cuidador principal ou secundário. Tais diferenças podem ser explicadas pelo facto de o cuidador principal permanecer mais tempo com o filho no hospital – um ambiente estranho, que o priva dos seus contextos e papéis habituais, oferecendo condições desajustadas às suas necessidades de conforto, descanso e privacidade, e implicando uma gestão mais exigente (cumulativa e à distância) dos papéis de profissional e de pai/mãe de outros filhos em casa.Pediatric hospitalization tends to be a remarkable experience in the life of a child/teenager, which can affect their development and welfare, and several areas of family functioning (Jorge, 2004; L. Oliveira et al., 2009). Among the protagonists of this process, parents play a particularly important role, and their reactions and resources to deal with the clinical picture, suffering and hospitalization of the child, and with the changes generated in family routines, influence the patient's psychosocial adaptation pediatric and other family members (Barros, 2003; Schneider & Medeiros, 2011). In this process, in spite of the mother assuming herself, in most cases, the main caregiver, in recent years the father has been assuming a growing role in terms of presence and care of the hospitalized child (Crepaldi et al., 2006; Moura & Ribeiro, 2004). The empirical component of this dissertation presents a qualitative study, of exploratory nature, developed with the objective of listening the way parents experience the hospitalization of a child, and to explore possible differences in the way the father and mother experience this episode. The study involved 16 couples (16 fathers and 16 mothers), with a child hospitalized in a pediatric service of a hospital in the north of Portugal. Through an interview, it was sought to know the changes generated by the hospitalization of a child in various spheres of life, the difficulties, concerns and needs experienced, and coping strategies used. The results of the study, rather than pointing out significant differences in the experiences of these couples, as they assume the role of father or mother, revealed that the differences observed were essentially related to their role as a primary or secondary caregiver. Such differences can be explained by the fact that the primary caregiver stays longer with the child in the hospital – a strange environment, that deprives him of his usual contexts and roles, offering conditions that are incompatible with their needs for comfort, rest and privacy, and implying a more demanding (cumulative and to the distance) management of professional and parent roles of other children at home

estudos artísticos

Crescer na intervenção e na comunicação é um dos objetivos da Revista Gama, estudos artísticos. Promove-se a comunicação, formal, dentro das regras da comunicação académica, através de textos cuja característica comum é serem escritos por artistas, sobre a obra de outros artistas. Este foi o critério base que inspirou o projeto das iniciativas associadas ao Congresso CSO (criadores sobre outras obras), que já completou seis anos de disseminação. A Revista Gama singularizou-se por convocar artistas e obras que de algum modo estariam esquecidos, desconhecidos, ou ainda pouco divulgados. Obras cuja execução tem raízes em passados mais ou menos recentes, mas que pelo excesso de discursos na contemporaneidade, não obtiveram a divulgação desejada. Este é um propósito de intervenção no conhecimento patrimonial: as obras existem, foram executadas, enriquecem o nosso património, mas há que as fazer funcionar, dar a conhecer, aos outros artistas, aos especialistas, ao grande público. Assim se reuniram neste número 6 da Revista Gama vinte e quatro artigos originais, procurando-se, na sua sequência e articulação, algumas relações de pertinência e afinidade. Olhares sobre arquivos, sobre acervos, sobre coleções, conjuntos muitas vezes fechados e em perigo de esquecimento, ou de incompreensão: uma entrada discreta que se abre para o interior de uma câmara escura, que é um espaço cheio de imagens por revelar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: report of two cases

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare clinical condition in childhood that occurs in most cases with exacerbations of asthma. The most common symptoms are chest pain and dyspnea. Diagnosis is usually made by chest radiography. Conservative treatment is preferred with a favorable prognosis. Case reports: The first case, a 14-year-old boy with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema diagnosis, without triggering factor, despite history of asthma. The second one, a 19-month-old boy who developed, as a complication of pneumonia, a spontaneous thoraco-cervical pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. The evolution was favorable, in the first case only with symptomatic treatment and in the second, progressive respiratory improvement was observed, after a chest drain insertion. Discussion/Conclusions: These cases are examples of spontaneous pneumomediastinum that highlights the rarity of this disease in this age group

Preocupações e necessidades dos pais de crianças hospitalizadas

A hospitalização pediátrica é um acontecimento crítico, com repercussões na vida da criança internada e da sua família. Este estudo teve como objetivos auscultar as principais preocupações e necessidades experienciadas pelos pais durante a hospitalização de um filho em situação de internamento agudo e explorar eventuais diferenças entre o pai e a mãe no conjunto de vivências partilhadas. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória, do qual participaram 16 casais (16 pais e 16 mães) com um filho internado no serviço de pediatria de um hospital do norte de Portugal. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio de entrevistas e avaliados com base na metodologia de análise de conteúdo. O discurso dos pais evidencia como preocupações mais expressivas as referentes ao estado de saúde do filho e, entre as necessidades mais prementes, as associadas à sua recuperação e regresso ao domicílio. Os resultados encontrados revelam igualmente a presença de expressivas diferenças nas vivências desses casais, não devidas à variável pai/mãe, mas à centralidade do papel assumido em termos dos cuidados ao filho (cuidador principal ou secundário).Pediatric hospitalization is a critical event with repercussions on the life of hospitalized children and their families. This study recorded the main concerns and needs experienced by parents during the hospitalization of a child under acute hospitalization, and verified the potential differences between the father and the mother regarding their shared experiences. This qualitative study of exploratory nature involved 16 couples (16 fathers and 16 mothers), with a child hospitalized in a pediatric service of a hospital in the north of Portugal. The data were collected through interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The parents’ discourse shows significantly more concern regarding the state of health of the child as well as their recovery and homecoming, among the most urgent needs. The results showed presence of significant differences in the experiences of these couples, not only due to the father/mother variable, but also due to their central role regarding child care (primary or secondary caregiver)

The role of cereals in the industry of plant-based foods

Current trends in human feeding promote a more plant-based diet, for several reasons [1]. Ethical and environmental concerns are among the most common reasons why people chose to avoid animal-based products [2], [3]. Also, there is an increasing perception that the excessive consumption of animal-based products is associated with higher risk of developing chronic diseases [4]. Thus, the demand for innovative and sustainable plant-based solutions is increasing exponentially. Such products must meet not only the nutritional requirements for a healthy diet but also be widely acceptable by the consumers in terms of flavour and texture, while being produced in an environmental-friendly manner and with the least possible industrial manipulations [5]. Several plant bases can be used based on their specific characteristics, nutritional and sensorial advantages, and possible applications. They are currently employed as substituents of animal-based products and can be grouped mainly into four distinct groups: cereals, legumes, nuts, and tubers. In particular, cereal grains are a major constituent of human diets around the world. Amongst the most consumed cereals, wheat, rice and maize are the most widely used. Other cereals and pseudo-cereals of interest include oat, millets, sorghum and spelt [6]. Cereal grains are a major source of plant-based protein in the human diet, being only surpassed by the legumes in terms of protein content, when considering their proximate composition [7], [8]. The main protein reservoir in cereals are the storage proteins, mainly present in the seeds. Cereals are also key contributors to increase the dietary energy, mainly through the digestion of starch as well as a good source of fibers, vitamins and minerals [9]. In addition, cereals also contain other bioactive compounds in their composition, such as polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron [10]. Indeed, the consumption of cereal-based food – mainly whole grain cereals – has been associated with ameliorated conditions in certain diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer [11], [12]. Herein, we intend to provide a perspective on the characterization of relevant cereal-based alternatives (oat, rice, spelt, sorghum, millet cereal bases prepared in collaboration with Frulact S.A, Portugal in comparison with other plant bases in the market, highlighting the main nutritional (protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre and ash contents determined via AOAC methods) and sensorial advantages of each and possible applications. The technological challenges and innovative strategies that are currently employed to produce cereal-based food products were identified and will be discussed, with emphasis in the quality and safety of the final products. Finally, examples of industrial applications, collected within a market study with collection of data from the Mintel Database, will be provided in the several categories of cereal-based food analogues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of cereals in the industry of plant-based foods

Current trends in human feeding promote a more plant-based diet, for several reasons [1]. Ethical and environmental concerns are among the most common reasons why people chose to avoid animal-based products [2], [3]. Also, there is an increasing perception that the excessive consumption of animal-based products is associated with higher risk of developing chronic diseases [4]. Thus, the demand for innovative and sustainable plant-based solutions is increasing exponentially. Such products must meet not only the nutritional requirements for a healthy diet but also be widely acceptable by the consumers in terms of flavour and texture, while being produced in an environmental-friendly manner and with the least possible industrial manipulations [5]. Several plant bases can be used based on their specific characteristics, nutritional and sensorial advantages, and possible applications. They are currently employed as substituents of animal-based products and can be grouped mainly into four distinct groups: cereals, legumes, nuts, and tubers. In particular, cereal grains are a major constituent of human diets around the world. Amongst the most consumed cereals, wheat, rice and maize are the most widely used. Other cereals and pseudo-cereals of interest include oat, millets, sorghum and spelt [6]. Cereal grains are a major source of plant-based protein in the human diet, being only surpassed by the legumes in terms of protein content, when considering their proximate composition [7], [8]. The main protein reservoir in cereals are the storage proteins, mainly present in the seeds. Cereals are also key contributors to increase the dietary energy, mainly through the digestion of starch as well as a good source of fibers, vitamins and minerals [9]. In addition, cereals also contain other bioactive compounds in their composition, such as polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron [10]. Indeed, the consumption of cereal-based food – mainly whole grain cereals – has been associated with ameliorated conditions in certain diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer [11], [12]. Herein, we intend to provide a perspective on the characterization of relevant cereal-based alternatives (oat, rice, spelt, sorghum, millet cereal bases prepared in collaboration with Frulact S.A, Portugal in comparison with other plant bases in the market, highlighting the main nutritional (protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre and ash contents determined via AOAC methods) and sensorial advantages of each and possible applications. The technological challenges and innovative strategies that are currently employed to produce cereal-based food products were identified and will be discussed, with emphasis in the quality and safety of the final products. Finally, examples of industrial applications, collected within a market study with collection of data from the Mintel Database, will be provided in the several categories of cereal-based food analogues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio