Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo devido a mudança do uso da terra em áreas de cultivo de café em minas gerais

The type of previous land use to the coffee cultivation and the adopted management practices of coffee pruning may affect the dynamics of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify soil C and N stocks in the three main coffee production regions of Minas Gerais State, evaluating different management systems and coffee cultivation time compared to cultivated pastures. For the calculation of C and N stocks, soil samples were collected to determine the content of C and N, in addition to soil density at different depths. Evaluated situations included management of coffee areas with and without pruning, and the type of previous land use to the coffee crop currently in the areas (i.e. pasture or coffee). The results indicated that coffee cultivation under grazing areas along with the adoption of good agricultural practices such as proper management of pruning and good weed control led to the maintenance of soil C and N stocks over time. Through this fact, it is possible to state that coffee cultivation positively affects soil health.O tipo de uso da terra anterior ao plantio de café e o manejo de podas adotado no cafezal podem condicionar a dinâmica do carbono (C) e do nitrogênio (N) no solo. Desta forma, o objetivo neste trabalho foi quantificar os estoques de C e N do solo nas três principais regiões produtoras de café de Minas Gerais, avaliando diferentes sistemas de manejo e cultivo do café em comparação com pastos cultivados. Para o cálculo dos estoques foram coletadas amostras de solo para determinação dos teores de C e N, além da densidade em diferentes profundidades. As avaliações incluem manejo das áreas com e sem podas, e o tipo de uso da terra anterior ao cultivo do café. Os resultados indicam que o cultivo do café sobre áreas de pastagem, com adoção de boas práticas agrícolas como um manejo adequado de podas e bom controle do mato, propicia a manutenção dos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo. Através deste fato pode-se mencionar que a cafeicultura reflete positivamente na saúde do solo

Impactos negativos da administração de hidroxicloroquina e anticoagulante em pacientes com infecção por SARS-COV-2: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Objetivo: Avaliar antimalárico com ou sem tratamento anticoagulante, em pacientes com infecção recente por SARS-COV-2. Métodos: Estudo clínico realizado no Hospital das Clínicas Samuel Libânio da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre-MG. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética (4.034.077) e registrado nos Ensaios Clínicos (NCT04788355). Pacientes suspeitos de COVID-19 foram incluídos na sala de emergência. Os grupos foram: C (controle) com 6 pacientes, A (anticoagulante apixabana) com 9 pacientes, H (hidroxicloroquina) com 5 pacientes e HA (hidroxicloroquina e anticoagulante apixabana) com 8 pacientes. Resultados: não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O grupo HA, no qual houve intervenção com dois medicamentos, apresentou maior número de dias com sintomas (p = 0,037) e piores resultados, quando comparado ao controle: os sintomas mais relevantes foram: tosse (p = 0,001), e anosmia/ageusia (p = 0,011) cefaléia (p = 0,001). Conclusão: O presente estudo teve início quando havia dúvidas sobre o uso de medicamentos como hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) e apixabana (APX). O “n” reduzido foi definido por meio de questões burocráticas e polêmicas independentes das ações dos autores. Nenhum benefício clínico foi associado com HCQ e APX. Houve um aumento no número de dias sintomáticos quando HCQ e APX foram administrados. Apesar das limitações, não houve indicação terapêutica dos medicamentos avaliados.Purpose: To evaluate antimalarial with or without anticoagulant treatment, in patients with recent SARS-COV-2 infection. Methods: Clinical study carried out at Samuel Libânio Clinic Hospital, University of Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre-MG. Approved by the Ethics Committee (4.034.077) and registered in the Clinical Trials (NCT04788355). Suspected patients for COVID-19 were included in the emergency room. The groups were: C (control) with 6 patients, A (anticoagulant apixaban) with 9 patients, H (hydroxychloroquine) with 5 patients and HA (hydroxychloroquine and anticoagulant apixaban) with 8 patients. Results: there were no significant differences between groups. The HA group, in which there was an intervention with two drugs, presented a greater number of days with symptoms (p = 0.037) and worse results, when compared to the control: most relevant symptoms, were: cough (p = 0.001), and anosmia / ageusia (p = 0.011) headache (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The present study began when there were doubts about the use of drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and apixaban (APX). The reduced “n” was defined through bureaucratic and polemic issues independent of the authors’ actions. No clinical benefit was associated with HCQ and APX. There was an increase in the number of symptomatic days when HCQ and APX were administered. Despite the limitations, there was no therapeutic indication of the evaluated drugs

Novos ensaios clínicos em abordagem terapêutica para Otite Média Aguda na população pediátrica

A otite média aguda (OMA) é uma das principais doenças presentes na infância, caracterizada por uma infecção aguda secretiva na orelha média, com uma incidência que vem se elevando nas últimas décadas. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novas evidências na abordagem terapêutica da OMA na população pediátrica, documentadas por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e randomizados; artigos publicados nos últimos seis anos; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca de novas evidências no manejo da OMA em crianças. Ficou constatado que, por mais que a colocação de tubo de ventilação tenha gerado maior tempo até o primeiro episódio de OMA, a otorreia foi observada em um número de dias em crianças, o que não trouxe achados significativos entre a colocação de tubo de ventilação ou do tratamento médico. Ademais, verificou-se que, em crianças pequenas com OMA, formulações contendo dosagens menores de clavulanato podem trazer menos efeitos colaterais sem reduzir sua eficácia clínica. Outro ponto observado é que a intervenção educacional direcionada ao clínico geral levou ao aumento no uso de analgésicos, em especial o ibuprofeno, em crianças com OMA, mas que não houve redução dos escores de dor de ouvido relatados pelos pais. Por fim, o estudo CEDAR mostrou que o uso reduzido de antibióticos pode ser feito em crianças com OMA combinando a prescrição de antibióticos tardia ou não com colírios anestésicos-analgésicos

Síndrome do coração Pós-feriado: pacientes acometidos por arritmia cardíaca em detrimento do consumo exagerado de álcool: Post Holiday coração Syndrome: patients suffered by cardiac arrhythmia to the detriment of exaggerated alcohol consumption

INTRODUÇÃO: O álcool é conhecido por beneficiar o sistema cardiovascular com a ativação do sistema fibrinolítico, redução da agregação de plaquetas e aperfeiçoamento do perfil lipídico, entre outros mecanismos, quando consumido em doses moderadas. Todavia, seu uso de maneira abusiva culmina em patologias graves que podem evoluir para a morte, como a hipertensão arterial, a cardiomiopatia alcoólica, a arritmia cardíaca e até a “Síndrome do Coração Pós Feriado” ou do inglês, “Holiday Heart Syndrome”. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo tem como objetivo delinear sobre a Síndrome do Coração Pós Feriado, transpassando por suas características clínicas, repercussões eletrofisiológicas, diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realizou uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, realizado no período entre julho e agosto de 2022, através de artigos das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A interação do álcool no organismo está diretamente relacionada com o sistema nervoso autônomo do indivíduo, gerando um estado de desequilíbrio autonômico, assim há alterações elétricas, como acréscimo da frequência cardíaca, gerando um estado de taquicardia. A principal patologia encontrada em questão foi a taquicardia sinusal, sendo um tipo de arritmia e por conseguinte, notou-se a presença da fibrilação atrial, sendo o excesso no consumo de etanol é causador de aproximadamente 67% dos casos de emergências desta última enfermidade. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, com base na literatura analisada, observou-se que a ingestão alcoólica aguda age retardando o sistema de condução cardíaco, atua no encurtamento do período refratário e o aumento da atividade simpática, além de aumentar os níveis de catecolaminas circulantes. Por fim, também se evidenciou uma associação entre álcool e fatores de risco, principalmente hipertensão e obesidade e essas patologias aumentam os episódios de fibrilação atrial

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types