Adquisición del ritmo en L2 y transferencia rítmica en aprendices gallegos de inglés: un estudio piloto

Languages have been classified with regard to their rhythm into stress-timed, syllable-timed and mora-timed languages. The aim of this pilot study is to verify the existence of rhythmic transfer from a syllable-timed language, Galician (L1), to the English spoken by Galician learners (L2), as well as to determine whether the proficiency level in the L2 may have an effect on the degree of rhythmic transfer observed. Two groups of six Galician learners of English and two groups of six native speakers of Galician and Southern British English were recorded and analyzed. Rhythm metrics (ΔC, %V, ΔV, CrPVI, and VnPVI) were calculated for all four groups so as to have objective measures to compare the rhythm of the source language (Galician), the rhythm of the target language (English), and the rhythm of the learner language at different proficiency levels. The data show that there is rhythmic transfer between Galician and English L2, and that the degree of transfer decreases as the proficiency level in the L2 increases.Las lenguas se han clasificado con respecto a su ritmo como lenguas de ritmo acentual, silábico o moraico. El objetivo de este estudio piloto es verificar la existencia de transferencia rítmica de una lengua de ritmo silábico, el gallego (L1), al inglés hablado por estudiantes gallegos (L2), así como determinar si el nivel de competencia en la L2 puede tener un efecto sobre el grado de transferencia rítmica observado. Se registraron y analizaron dos grupos de seis hablantes nativos de gallego, por un lado, y seis hablantes de inglés del Sur de Gran Bretaña, por otro. Se calcularon las métricas de ritmo (ΔC, %V, ΔV, CrPVI y VnPVI) para los cuatro grupos a fin de tener medidas objetivas para comparar el ritmo del idioma de origen (gallego), el ritmo del idioma de destino (inglés) y el ritmo del idioma del alumnado con diferentes niveles de competencia. Los datos muestran que existe transferencia rítmica entre el gallego y el inglés L2, y que el grado de transferencia disminuye a medida que aumenta el nivel de competencia en la L2

The metrics of Galician songs : some preliminary remarks

El presente artículo explora la métrica de una muestra de canciones tomadas del Cancionero Gallego, de martínez torner y Bal y gay, con el objetivo de demostrar que para entender los mecanismos métricos que rigen la estructura de estas canciones es necesario analizar la métrica del texto en relación con los elementos musicales primordiales de la melodía correspondiente, como son el pulso, la duración y la altura de las notas. dicho análisis puede redundar en una mejor comprensión de cuestiones referentes a la fonología de la lengua, tales como la duración vocálica y el acento léxico en gallego.The present article analyses the metrics of a sample corpus of galician songs extracted from torner and Bal’s Cancionero Gallego. this analysis aims to prove that, in order to fully understand the metrics of folksong, it is compelling to explore not only the metrics of the text, but also the key musical elements of the corresponding melody, namely beat strength, note duration and pitch. such exploration may in turn shed some light on issues pertaining to the phonology of the language, such as the status of vowel duration and lexical stress in galician

THE METRICS OF FOLK SONG: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXT-SETTING IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH

THE METRICS OF FOLK SONG: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXT-SETTING IN SPANISH AND ENGLIS

La inspección educativa en los conservatorios superiores de música de Galicia: presente y futuro

Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo realizar una profunda reflexión sobre la perspectiva de la función y competencias de la inspección educativa en los conservatorios superiores de música de Galicia, en el contexto del avance educativo de las enseñanzas de régimen especial, su consideración social y con una finalidad de mejorar la intervención en dichos centros, respecto de la recogida y análisis de información exhaustiva y rigurosa, atendiendo a la normativa vigente, en convivencia con las demandas y necesidades reales de estos centros, añadiendo el reto de adecuar estos últimos a la realidad actual de los conservatorios en cuanto a: la formación académica y preparación profesional de su alumnado, su diversidad, características e internacionalización; la formación académica y profesional continuas de su profesorado, y, finalmente y sobre todo, a la contextualización de las enseñanzas que estos centros imparten en una sociedad que está en cambio permanente y constante, atendiendo a sus demandas respetando el marco de la normativa vigente

Rationale, design and preliminary results of the GALIPEMIAS study (prevalence and lipid control of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, northwest Spain)

[Abstract] Aims. There is little information on the familial nature of dyslipidemias in the Spanish population. This knowledge could have potential diagnostic and treatment implications. The objective of the GALIPEMIAS study was to determine the prevalence of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, as well as determine the degree of lipid control in the participants. Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was also estimated. This paper presents the design, methodology and selected preliminary results. Methodology. A cross‐sectional study was performed in the population aged ≥18 years using cluster sampling and then random sampling. A sample of 1000 subjects was calculated and divided into three sequential phases with a specific methodology for each one. Phase I: selection of subjects from the general population and collection of informed consent documents; Phase II: collection of data from the digital clinical history to select subjects with dyslipidemia according to study criteria; Phase III: personal interview, blood analysis, family tree, and definitive diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Prevalence of different diseases and active medication was analysed. Corrected prevalence (to the reference population) of different risk factors and ASCVD was estimated. Results. Phase I participation was 89.5%. We extracted complete information from 93% of the participants (Phase II). According to the study′s own criteria, 56.5% (n = 527) of the participants had some form of dyslipidemia and almost 33.7% of them had familial dyslipidemia with autosomal dominant inherit pattern. The corrected prevalence of ASCVD was 5.1% (95% CI 3.1‐7.2). Conclusions. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in our population with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in one out of every three dyslipidemia cases. Approximately, 5.1% of the sample population aged ≥18 has suffered an episode of ACVD

Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves? Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Our aim was to assess the e cacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in GO refractory to conventional therapy. This was an open-label multicenter study of glucocorticoid-resistant GO treated with TCZ. The main outcomes were the best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA), Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and intraocular pressure (IOP). These outcome variables were assessed at baseline, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after TCZ therapy onset. The severity of GO was assessed according to the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). We studied 48 (38 women and 10 men) patients (95 eyes); mean age standard deviation 51 11.8 years. Before TCZ and besides oral glucocorticoids, they had received IV methylprednisolone (n = 43), or selenium (n = 11). GO disease was moderate (n =29) or severe (n = 19) and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) (n = 7). TCZ was used in monotherapy (n = 45) or combined (n = 3) at a dose of 8 mg/kg IV every four weeks (n = 43) or 162 mg/s.c. every week (n = 5). TCZ yielded a significant improvement in all of the main outcomes at the 1st month that was maintained at one year. Comparing the baseline with data at 1 year all of the variables improved; BCVA (0.78 0.25 vs. 0.9 0.16; p = 0.0001), CAS (4.64 1.5 vs. 1.05 1.27; p = 0.0001) and intraocular pressure (IOP) (19.05 4.1 vs. 16.73 3.4 mmHg; p = 0.007). After a mean follow-up of 16.1 2.1 months, low disease activity (CAS 3), was achieved in 88 eyes (92.6%) and TCZ was withdrawn in 29 cases due to low disease activity (n = 25) or ine cacy (n = 4). No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, TCZ is a useful and safe therapeutic option in refractory GO treatment.This work was also partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER) and RD12/0009/0013 from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) (Spain)

Educating in antimicrobial resistance awareness: adaptation of the Small World Initiative program to service-learning.

The Small World Initiative (SWI) and Tiny Earth are a consolidated and successful education programs rooted in the USA that tackle the antibiotic crisis by a crowdsourcing strategy. Based on active learning, it challenges young students to discover novel bioactive-producing microorganisms from environmental soil samples. Besides its pedagogical efficiency to impart microbiology content in academic curricula, SWI promotes vocations in research and development in Experimental Sciences and, at the same time, disseminates the antibiotic awareness guidelines of the World Health Organization. We have adapted the SWI program to the Spanish academic environment by a pioneering hierarchic strategy based on service-learning that involves two education levels (higher education and high school) with different degrees of responsibility. Throughout the academic year, 23 SWI teams, each consisting of 3-7 undergraduate students led by one faculty member, coordinated off-campus programs in 22 local high schools, involving 597 high school students as researchers. Post-survey-based evaluation of the program reveals a satisfactory achievement of goals: acquiring scientific abilities and general or personal competences by university students, as well as promoting academic decisions to inspire vocations for science- and technology-oriented degrees in younger students, and successfully communicating scientific culture in antimicrobial resistance to a young stratum of society

La métrica de las canciones gallegas: consideraciones iniciales

El presente artículo explora la métrica de una muestra de canciones tomadas del Cancionero Gallego, de Martínez Torner y Bal y Gay, con el objetivo de demostrar que para entender los mecanismos métricos que rigen la estructura de estas canciones es necesario analizar la métrica del texto en relación con los elementos musicales primordiales de la melodía correspondiente, como son el pulso, la duración y la altura de las notas. Dicho análisis puede redundar en una mejor comprensión de cuestiones referentes a la fonología de la lengua, tales como la duración vocálica y el acento léxico en gallego

La entonación de las preguntas parciales en una situación de contacto lingüístico: el caso del gallego y el español de Galicia en hablantes bilingües

Although language contact is one of the driving forces of language change at any level, little is known about how intonational change may be induced by language contact. This article describes the intonational consequences of the contact between Galician and Spanish. In order to achieve this goal, a corpus comprising 546 Wh- questions collected by means of the Discourse Completion Task is analysed. The data obtained from bilingual speakers show that the intonation patterns of Wh- questions in Galician Spanish are the same as in Galician, while they differ from the intonation patterns of Wh- questions in the other documented varieties of Peninsular Spanish (Central Peninsular Spanish, Manchego, Andalusian, Cantabrian, Asturian and Leonese Spanish). This suggests that there exists a direct intonational transfer phenomenon from Galician to the variety of Spanish spoken by bilingual speakers in Galicia.Aunque el contacto entre lenguas es una de las fuerzas impulsoras del cambio lingüístico en cualquier nivel, se sabe poco sobre dicho contacto lingüístico y sobre si puede inducir el cambio entonativo. En este artículo se describen las posibles consecuencias del contacto entre el gallego y el español a nivel entonativo. Para lograr este objetivo, se analiza un corpus que comprende 546 preguntas parciales recopiladas por medio del método llamado Discourse Completion Task. Los datos obtenidos de hablantes bilingües muestran que la entonación de las preguntas parciales en el español de Galicia coincide con la entonación de dichas preguntas en gallego y difiere de la entonación de las preguntas parciales en las demás variedades peninsulares de español cuya entonación ha sido estudiada (como el castellano central, el manchego, el andaluz, el cántabro, el asturiano y el leonés).Eso sugiere que existe transferencia entonativa directa del gallego a la variedad de español hablado por hablantes bilingües en Galicia