Alliance free and alliance cover sets

A \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance} in $\Gamma=(V,E)$ is a set $S\subseteq V$ such that every $v$ in $S$ (in the boundary of $S$) has at least $k$ more neighbors in $S$ than it has in $V\setminus S$. A set $X\subseteq V$ is \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance free,} if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\setminus X\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $X$ does not contain any defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance as a subset. A set $Y \subseteq V$ is a \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance cover}, if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\cap Y\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $Y$ contains at least one vertex from each defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show several mathematical properties of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free sets and defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance cover sets, including tight bounds on the cardinality of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free (cover) sets

Antagonism of two ascomycetes against Phytophthora capsici Leonian, causing wilt of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

"En esta investigación se evaluó la actividad antagónica y protección de plántulas in vitro del ascomiceto Xylaria poitei, y la actividad antagónica de éste en combinación con un ascomiceto desconocido (AD) contra P. capsici, causante de la marchitez del chile. Xylaria poitei protegió plántulas de chile y permitió la sobrevivencia de un 58.3% de las plántulas, mientras que el oomiceto causó 100% de mortandad; además este hongo inhibió el crecimiento micelial de P. capsici hasta un 49.6% en uno de los experimentos donde se establecieron confrontaciones duales. En confrontaciones triples ambos ascomicetos incrementan ligeramente su inhibición a los 12 días de establecida la confrontación contra P. capsici; y aún mantienen la inhibición del oomiceto cuatro días después. Ambos ascomicetos estimulan o inhiben su crecimiento en alguna fecha de evaluación durante la confrontación entre ellos. El medio líquido papa dextrosa expuesto al crecimiento de X. poitei (filtrado) tiene baja actividad contra el crecimiento micelial de P. capsici. Los resultados anteriores indican que la actividad antagónica de ambos ascomicetos contra P. capsici se incrementa cuando ambos crecen en forma combinada respecto a las confrontaciones duales, y sugieren que la actividad antagónica de X. poitei es estimulada por la presencia del oomicete.""In this study we evaluated the antagonistic activity and protection of seedlings in vitro of the ascomycete Xylaria poitei, and its antagonistic activity in combination with an unknown ascomycete (AD) against P. capsici, the cause of wilt in pepper. Xylariapoitei protected pepper seedlings and allowed 58.3% survival of seedlings, while the oomycete caused 100% mortality, besides this fungus inhibited the mycelial growth of P. capsici up to 49.6% in one of the experiments where they settled dual confrontations. In triple confrontations both ascomycetes increase slightly their inhibition at 12 days of confortation against P. capsici, and still maintain the inhibition of the oomycete four days later. It was observed that both ascomycetes stimulare or inhibit each other growth at some time during the evaluation of confortation. The potato dextrose liquid medium exposed to the growth of X. poitei (filtrate) has low activity against the mycelial growth of P. capsici. The above results indicate that the antagonistic activity of both ascomycetes againstbP. capsici increases when they grow in combination with respect to the dual confrontations, and suggest that the antagonistic activity of X. poitei is stimulated by the presence of the oomycete.

Análisis fitoquímico y actividad antidiabética, antibacteriana y antifúngica de hojas de Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae)

Background and Aims: Bursera simaruba leaves are traditionally used to treat various illnesses. Nonetheless, there are few reports on the description of the phytochemicals potentially responsible for such biological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the antifungal, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential by using in vitro experiments, and to contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition of B. simaruba leaves. Methods: A methanolic extract (MeOH-Ex) of B. simaruba leaves was tested for antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic activities, and different groups of secondary metabolites were detected by qualitative assays. Furthermore, phytochemical analysis of MeOH-Ex was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI+-MS-QTOF), and putative identifications were performed using public spectral databases. Key results: The MeOH-Ex of the leaves of B. simaruba qualitatively contains alkaloids, terpenes and steroids, saponins, tannins, coumarins and phenolic compounds, such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, phlorizin, quercitrin, quercetin-glucoside and apigenin-glycoside. In addition, burseran and yatein lignans were tentatively identified. MeOH-Ex exhibited low antifungal activity against Fusarium solani (16.3% mycelial growth inhibition) and a high antidiabetic effect by in vitro inhibition of α-amylase (87.7%) and α-glucosidase (75.9%) enzymes. Finally, chlorogenic acid standard exhibited a significant inhibition of α-amylase (49.5%) and α-glucosidase (85.1%) enzymes. Conclusions: The MeOH-Ex of B. simaruba leaves represents a source of secondary metabolites with potential antidiabetic activity. The phenolic compounds tentatively identified could play important roles in preventing disorders due to post-prandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Chlorogenic acid presence is highlighted as one of the main potential bioactive compounds in B. simaruba leaves.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las hojas de Bursera simaruba se utilizan tradicionalmente para tratar diversas enfermedades. Sin embargo, existen pocos reportes sobre la descripción de los fitoquímicos potencialmente responsables de tales actividades biológicas. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el potencial antifúngico, antibacteriano y antidiabético mediante experimentos in vitro, así como contribuir al conocimiento de la composición química de las hojas de B. simaruba. Métodos: Se analizó la actividad antibacteriana, antifúngica y antidiabética de un extracto metanólico (MeOH-Ex) de hojas de B. simaruba, y se detectaron diferentes grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante ensayos cualitativos. Además, el análisis fitoquímico de MeOH-Ex se determinó con cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (UHPLC-ESI+-MS-QTOF), y las identificaciones putativas se realizaron utilizando bases de datos espectrales públicas. Resultados clave: El MeOH-Ex de las hojas de B. simaruba contiene cualitativamente alcaloides, terpenos y esteroides, saponinas, taninos, cumarinas y compuestos fenólicos, tales como ácido cafeico, ácido clorogénico, apigenina, kaempferol, florizina, quercitrina, quercetina-glucósido y apigenina-glucósido. Además, se identificaron tentativamente los lignanos burseran y yatein. El MeOH-Ex exhibió una baja actividad antifúngica contra Fusarium solani (16.3% de inhibición del crecimiento micelial) y un alto efecto antidiabético por inhibición in vitro de las enzimas α-amilasa (87.7%) y α-glucosidasa (75.9%). Finalmente, el estándar de ácido clorogénico mostró una inhibición significativa de las enzimas α-amilasa (49.5%) y α-glucosidasa (85.1%). Conclusiones: El MeOH-Ex de las hojas de B. simaruba representa una fuente de metabolitos secundarios con potencial actividad antidiabética. Los compuestos fenólicos tentativamente identificados podrían desempeñar un papel importante en la prevención de trastornos por hiperglucemia posprandial al inhibir las enzimas α-amilasa y α-glucosidasa. Destaca la presencia de ácido clorogénico como uno de los principales compuestos bioactivos potenciales en las hojas de B. simaruba

Antagonismo de dos ascomicetos contra phytophthora capsici leonian, causante de la marchitez del chile (capsicum annuum l.)

En esta investigación se evaluó la actividad antagónica y protección de plántulas in vitro del ascomiceto Xylaria poitei, y la actividad antagónica de éste en combinación con un ascomiceto desconocido (AD) contra P. capsici, causante de la marchitez del chile. Xylaria poitei protegió plántulas de chile y permitió la sobrevivencia de un 58.3% de las plántulas, mientras que el oomiceto causó 100% de mortandad; además este hongo inhibió el crecimiento micelial de P. capsici hasta un 49.6% en uno de los experimentos donde se establecieron confrontaciones duales. En confrontaciones triples ambos ascomicetos incrementan ligeramente su inhibición a los 12 días de establecida la confrontación contra P. capsici; y aún mantienen la inhibición del oomiceto cuatro días después. Ambos ascomicetos estimulan o inhiben su crecimiento en alguna fecha de evaluación durante la confrontación entre ellos. El medio líquido papa dextrosa expuesto al crecimiento de X. poitei (filtrado) tiene baja actividad contra el crecimiento micelial de P. capsici. Los resultados anteriores indican que la actividad antagónica de ambos ascomicetos contra P. capsici se incrementa cuando ambos crecen en forma combinada respecto a las confrontaciones duales, y sugieren que la actividad antagónica de X. poitei es estimulada por la presencia del oomicete

Impact of measurable residual disease by decentralized flow cytometry: a PETHEMA real-world study in 1076 patients with acute myeloid leukemia

The role of decentralized assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) for risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains largely unknown, and so it does which methodological aspects are critical to empower the evaluation of MRD with prognostic significance, particularly if using multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). We analyzed 1076 AML patients in first remission after induction chemotherapy, in whom MRD was evaluated by MFC in local laboratories of 60 Hospitals participating in the PETHEMA registry. We also conducted a survey on technical aspects of MRD testing to determine the impact of methodological heterogeneity in the prognostic value of MFC. Our results confirmed the recommended cutoff of 0.1% to discriminate patients with significantly different cumulative-incidence of relapse (-CIR- HR:0.71, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR: 0.73, P = 0.001), but uncovered the limited prognostic value of MFC based MRD in multivariate and recursive partitioning models including other clinical, genetic and treatment related factors. Virtually all aspects related with methodological, interpretation, and reporting of MFC based MRD testing impacted in its ability to discriminate patients with different CIR. Thus, this study demonstrated that “real-world” assessment of MRD using MFC is prognostic in patients at first remission, and urges greater standardization for improved risk-stratification toward clinical decisions in AML.This study was supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red – Área de Oncología - del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00284 and CB16/12/00400), Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS No. PI16/01661, PI16/00517 and PI18/01946), Gerencia Regional de Salud de CyL (GRS 1346/A/16) and the Plan de Investigación de la Universidad de Navarra (PIUNA 2014-18). This study was supported internationally by the Cancer Research UK, FCAECC and AIRC under the Accelerator Award Program EDITOR

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Scores for letters F, A, S, and animals and fruit categories were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 had a significant effect in Chile (animals), Cuba (A letter, fruits), Ecuador (animals, fruits), Honduras (F letter), Mexico (animals, fruits), Peru (fruits), and Spain (S letters, animals, fruits). Models showed an effect for MLPE in Chile (A letters, animals, fruits), Ecuador (S letter, animals, fruits), Guatelama (F, S letter, animals), Honduras (animals), Mexico (F, A, S letters, animals, fruits), Puerto Rico (A, letters, animals), and Spain (all scores). Sex scores were found significant in Chile (animals), Ecuador (A letter, fruits), Mexico (F letter, fruits), Paraguay (F, A, S letters, fruits), Puerto Rico (F letter, animals, fruits), and Spain (F letter, fruits). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest multi-national Spanish speaking-pediatric normative study in the world, and as such it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the phonological and semantic VFT in pediatric populations

Shortened Version of the Token Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Shortened Version of the Token Test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Shortened Version of the Token Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Shortened Version of the Token Test total scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models showed that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher score compared to children whose parents had a MLPE ≤12 years in Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Spain. The child’s sex did not have an effect in the Shortened Version of the Token Test total score for any of the countries. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the Shortened Version of the Token Test when used in pediatric populations

Ética Profesional y Responsabilidad Social Universitaria

este libro compila reflexiones y experiencias en responsabilidad social y ética profesional desde instituciones de Educación Superior. La responsabilidad social universitaria, como ámbito de investigación y de desarrollo conceptual y metodológico es transversal a las universidades, tanto desde el punto de vista organizacional, como desde el misional e investigativo. Quienes impulsen la responsabilidad social, requieren de ética profesional, que debe ser la clave para la construcción de principios que guíen a empresarios, políticos, gestores sociales, investigadores, entre otros, para lograr consensuar el a veces difícil equilibrio entre el bien común y el desarrollo personal

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales