Una reflexión sobre el proceso de fermentación de varios tipos de café según las características regionales

This paper reflects upon the importance of the identification and the potentiality in the obtaining process of differentiated coffees done in Fusagasugá, Pandy and Pasca towns through ecotopes used in four fermentation processes: traditional, honey, barrel and natural of differentiated coffee. Due to Sumapaz region producers’ unawareness of the new fermentation processes on differentiated coffees and considering the research objectives, this article presents a protocol for the fermentation processes and the setting and assessment of organoleptic qualities. Additionally, it is explained an analysis about the colorimetry of coffee grain body in the fermentation process by using images taken with a multispectral camera to be contrasted later with Pix4D software in the image processingEste artículo realiza una reflexión sobre la importancia de la identificación y potencialidad de la obtención de café diferenciado en los municipios de Fusagasugá, Pandi y Pasca, por ecotopos de cuatro procesos de fermentación: Tradicional, honey, barril y natural de café diferenciado, a partir del proyecto en curso. Este trabajo es importante porque llena el vació de conocimiento entre los productores de la región del Sumapaz, sobre los nuevos procesos de fermentación de café diferenciado, atendiendo a los objetivos planteados de realizar un protocolo de los procesos de fermentación, determinación y evaluación de sus características organolépticas. Adicionalmente, se analiza la colorimetría del cuerpo del grano durante el proceso de fermentación, apoyado en imágenes captadas por cámara multiespectral y contrastada en el software Pix4D de procesamiento de tales imágenes

Analysis of the investment costs in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Cundinamarca

Some of the most significant aspects in the selection of wastewater treatment plants are the investment costs, since they cross-linkthe treatment level, the quality of the raw wastewater, the design flow and the purpose of the treated wastewater. Through a multivariable exponential regression analysis, data from 51 projects of new treatment plants was analyzed, and from that process, data of cost scale elasticity was obtained, in slow growth, in comparison to the design flow for each of the treatment technologies analyzed

Hacia un cambio en el paradigma del manejo y modelación de sistemas de drenaje urbano en países en desarrollo

En países en vía de desarrollo, la falta de infraestructura de saneamiento básico y el número creciente de habitantes en sus centros urbanos han venido aumentando las demandas sobre los recursos hídricos disponibles. En el contexto de Bogotá (Colombia), este artículo emplea un marco de modelación integrada y presenta una revisión de estudios que han buscado una mejora en el manejo de los sistemas de drenaje urbano. Es sabido que hay una necesidad de evaluar estos sistemas como una única entidad cuando se busca propender por el control de la contaminación, su manejo y operación óptima. Esta visión holística ofrece la oportunidad de estudiar las interacciones entre los sub-sistemas y el impacto de la totalidad del sistema en la calidad del agua de los cuerpos receptores

El impacto de fomentar una cultura de emprendimiento en los estudiantes del Programa de Administración de Empresas en la Universidad Surcolombiana en la sede de Pitalito (Huila)

Este articulo tiene como propósito presentar un análisis sobre un espacio para la medición del impacto de las actividades de formación en emprendimiento y su interrelación entre la investigación, la creatividad y la innovación, el cual permitirá el fortalecimiento del emprendimiento en los estudiantes de la Universidad Surcolombiana sede Pitalito, con las posibilidades de asociarlos a planes o a Investigaciones de negocios futuras, que en esencia ratificaría el carácter de universidad a nuestra alma máter en el Valle de Laboyos.Este proyecto busca conocer los esfuerzos realizados en la formación para el emprendimiento y su impacto en la cultura emprendedora, insumo posterior para la búsqueda de la participación activa de los estudiantes universitarios del programa de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Surcolombiana en la sede de Pitalito, con la colaboración de gremios, empresario y el gobierno, donde se puedan impulsar procesos académicos y empresariales

Influência de um software educacional na consolidação do aprendizado de superfícies quádricas

Three-dimensional analytical geometry is important in multivariate calculus courses, but students have difficulty learning it. We present results from a research on learning quadric surfaces by means of a didactical intervention based on the 3-dimensional dynamic educational software GAnalitica3D. We analyze the influence of the constructivist and collaborative nature of teaching and the visualization skills necessary to interact with the software. The experimentation was carried out with university students, who solved the problems in small groups and then made whole group discussions. We report on the assessment of students’ initial knowledge carried out and present examples of solutions in which the progress and difficulties of students are demonstrated. We conclude that the software allows students to comprehensively relate the algebraic and visual representations of quadric surfaces, which facilitates their learning.La geometría analítica 3-dimensional es importante en los cursos de cálculo multivariado, no obstante los estudiantes tienen dificultades para su aprendizaje. Presentamos resultados de una investigación sobre aprendizaje de las superficies cuádricas mediante una intervención didáctica basada en el software dinámico 3-dimensional educativo GAnalitica3D. Analizamos la influencia del carácter constructivista y colaborativo de la enseñanza y de las habilidades de visualización necesarias para interactuar con el software. La experimentación se realizó con estudiantes universitarios, que resolvían los problemas en pequeños grupos y después hacían puestas en común. Informamos sobre la evaluación de conocimientos previos realizada y mostramos ejemplos de resoluciones en las que se aprecian el progreso y las dificultades de los estudiantes. Concluimos que el software permite relacionar comprensivamente las representaciones algebraica y visual de las superficies cuádricas, lo cual facilita su aprendizaje.A geometria analítica tridimensional é importante em cursos de cálculo multivariado, porém os alunos têm dificuldade em aprendê-la. Apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação sobre a aprendizagem de superfícies quádricas por meio de uma intervenção didática baseada no software educacional dinâmico tridimensional GAnalitica3D. Analisamos a influência da natureza construtivista e colaborativa do ensino e as habilidades de visualização necessárias para interagir com o software. A experimentação foi realizada com estudantes universitários, que resolveram os problemas em pequenos grupos e depois compartilharam. Relatamos a avaliação de conhecimentos prévios dos alunos realizada e apresentamos exemplos de resoluções em que são apreciados os avanços e dificuldades dos alunos. Concluímos que o software permite relacionar de forma abrangente as representações algébricas e visuais de superfícies quádricas, o que facilita a sua aprendizagem

Automatic reconstruction of a bacterial regulatory network using Natural Language Processing

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Manual curation of biological databases, an expensive and labor-intensive process, is essential for high quality integrated data. In this paper we report the implementation of a state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing system that creates computer-readable networks of regulatory interactions directly from different collections of abstracts and full-text papers. Our major aim is to understand how automatic annotation using Text-Mining techniques can complement manual curation of biological databases. We implemented a rule-based system to generate networks from different sets of documents dealing with regulation in <it>Escherichia coli </it>K-12.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Performance evaluation is based on the most comprehensive transcriptional regulation database for any organism, the manually-curated RegulonDB, 45% of which we were able to recreate automatically. From our automated analysis we were also able to find some new interactions from papers not already curated, or that were missed in the manual filtering and review of the literature. We also put forward a novel Regulatory Interaction Markup Language better suited than SBML for simultaneously representing data of interest for biologists and text miners.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Manual curation of the output of automatic processing of text is a good way to complement a more detailed review of the literature, either for validating the results of what has been already annotated, or for discovering facts and information that might have been overlooked at the triage or curation stages.</p

Orientaciones para la implementación de la Cátedra de Paz con enfoque de cultura ciudadana : lineamientos para la implementación de políticas, programas y proyectos educativos

La Secretaría de Educación del Distrito de Bogotá, D. C. (SED) presenta a los colegios estas Orientaciones para la implementación de la Cátedra de Paz con enfoque de cultura ciudadana, con las cuales se les invita a reflexionar y generar diálogos sobre por qué es importante una educación para la paz en el contexto particular de su escuela, de la ciudad y del país

Matemáticas en contexto

El libro compila estrategias didácticas derivadas del programa de formación complementario escritas por instructores técnicos de diferentes regionales del país, describe la forma en que se incorpora el conocimiento matemático en campos específicos de diferentes áreas de formación laboral basado en las teorías didácticas y reflexiones pedagógicas de instructores.The book compiles the didactic strategies derived from the complementary training program by the technical instructors of the regional media of the country, describes the way in which mathematical knowledge is incorporated in the fields of different areas of work training based on theories didactic and pedagogical reflections of instructors.Consideraciones frente al aprendizaje de las matemáticas -- Perspectiva constructivista -- Teoría de las situaciones didácticas -- Modelación matemática -- Mediación tecnológica -- Pensamiento numérico variacional -- Pensamiento numérico -- Pensamiento variacional -- Diseño de modelo matemático con aplicación de costos de producción -- Modelo matemático del consumo de gas en un artefacto afectado por su presión de trabajo -- Planeación de la producción agrícola: Caso plan óptimo de siembra que permita alcanzar la máxima rentabilidad del cultivo -- Estudio del Álgebra de Boole -- Diseño de un modelo de inventarios para una pequeña empresa de calzado de dotación -- Estudio de la Ley de Ohm mediante herramienta interactiva -- Pensamiento métrico-geométrico -- Pensamiento geométrico -- Pensamiento métrico -- Caso de optimización de recursos en el sector industrial de la confección -- Optimización de espacios para huertas urbanas -- Optimización de los costos del espacio de almacenamiento en microempresas y pequeñas empresas de acuerdo con las normas de seguridad vigentes -- Unidad de medida métrica para confección de ropa exterior femenina -- Optimización de recursos aplicando el proceso administrativo -- Pensamiento aleatorio -- Estadística Básica para Articulación con la Media -- Evaluación del impacto de la accidentalidad en la implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (sg-sst) por medio de indicadores -- Identificar los aspectos de la declaración de renta para una persona natural no obligada a llevar contabilidad -- Fortalecimiento de la estadística: caso de las unidades productivas del Centro de Biotecnología Agropecuaria -- Estadística dinámica -- Resultados preliminaresna[270 páginas

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common long-term respiratory disease affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Approximately half of people with asthma have an important allergic component to their disease, which may provide an opportunity for targeted treatment. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) aims to reduce asthma symptoms by delivering increasing doses of an allergen (e.g. house dust mite, pollen extract) under the tongue to induce immune tolerance. However, it is not clear whether the sublingual delivery route is safe and effective in asthma. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy compared with placebo or standard care for adults and children with asthma. SEARCH METHODS: We identified trials from the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (CAGR), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov), the World Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (www.who.int/ictrp/en/) and reference lists of all primary studies and review articles. The search is up to date as of 25 March 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included parallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs), irrespective of blinding or duration, that evaluated sublingual immunotherapy versus placebo or as an add-on to standard asthma management. We included both adults and children with asthma of any severity and with any allergen-sensitisation pattern. We included studies that recruited participants with asthma, rhinitis, or both, providing at least 80% of trial participants had a diagnosis of asthma. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened the search results for included trials, extracted numerical data and assessed risk of bias, all of which were cross-checked for accuracy. We resolved disagreements by discussion.We analysed dichotomous data as odds ratios (ORs) or risk differences (RDs) using study participants as the unit of analysis; we analysed continuous data as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects models. We rated all outcomes using GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and presented results in the 'Summary of findings' table. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-two studies met our inclusion criteria, randomly assigning 5077 participants to comparisons of interest. Most studies were double-blind and placebo-controlled, but studies varied in duration from one day to three years. Most participants had mild or intermittent asthma, often with co-morbid allergic rhinitis. Eighteen studies recruited only adults, 25 recruited only children and several recruited both or did not specify (n = 9).With the exception of adverse events, reporting of outcomes of interest to this review was infrequent, and selective reporting may have had a serious effect on the completeness of the evidence. Allocation procedures generally were not well described, about a quarter of the studies were at high risk of bias for performance or detection bias or both and participant attrition was high or unknown in around half of the studies.One short study reported exacerbations requiring a hospital visit and observed no adverse events. Five studies reported quality of life, but the data were not suitable for meta-analysis. Serious adverse events were infrequent, and analysis using risk differences suggests that no more than 1 in 100 are likely to suffer a serious adverse event as a result of treatment with SLIT (RD 0.0012, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.0077 to 0.0102; participants = 2560; studies = 22; moderate-quality evidence).Within secondary outcomes, wide but varied reporting of largely unvalidated asthma symptom and medication scores precluded meaningful meta-analysis; a general trend suggested SLIT benefit over placebo, but variation in scales meant that results were difficult to interpret.Changes in inhaled corticosteroid use in micrograms per day (MD 35.10 mcg/d, 95% CI -50.21 to 120.42; low-quality evidence), exacerbations requiring oral steroids (studies = 2; no events) and bronchial provocation (SMD 0.69, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.43; very low-quality evidence) were not often reported. This led to many imprecise estimates with wide confidence intervals that included the possibility of both benefit and harm from SLIT.More people taking SLIT had adverse events of any kind compared with control (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.38; low-quality evidence; participants = 1755; studies = 19), but events were usually reported to be transient and mild.Lack of data prevented most of the planned subgroup and sensitivity analyses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Lack of data for important outcomes such as exacerbations and quality of life and use of different unvalidated symptom and medication scores have limited our ability to draw a clinically useful conclusion. Further research using validated scales and important outcomes for patients and decision makers is needed so that SLIT can be properly assessed as clinical treatment for asthma. Very few serious adverse events have been reported, but most studies have included patients with intermittent or mild asthma, so we cannot comment on the safety of SLIT for those with moderate or severe asthma. SLIT is associated with increased risk of all adverse events