Alfabetización informacional y competencia digital en estudiantes de magisterio

Resumen:España es uno de los mayores consumidores de contenidos digitales de todo el mundo, especialmente contenidos audiovisuales compartidos en redes sociales, pero la competencia multimedia e informacional de su ciudadanía todavía resulta insuficiente. Paralelamente, son cuantiosos los estudios que evidencian que existe un vacío formativo al respecto en el ámbito universitario. Por ello, en este trabajo hemos querido analizar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes del área de educación -futuros graduados en Educación Infantil y Primaria- en relación con su competencia digital docente, detectar carencias e identificar su nivel competencial en materia de alfabetización mediática en convergencia con la competencia digital. Los estándares utilizados como referente nos los proporcionan el «Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente» del Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y la «Orientación Normativa y Estratégica de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional» de la UNESCO. En base a ellos, se ha elaborado un cuestionario online cuyos resultados evidencian que los alumnos de la Universidad Internacional de Valencia vinculados al magisterio muestran un nivel competencial avanzado en las áreas de información, comunicación y creación de contenidos audiovisuales, lo que garantiza competencias tanto multimedia e informacionales como digitales. Mientras que las habilidades más bajas están vinculadas con la seguridad y la innovación tecnológica. Asimismo, la autopercepción apriorística de los futuros maestros sobre su competencia digital supera las capacidades que manifiesta esta investigación mediante las evidencias proporcionadas por las respuestas del cuestionario. Abstract:Spain is one of the largest consumers of digital content worldwide, especially audiovisual content shared on social networks, but the media and information literacy of its citizens is still insufficient. In addition, there are many studies showing that there is a training gap on this subject at the university level. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze future Early Childhood and Primary education graduates’ perception regarding digital literacy in order to identify their shortfalls and assess their level of competence in media literacy in conjunction with digital literacy. As reference standards, we used the «Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente» by the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas and the «Orientación Normativa y Estratégica de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional» by UNESCO. From that point, an online questionnaire was implemented as an instrument for the development of this study. The results showed that Universidad Internacional de Valencia’s education students have an advanced level of competence in the areas of information, communication and audiovisual content creation, which ensures good media, information literacy and digital competences. They showed to have, however, poorer safety and technological innovation skills. Likewise, the future teachers’ personal perception about their digital competence is higher than the actual findings of this research show

Transparency in the Management of Spanish Public University Libraries Through the Internet

Transparency in the management of 50 Spanish public university libraries was analysed using information available on their websites. The method consisted of checking the websites to identify a set of 18 evaluation indicators associated with the specific case of libraries and the Spanish Transparency Act, notably the chapter on active publishing. The indicators have been used in previous studies with the same objective. The results of the analysis revealed shortcomings, although there were also examples of good practises for each indicator, identified with libraries that have introduced quality systems for management. The indicators that were found most frequently in the sample were regulations, specific regulations for some services and service charters. However, the sample lacked some indicators that are vital to understand the reasons behind the development and management of information resources, such as the policy or programme of collection management. We found a need to review the quantity and quality of information that can be consulted on libraries' websites, and the presentation and format of some types of information so that they can be reused

The Efficacy of Therapeutic Respiratory Muscle Training Interventions in People with Bronchiectasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Respiratory muscle dysfunction is an important health problem with high morbidity and mortality and associated costs in patients with bronchiectasis (BC). The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of therapeutic respiratory muscle training (RMT) interventions on improving sputum clearance, ventilator function, muscle strength and functional capacity in BC. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Two independent investigators searched using several electronic databases. The methodological quality of nine studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Study selection/eligibility criteria: The following were included: randomised controlled trials, randomised crossover trials and pilot studies of patients with BC that used the intervention as RMT (inspiratory/expiratory) and evaluations of respiratory muscle strength (maximal expiratory pressure/maximal inspiratory pressure). This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075101). Nine studies were included, five of which obtained an A recommendation grade, three with B, and one with C. Study quality was poor to good (mean PEDro Score of 6.375 out of 10). Studies had small sample sizes (8-98). Results show improvements on PImax in favour of therapeutic respiratory muscle training intervention (MD = 6.08; 95% CI = 1.38, 10.77; p < 0.01; I-2 = 92%). However, high heterogeneity was identified on meta-analysis

Bacteria-Carried Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Treatment of Anemia

The efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles for the treatment of anemia was sensibly higher when nanoparticles were incorporated onto the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum (MNP-bacteria) than when administrated as uncoated nanoparticles (MNP). Plasma iron and hemoglobin, intestine expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal Cytochrome b (DcytB), as well as hepatic expression of the hormone hepcidin were fully restored to healthy levels after administration of MNP-bacteria but not of MNP. A magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation showed accumulation of maghemite nanoparticles in intestine lumen when MNP-bacteria were administrated. In contrast, MNP barely reached intestine. In vivo MRI studies suggested the internalization of MNP-bacteria into enterocytes, which did not occur with MNP. Transmission electronic microscopy confirmed this internalization. The collective analysis of results point out that L. fermentum is an excellent carrier to overcome the stomach medium and drive maghemite nanoparticles to intestine, where iron absorption occurs. Due the probiotic ability to adhere to the gut wall, MNP-bacteria internalize into the enterocyte, where maghemite nanoparticles are delivered, providing an adequate iron level into enterocyte. This paper advances a new route for effective iron absorption in the treatment of anemia.The efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles for the treatment of anemia was sensibly higher when nanoparticles were incorporated onto the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum (MNP-bacteria) than when administrated as uncoated nanoparticles (MNP). Plasma iron and hemoglobin, intestine expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal Cytochrome b (DcytB), as well as hepatic expression of the hormone hepcidin were fully restored to healthy levels after administration of MNP-bacteria but not of MNP. A magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation showed accumulation of maghemite nanoparticles in intestine lumen when MNP-bacteria were administrated. In contrast, MNP barely reached intestine. In vivo MRI studies suggested the internalization of MNP-bacteria into enterocytes, which did not occur with MNP. Transmission electronic microscopy confirmed this internalization. The collective analysis of results point out that L. fermentum is an excellent carrier to overcome the stomach medium and drive maghemite nanoparticles to intestine, where iron absorption occurs. Due the probiotic ability to adhere to the gut wall, MNP-bacteria internalize into the enterocyte, where maghemite nanoparticles are delivered, providing an adequate iron level into enterocyte. This paper advances a new route for effective iron absorption in the treatment of anemia

Polyphenol-Rich Extracts Obtained from Winemaking Waste Streams as Natural Ingredients with Cosmeceutical Potential

Producción CientíficaPhenolics present in grapes have been explored as cosmeceutical principles, due to their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes relevant for skin ageing. The winemaking process generates large amounts of waste, and the recovery of bioactive compounds from residues and their further incorporation in cosmetics represents a promising market opportunity for wine producers and may contribute to a sustainable development of the sector. The extracts obtained from grape marc and wine lees, using solid–liquid (SL) extraction with and without microwave (MW) pretreatment of the raw material, were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity through chemical (ORAC/HOSC/HORAC) and cell-based (keratinocytes—HaCaT; fibroblasts—HFF) assays. Furthermore, their inhibitory capacity towards specific enzymes involved in skin ageing (elastase; MMP-1; tyrosinase) was evaluated. The total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were determined by colorimetric assays, and HPLC–DAD–MS/MS was performed to identify the main compounds. The MW pretreatment prior to conventional SL extraction led to overall better outcomes. The red wine lees extracts presented the highest phenolic content (3 to 6-fold higher than grape marc extracts) and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, being also the most effective inhibitors of elastase, MMP-1 and tyrosinase. The results support that winemaking waste streams are valuable sources of natural ingredients with the potential for cosmeceutical applications.European project WineSense (project FP7-386 MC-IAPP)Junta de Castilla y León (project VA040U16)Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (fellowship FPU13/04678)Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (grants PEst-OE/EQB/LA0004/2011 and UID/Multi/04462/2013)iNOVA4Health (grant UID/Multi/04462/2013

Traducción y adaptación transcultural al español, catalán y gallego de la escala Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 para la detección de depresión en Atención Primaria

Altres ajuts: Este trabajo recibió financiación de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC) al resultar ganador de una ayuda para la realización de tesis doctorales Isabel Fernández 2019. Este proyecto ha recibido una beca de la Fundación Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salud Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP Jordi Gol 7Z19/019) para la capacitación en investigación y realización del doctorado en Atención Primaria y otra beca de la cátedra de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona-Novartis de investigación en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, ambas en la convocatoria 2019. Estas ayudas han sido otorgadas a la autora M. Rodríguez-Barragán.Describir el proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural de la escala Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) al español, catalán y gallego. Traducción, adaptación transcultural y análisis de la comprensibilidad mediante entrevistas cognitivas. Unidades de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Barcelona y Vigo. Médicos de familia y pacientes de Atención Primaria. Siguiendo las guías de la International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR), se realizaron: 1) traducción directa; 2) estudio piloto basado en metodología Delphi con médicos de familia; 3) retrotraducción; 4) análisis de equivalencias; 5) análisis de comprensibilidad de las versiones obtenidas en español, catalán y gallego mediante entrevista cognitiva en una muestra de pacientes, y 6) armonización transcultural. En el estudio Delphi participaron 73 médicos de familia. El consenso se estableció en la primera ronda para la traducción española y catalana, y en la segunda ronda para la gallega. Las retrotraducciones fueron similares en los 3 idiomas. Todas las versiones fueron equivalentes entre ellas y respecto a la versión original inglesa. En la entrevista cognitiva participaron 10 pacientes por cada idioma, sin que se modificara la redacción de los ítems. Las traducciones de la escala HSCL-25 en español, catalán y gallego son equivalentes semántica y conceptualmente a la versión original. Las traducciones son comprensibles y bien aceptadas por los pacientes

Adjuvant Ozonetherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Tumors: A Comparative Study

Advanced head and neck (H&N) tumors have a poor prognosis, and this is worsened by the occurrence of hypoxia and ischemia in the tumors. Ozonetherapy has proved useful in the treatment of ischemic syndromes, and several studies have described a potential increase of oxygenation in tissues and tumors. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical effect of ozonetherapy in patients with advanced H&N cancer in the course of their scheduled radiotherapy. Over a period of 3 years, 19 patients with advanced H&N tumors who were undergoing treatment in our department with non-standard fractionated radiotherapy plus oral tegafur. A group of 12 patients was additionally treated with intravenous chemotherapy before and/or during radiotherapy. In the other group of seven patients, systemic ozonetherapy was administered twice weekly during radiotherapy. The ozonetherapy group was older (64 versus 54 years old, P = 0.006), with a higher percentage of lymph node involvement (71% versus 8%, P = 0.019) and with a trend to more unfavorable tumor stage (57% versus 8% IVb + IVc stages, P = 0.073). However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the chemotherapy (median 6 months) and ozonetherapy (8 months) groups. Although these results have to be viewed with caution because of the limited number of patients, they suggest that ozonetherapy could have had some positive effect during the treatment of our patients with advanced H&N tumors. The adjuvant administration of ozonetherapy during the chemo–radiotherapy for these tumors merits further research

La participación de la familia en el desarrollo escolar y social del adolescente con discapacidad visual: abordaje terapéutico grupal

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las implicaciones de los grupos terapéuticos con familiares de adolescentes con discapacidad visual en el desarrollo escolar y social de los/as adolescentes. Utilizó el método cualitativo longitudinal. Participaron de la investigación familiares de adolescentes con discapacidad visual atendidos en un servicio universitario de rehabilitación. Se realizó una entrevista inicial abierta, grupos terapéuticos con familiares y entrevista final también abierta. Los registros fueron realizados por medio de audio, video y diario de campo. Se realizó análisis de contenido. Fueron definidas tres categorías de análisis: 1) Sentimientos y expectativas de las con relación al adolescente con discapacidad visual; 2) Reconociendo de barreras, accesibilidad y uso de Tecnología Asistida en el área visual; 3) Evaluando las vivencias en grupos terapéuticos de familiares. La investigación permitió profundizar el conocimiento sobre la participación de la familia en el desarrollo escolar y social del adolescente con discapacidad visual por medio del abordaje grupal. Además, permitió la intervención junto a la familia para acoger sus angustias y sentimientos, aclarar dudas, informar y promover conocimiento sobre estrategias que favorezcan el desempeño escolar de adolescentes con discapacidad visual y fortalecer la búsqueda de sus derechos

Adolescents and young adults evaluating a website for affective‐sexual information and education: a mixed‐methods study protocol

The website Sexe Joves is a website on sexuality of the Department of Health of the Government of Catalonia (Spain). This study aims to understand the experiences and opinions of people aged 14 to 25 regarding this website, taking into account sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status and location within Catalonia (urban, semiurban and rural areas). With the objective of improving the website and adpating the resources allocated to it, this study evaluates whether this population is familiar with it and uses it, as well as the website's usability and accessibility (digital equity), usefulness and the relevance of its content. A parallel convergent triangulation design is used: a qualitative study using a social constructivist perspective, and an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional quantitative study. We conduct a discourse analysis of participants and use an 'ad hoc' questionnaire to collect quantitative data. A descriptive analysis of all variables is carried out. Affective-sexual education aimed at young people must stem from their participation and the whole range of sexual and gender diversity in order to reach the entire population equally. This analysis will contribute to the design of new strategies for the wesbite Sexe Joves, a public health resource, in order to improve affective-sexual education for young people

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of cis/trans-N-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3, 1-benzoxazin-2-imines

The growing interest in the chemistry of unsaturated ring-fused 1,3-heterocycles, in this particular case 1,3-oxazines, arise in part from their versatile pharmacological applications. In the present article, the evaluation of the in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity of two cyclohexene-fused oxazines is discussed. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by trapping the ABTS and hydroxyl radicals as well as the inhibition of the enzyme acetyl-cholinesterase and hemolysis of erythrocytes by 2,2’-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The results suggest that both unsaturated 1,3-oxazines are auspicious sources of biologically active compounds with good antioxidant properties. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between these heterocycles with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, as well as the measurements of redox potential, provided evidence for a mechanism of antioxidant activity that takes place through electron transfer (ET) processes.Fil: Firpo, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Faillace, Martín Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: de Brito, Maria Dos R. Mendes. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Silva, Ana P. S. Correia Lima E.. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Costa, Jessica Pereira. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Rodríguez, Marcela C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Argüello, Gustavo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Szakonyi, Zsolt. Institute Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Szent-györ; HungríaFil: Fülöp, Ferenc. Institute Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Szent-györ; HungríaFil: Peláez, Walter José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin