La alfabetización digital y los géneros discursivos. Un proyecto de escritura digital con alumnos de cuarto de secundaria obligatoria (15-16 años)

The concept of digital literacy, as a set of abilities to use Information and Communication Technologies, has gained nowadays a dimension which goes beyond instrumentalityability to use different technological resources and could be defined as the acquisition of competences related to the search, analysis, selection and communication of data and information which allow students to transform information into knowledge. Having this in mind and within the didactic tradition of language projects, we have carried out an experience involving students of 4th year of ESO (Compulsory Secondary School) during the school year 2006-2007. It has basically consisted in the elaboration of language and literature contents which the students have used as a means to become writers and editors of an anthology of poems of Generation of"27 and of a blog or learning diary

Introdución á análise numérica. Erros no cálculo numérico

Titulación: Grao en Matemáticas -- Materia: Cálculo numérico nunha variableA Matemática Aplicada caracterízase pola interpretación e creación de teoría matemática que posibilite a resolución de problemas. A abordaxe dende un punto de vista matemático dun problema real de interese esixe: o establecemento dunha formulación matemática do problema, a análise e a resolución de dita formulación e a interpretación da solución obtida. Estas tres etapas(formulación, análise máis resolución e interpretación de resultados)son os piares básicos do procedemento coñecido como modelado matemático. Este proceso, imprescindible na aplicación das matemáticas, constitúe o campo de acción da Matemática Aplicada. Na etapa de resolución ocorre que os modelos reais son en xeral o suficientemente complicados como para que non se poida obter unha fórmula explícita que relacione as incógnitas cos datos do problema. É aquí onde intervén a Análise Numérica,disciplina das matemáticas que se ocupa da descrición e análise de métodos, que se van implantar nunha máquina de cálculo, para a obtención da solución aproximada (ou exacta ocasionalmente) dun problema matemático. Estes métodos son camiños que se constrúen botando man de calquera posible ferramenta matemática que poida valer. É por isto que a Análise Numérica aliméntase das propias matemáticas nas que vive. Cálculo numérico nunha variable é unha materia con contidos da disciplina Análise Numérica. Neste sentido constitúe, xunto coas materias cronoloxicamente posteriores Análise numérica matricial, Métodos numéricos en optimización e ecuacións diferenciais, Modelización matemática (as tres obrigatorias), Análise numérica de ecuacións en derivadas parciais e Taller de problemas industriais(ámbalas dúas optativas), un elo básico na formación dun matemático aplicado,formación que o alumnado poderá incrementar e perfeccionar coa realización do Máster universitario en enxeñaría matemática. Calquera método dos estudados no campo da Análise Numérica, e en particular dos estudados en Cálculo numérico nunha variable, está elaborado para ser aplicado. A súa aplicación contén unha fase final que constitúe un conxunto de certas operacións aritméticas e lóxicas nunha orde determinada e sen ambigüidade que é preciso executar nunha máquina de cálculo, motivo polo que esta ferramenta resulta imprescindible. Para realizar esta tarefa, precísanse ter adquiridos certos coñecementos básicos de informática, entre eles o inicio na aprendizaxe dunha linguaxe de programación (formación proporcionada pola materia Informática do primeiro curso do Grao en Matemáticas).Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüístic

The influence of differences between father and mother on adolescent adjustment

Este trabajo se centra en analizar cómo influyen en el consumo de sustancias (tabaco, alcohol y cannabis) y el bienestar psicológico adolescente (calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y satisfacción vital) las diferencias entre el padre y la madre en afecto, promoción de la autonomía, revelación, interés y conocimiento. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10170 chicos y chicas españoles de 13 a 18 años de familias biparentales que participaron en la edición 2006 del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes que indicaron que su padre y madre coincidían en presentar altos niveles en las dimensiones familiares analizadas consumieron menos sustancias y tuvieron mejor bienestar psicológico. Por el contrario, el ajuste de los adolescentes cuyos progenitores (padre y madre) tenían bajos niveles en esas dimensiones familiares fue peor. Concretamente, la dimensión más importante para el consumo de sustancias fue el conocimiento parental y para el bienestar psicológico lo fue el afecto parental; la revelación adolescente solo fue relevante para el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de vida, mientras que la promoción parental de la autonomía lo fue para la calidad de vida.This paper analyzes how the differences between father and mother in affection, promotion of autonomy, disclosure, solicitation and knowledge influence on substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis) and psychological well-being (health-related quality of life and life satisfaction). The sample was composed of 10170 boys and girls aged 13 to 18 years from two-parent families who participated in 2006 edition of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Results indicated that adolescents whose both parents had high values for the different family dimensions used less substance and scored higher in psychological well-being. In contrast, the adjustment of adolescents whose both parents had low values for the different family dimensions was worse. Specifically, the most important dimension for substance use was parental knowledge and for psychological well-being was parental affection; adolescent disclosure was only relevant for alcohol use and quality of life, and parental promotion of autonomy for quality of life

Social support from developmental contexts and adolescent substance use and well-being: a comparative study of Spain and Portugal

The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .032), teacher ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .018) and classmate ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .056) and friend ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .040). In contrast, only family support ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal

Quality management and integrated total quality in spanish mining: results of an empirical research

This paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in Spain among mining companies that hold ISO 9001 certification. The two aims of the study were: first, to think about the situation of quality management in Spanish mining, and secondly to discover if the certification of this systems set a solid base that lead the company in a journey towards total quality management integrated with other management systems as important in this kind of industry as the environmental management or the occupational health and safety management

Sense of coherence and substance use in Spanish adolescents. Does the effect of SOC depend on patterns of substance use in their peer group?

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar las relaciones entre el sentido de coherencia (SOC) y el consumo de sustancias en los adolescentes españoles y el potencial efecto moderador de los patrones de consumo de sustancias en el grupo de iguales en dicha relación. La muestra constaba de 5475 adolescentes españoles de 15 a 18 años, participantes en la edición 2010 del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Los análisis estadísticos consistieron en análisis de cluster, para identificar grupos de adolescentes según los patrones de consumo de sustancias en su grupo de iguales, y regresión logística, con el SOC y los patrones de consumo en el grupo de iguales como predictores del consumo actual de tabaco y alcohol, episodios de embriaguez alguna vez en la vida y en la actualidad. Los resultados mostraron que un fuerte SOC parecía reducir la probabilidad de consumo de tabaco y episodios de embriaguez, pero no se asoció con el consumo actual de alcohol. Además, el efecto protector del SOC estaba moderado por los patrones de consumo del grupo de iguales. En concreto, el SOC tuvo un efecto protector significativo en los adolescentes cuyo grupo de iguales mostraba un patrón de no consumo o de frecuente consumo de alcohol y episodios de embriaguez ocasionales, pero el efecto del SOC desapareció si el patrón de consumo de los iguales incluía drogas ilegales. En conclusión, el SOC tiende a actuar como un factor protector individual respecto al consumo de sustancias durante la adolescencia, pero la influencia del grupo de iguales parece moderar dicho efecto protector del SOC.The aims of this work were to analyse the relationships between sense of coherence (SOC) and substance use among Spanish adolescents and to examine the potential moderator effect of the patterns of substance use in the peer group. Sample consisted of 5475 Spanish adolescents aged 15 to 18 from the 2010 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Statistical analysis included cluster analysis to identify groups of adolescents according to their peer group’s patterns of substance use and logistic regression with SOC and peers’ pattern of consumption as predictors of current tobacco use, current alcohol use, life-time drunkenness and current drunkenness. The results showed that a strong SOC seemed to reduce the adolescents’ likelihood of involving in tobacco use and drunkenness, but it was not associated with being a current drinker. In addition, the protective effect of SOC was moderated by peers’ patterns of substance use. Specifically, SOC had a significant protective influence in adolescents whose peer group showed either a nonconsumption pattern or a pattern of frequent alcohol use and occasional drunkenness; but the protective effect of SOC disappeared if peers showed a pattern of consumption that included illegal drugs. In conclusion, SOC tends to act as a protective personal variable with respect to substance use during adolescence, but the influence exerted by the peer group seems to moderate the aforementioned protective effect of SOC

Parent–child relationships and adolescents' life satisfaction across the first decade of the new millennium

Objective To examine whether changes occurred in parent–child relationships (maternal and paternal affection, ease of communication with the mother and father, maternal and paternal knowledge, and family activities) between 2002 and 2010 in boys and girls and to examine the contributions of these family dimensions to life satisfaction. Background Although parent–child relationships may be affected by social change, there are few investigations of change in parent–child relationships over time. Method The sample consisted of 46,593 adolescents between 11 to 18 years of age who participated in the 2002, 2006, or 2010 editions of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Spain. Trend analysis including univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and factorial ANOVAs were conducted separately for boys and girls, and effect size tests were calculated. Results Communication with fathers and family activities statistically increased across HBSC editions and parent–child relationships were positively associated with life satisfaction across the examined period. Conclusion There were small positive changes in some family dimensions, and some of them were increasingly important for adolescent life satisfaction over time. Implications Interventions for strengthening parent–child relationships and promoting adolescent well-being should include mothers and fathers and emphasize affection, communication, and family activities.Ministerio de Educación FPU2009-097

Assessing adolescents' information management with mothers and fathers: a brief report

Adolescents’ information management is a fundamental topic for research on adolescence, with numerous studies using Kerr and Stattin’s (2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000) scale or adapted versions from this tool for the assessment of this key dimension of parent-child relationships. Although this measure was initially considered to be a unidimensional scale assessing disclosure, studies later suggested a two-factor structure, making a distinction between disclosure and secrecy. The objective of this study is to analyse the factorial structure of Kerr and Stattin’s (2000) original scale of routine disclosure, including a separate analysis of the scale functioning when used to assess information management with mothers and with fathers. Participants came from a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 11–18 years old who had taken part in the 2014 edition of the WHO-collaborative survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using EQS 6.1 to compare two competing factorial structures based on the literature: one factor vs two correlated factors. Results showed that the two correlated-factors structure had a better fit to the data, both for the analysis of the maternal and paternal scales. However, one of the disclosure items also loaded on secrecy, which can be attributed to the item content. Therefore, although our results further support the differentiation between disclosure and secrecy, they also point to a possible effect of the imbalance of item content in this scale functioning, which requires attention in future research.Ministerio de Salud, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad de Españ

Características palinológicas de las mieles de castaño de Galicia (NO España)

Características palinológicas de las mieles de castaño de Galicia (NO España). Se han estudiado melisopalinológicamente 83 muestras de miel de Galicia con porcentajes superiores al 70% de polen de Castanea. El 46% de las muestras presenta porcentajes de este tipo polínico comprendidos entre el 70% y el 79%, el 43% valores entre el 80% y el 89% y el 11% restante valores de este polen superiores al 89%. El número medio de tipos polínicos es de 21 y el índice de mielada es nulo o muy bajo para todas las muestras. En cuanto a la riqueza polínica presentan una media de 26.384 granos de polen por gramo de miel. Otros tipos polínicos presentes en estas mieles son: Rubus, Erica, Eucalyptus, Cytisus y Campanula. Este tipo de mieles se producen, principalmente, en las provincias de Lugo y Ourense. En Lugo, la zona centro y las sierras orientales son las de mayor producción. En Ourense lo son las zonas de montaña de las sierras de Manzaneda, Queixa, San Mamede, el valle del Sil y el límite de la provincia con Portugal. En la provincia de Pontevedra la principal zona de producción es la comarca del Deza, mientras que en A Coruña es la zona Norte. Las principales características diferenciadoras de las mieles de castaño gallegas con respecto a otras de producción española son la ausencia de Lavandula stoechas, Cistus ladanifer, Clematis vitalba, Melilotus y la escasa presencia de Calluna vulgaris