Fetal undernutrition is associated with perinatal sex-dependent alterations in oxidative status

This is the published version of a work that was accepted for publication in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemestry. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemestry 26.12 (2015). DOI: 10.1016/jnubio.2015.09.004Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes to hypertension development, known as fetal programming. Females are less susceptible, which has been mainly attributed to estrogen influence. We hypothesize that perinatal differences in oxidative status might also contribute. We studied 21-day-old (prepuberal) and 6-month-old male and female Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes to hypertension development, known as fetal programming. Females are less susceptible, which has been mainly attributed to estrogen influence. We hypothesize that perinatal differences in oxidative status might also contribute. We studied 21-day-old (prepuberal) and 6-month-old male and female offspring from rats fed ad libitum during gestation (Control) or with 50% of Control daily intake from day 10 to delivery (maternal undernutrition, MUN). We assessed in vivo blood pressure and the following plasma biomarkers of oxidative status: protein carbonyls, thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) and catalase activities; we calculated a global score (oxy-score) from them. Estradiol and melatonin concentration was measured in young rats. Prepuberal MUN males were normotensive but already exhibited increased carbonyls and lower thiols, GSH, SOSA and melatonin; oxy-score was significantly lower compared to Control males. Prepuberal MUN females only exhibited reduced SOSA compared to Control females. Adult rats from all experimental groups showed a significant increase in carbonyls and a decrease in antioxidants compared to prepuberal rats; oxy-score was negative in adult rats suggesting the development of a prooxidative status as rat age. Adult MUN males were hypertensive and exhibited the highest increase in carbonyls despite similar or even higher antioxidant levels compared to Controls. Adult MUN females remained normotensive and did not exhibit differences in any of the biomarkers compared to Controls. The better global antioxidant status developed by MUN females during perinatal life could contribute to their protection against hypertension programming.offspring from rats fed ad libitum during gestation (Control) or with 50% of Control daily intake from day 10 to delivery (maternal undernutrition, MUN). We assessed in vivo blood pressure and the following plasma biomarkers of oxidative status: protein carbonyls, thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) and catalase activities; we calculated a global score (oxy-score) from them. Estradiol and melatonin concentration was measured in young rats. Prepuberal MUN males were normotensive but already exhibited increased carbonyls and lower thiols, GSH, SOSA and melatonin; oxy-score was significantly lower compared to Control males. Prepuberal MUN females only exhibited reduced SOSA compared to Control females. Adult rats from all experimental groups showed a significant increase in carbonyls and a decrease in antioxidants compared to prepuberal rats; oxy-score was negative in adult rats suggesting the development of a prooxidative status as rat age. Adult MUN males were hypertensive and exhibited the highest increase in carbonyls despite similar or even higher antioxidant levels compared to Controls. Adult MUN females remained normotensive and did not exhibit differences in any of the biomarkers compared to Controls. The better global antioxidant status developed by MUN females during perinatal life could contribute to their protection against hypertension programming.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Spain (grant number FEM2012-37634-C03-01 to S. M. Arribas) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Banco - Santander (Interuniversity Cooperation Project, Center for Latin American Studies, Santander, USA 2013–2014 to M. A. Martín-Cabrejas)

Quid: observatorio de medios

Informe organizado en cinco capítulos. En "El sistema de comunicación en Guadalajara" se incluyen trabajos sobre la transformación de algunos medios de comunicación, nuevos medios de comunicación en línea, periodismo religioso, la falta de institucionalidad en el Sistema Jalisciense de Radio y Televisión, y el sistema legal de radiodifusión y telecomunicaciones. En "Libertad de expresión en Jalisco", se presentan trabajos sobre la inseguridad laboral en los medios de comunicación, el desinformado cuarto de guerra del gobernador Aristóteles Sandoval, y sobre los periodistas escritores. En el apartado "Derecho a la información en Jalisco", se presenta un trabajo sobre la mucha administración y dosificada transparencia del Instituto de Trasparencia e Información Pública de Jalisco. El quinto apartado es una semblanza sobre “Rudy”, Rodolfo Rosales López, fotoperiodista tapatío. En el último apartado, “La investigación del observatorio de medios”, se presenta un trabajo sobre la cobertura en temas de medio ambiente y cambio climático en el periódico El Informador.ITESO, A.C

Q ITESO: Análisis Crítico de Medios

En esta séptima entrega de Q ITESO: Análisis Crítico de Medios se examina un 2014 colmado de acontecimientos sobre la reconfiguración de los medios de Jalisco y del país, y sus relaciones con el estado, los empresarios y el público. Destaca la aprobación de la Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiocomunicación y los nuevos equilibrios de poder que esto supone. También, se analizan las alianzas de algunos diarios nacionales y del estado con medios extranjeros, para compensar algunas carencias y ampliar su oferta editorial e informativa. Otras cuestiones no menos relevantes tienen que ver con la libertad de expresión y la inseguridad laboral en la que viven muchos trabajadores de los medios de comunicación jaliscienses, sobre todo los impresos, y el caso emblemático del llamado “cuarto de guerra” al servicio del gobernador del estado, Aristóteles Sandoval, para espiar -y en ocasiones hasta coaccionar- a directivos y reporteros de medios para atenuar la crítica al gobierno. El derecho a la información, la transparencia, la situación de los nuevos medios en línea, los periodistas que publican libros, el cambio climático y los periodistas que ya no están con nosotros merecen también una mirada atenta en este informe.ITESO, A.C

Ética profesional en educación superior : finalidades, estrategias y desafíos de la formación

Todo proyecto educativo que no responde a su época se expone a problemas de legitimidad y al duro escrutinio y sanción de los usuarios. Las instituciones de educación superior no son la excepción de esta premisa clásica, incluso más validada por eldinamismos, la versatilidad y ojo crítico en el mundo contemporáneo. La ética se ha convertido en el baremo principal para someter a juicio a las instituciones y a las personas que ahí actuan, como a las finalidades que se pretenden en sus acciones. En esta perspectiva, debe examinarse la función de las instituciones de educación superior.Este libro es el esfuerzo colectivo por acercarnos a esa problemática, en especial a las finalidades, estrategias y relaciones en juego para cumplir la tarea de la formación y sus nexos inevitables con la ética profesional

PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ

Weight-specific quality of life and nutritional status of adolescents in northeastern of Mexico

Introduction: overweight and obesity in adolescents are related to psychological consequences, so it is important to explore the variable of weight-specific quality of life in this population. Objective:  to examine the differences in the weight-specific quality of life of adolescents according to their nutritional status in northeastern Mexico. Method: 104 adolescents participated. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included measures of weight-specific quality of life. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Results: 53,8 % of the participants were male (n=56), 16,34 % (n=17) were overweight and 31,7 % (n=33) had some degree of obesity. Of the overweight-obese adolescents, 56,7 % reported a lower quality of life with respect to their weight (Cramer\u27s V = 0.142, p = 0.352). In general, it was found that adolescents more frequently reported a lower quality of life (73,2 %) with respect to their weight. Conclusions: in his sample Mexican adolescents, overweight and obesity was associated with significantly lower weight-specific quality of life. Interventions that integrate strategies for emotional self-care related to body weight are recommended

COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA) DEPREDADORES DE Aphis craccivora (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) EN EL CULTIVO DE Lablab purpureus EN ICA, PERÚ

Lablab-bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), is a legume consumed in the peruvian coast as grain and is frequently used as fodder for livestock. However, it is affected by biting-sucking insects such as aphids (Aphididae); which have natural enemies like ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), frequently used in biological control programs. The aim of this research was to identify the predatory Coccindellidae and the main aphid species in lablab-bean crops in Ica, Peru. For this, random samples were carried out for the collection of specimens, in backyard crops located in the District of Los Aquijes, Department of Ica. A net, glass vials with cap, ethanol 70% and plastic bags were used. Subsequently, the specimens were mounted and labeled, to later identify them with the help of stereoscope and specialized literature. According to the results, 26 adult specimens were identified, corresponding to the Coccinellidae species Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773 (7); Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (5); and Cycloneda sanguinea (L., 1763) (14). The predominant aphid species was identified as Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854; being the lablab-bean a new host report. This agrees with other works, since both pest and predators have a wide distribution in America. In conclusion, the plant-pest-predator interaction is constituted by L. purpureus as crop; A. craccivora as pest; H. convergens, C. sanguinea and H. axyridis as predators.  La zarandaja (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), es una leguminosa consumida en la costa peruana como grano y se aprovecha como forraje para el ganado. Sin embargo, es afectada por especies de insectos picadores-chupadores como los áfidos (Aphididae); los cuales tienen enemigos naturales como las mariquitas (Coccinellidae), utilizadas con frecuencia en programas de control biológico. El presente trabajo consistió en identificar las especies de Coccinellidae depredadores y la especie de Aphididae predominante en el cultivo de zarandaja en Ica, Perú. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos aleatorios para la colecta de especímenes, en cultivos de traspatio situados en el Distrito de Los Aquijes, Departamento de Ica. Se utilizó red, viales de vidrio con tapa, etanol al 70% y bolsas plásticas. Posteriormente, se realizó el montaje y rotulado de especímenes, para luego identificarlos con ayuda del estereoscopio y literatura especializada. Del material colectado, se identificaron 26 especímenes adultos, correspondientes a las especies de Coccinellidae Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773 (7); Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (5); y Cycloneda sanguinea (L., 1763) (14). El pulgón predominante se identificó como Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854; siendo la zarandaja un nuevo hospedante a ser incluido. Esto concuerda con lo expuesto en otros trabajos, ya que tanto la plaga como los depredadores son especies de amplia distribución en América. En conclusión, la interacción trófica en Ica estuvo constituida por L. purpureus como cultivo; A. craccivora como plaga; H. convergens, C. sanguinea y H. axyridis como depredadores. &nbsp

Graphite Oxide: A Simple and Reproducible Synthesis Route

The synthesis of graphite oxide (GrO) by oxidation of graphite has been carried out by different procedures. In this chapter, we describe a simple synthesis route based on Hummers’ method without the usage of NaNO3 achieving nearly the same outcomes, and this methodology is directed toward high-quality scale production of GrO with similar properties compared with GrO obtained with traditional and improved Hummers’ methods. The GrO was obtained in a series of batch reactions and characterized by different techniques, and the results showed identical interlayer d-space, type and content of oxygen functionalities, and ID/IG ratio. The high reproducibility of this methodology offers an efficient alternative for the large-scale production of graphene oxide

Acceptability and tolerability of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. beverage and effect on biomarkers of pregnant women : Phase I pilot trial

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) is a plant in the Malvaceae family, known as roselle, whose calyces contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Various studies have demonstrated its antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and glycemic control effects. During pregnancy, women also experience metabolic and biochemical changes that allow them to adapt to the development of a new human being. Among these metabolic changes are increased plasma concentrations of glucose and fatty acids, which can serve as substrates for fetal growth. However, if not adequately controlled, they can lead to gestational diabetes and dyslipidemia. One of the main complications of pregnancy is hypertensive disorders, which affect 10% of worldwide pregnancies and are the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the acceptability and tolerability of a Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage and its effect on biomarkers in women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A four-week phase I pilot trial was conducted in women in their second trimester of pregnancy. Participants consumed a daily dose of HS beverage, which provides 9.6 mg of total anthocyanins, and several metabolic parameters were recorded (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations, as well as urinary protein levels). Measurements were taken before the start of the trial and at the end of the 4 weeks following beverage consumption. Results: The protocol for this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Ten women participated in the trial. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure values did not change significantly between the initial and final measurements. Plasma markers also showed no significant differences between the two measurements, although there was a slight decrease in glucose (from 80.5 ± 8.4 to 74.8 ± 9.6 mg/dL) and triglycerides (from 110.7 ± 24.5 to 105.7 ± 14.4 mg/dL). The limitations of this work were the number of participants and the study time, however, as it was a phase I pilot trial, the aim was to identify the acceptability and tolerability of the beverage and to obtain preliminary information regarding the biomarkers to apply them in a study with a larger number of participants over an extended period