INNOVATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN BRAZIL ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF INNOVATION IN SERVICES

O tema inovação tem se apresentado como um dos assuntos que mais geram interesses dos pesquisadores, tanto daqueles que estudam organizações do setor privado quanto daqueles que estudam o setor público. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como ocorre a inovação no setor público com base em casos de inovação premiados no Concurso de Inovação na Administração Pública Federal entre 2006 e 2010. É um trabalho de natureza qualitativa que utilizou o modelo de vetores de competências e características técnicas da inovação em serviços para analisar o conjunto de 30 casos de inovação. Os casos foram organizados em três grupos para serem analisados. Os resultados apontam que dois desses grupos apresentaram inovação radical, processo pelo qual a inovação representa a criação de um novo conjunto de características expressas em um produto totalmente novo; e um grupo apresentou inovação incremental, pelo fato de demonstrar substituição de características no serviço, mas não uma mudança na estrutura geral do sistema. Como lacuna, aponta-se que a análise foi feita à luz da inovação em serviços pela ausência de referências em administração pública. Sugerem-se estudos que descrevam mudanças nos vetores e identifiquem indutores e inibidores das inovações.The aim of this study was to analyze how innovation occurs in the public sector based on cases of innovation awards in Innovation Contest in Federal Public Administration between 2006 and 2010. It was used the qualitative model vectors skills and technical characteristics of services innovation to analyze the set of 30 cases of innovation. The cases were organized into three groups for analysis. The results show that two of these groups had radical innovation process by which innovation is the creation of a new set of properties expressed in a totally new product; and one group showed incremental innovation, because demonstrating replacement of the service characteristics, but not a change in the overall structure of the system. As a gap to the study, it is pointed out that the analysis was done in the light of innovation in services by the absence of references in public administration. We suggest studies that describe changes in vectors and identify inducers and inhibitors of innovation

INNOVATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN BRAZIL ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF INNOVATION IN SERVICES

O tema inovação tem se apresentado como um dos assuntos que mais geram interesses dos pesquisadores, tanto daqueles que estudam organizações do setor privado quanto daqueles que estudam o setor público. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como ocorre a inovação no setor público com base em casos de inovação premiados no Concurso de Inovação na Administração Pública Federal entre 2006 e 2010. É um trabalho de natureza qualitativa que utilizou o modelo de vetores de competências e características técnicas da inovação em serviços para analisar o conjunto de 30 casos de inovação. Os casos foram organizados em três grupos para serem analisados. Os resultados apontam que dois desses grupos apresentaram inovação radical, processo pelo qual a inovação representa a criação de um novo conjunto de características expressas em um produto totalmente novo; e um grupo apresentou inovação incremental, pelo fato de demonstrar substituição de características no serviço, mas não uma mudança na estrutura geral do sistema. Como lacuna, aponta-se que a análise foi feita à luz da inovação em serviços pela ausência de referências em administração pública. Sugerem-se estudos que descrevam mudanças nos vetores e identifiquem indutores e inibidores das inovações.The aim of this study was to analyze how innovation occurs in the public sector based on cases of innovation awards in Innovation Contest in Federal Public Administration between 2006 and 2010. It was used the qualitative model vectors skills and technical characteristics of services innovation to analyze the set of 30 cases of innovation. The cases were organized into three groups for analysis. The results show that two of these groups had radical innovation process by which innovation is the creation of a new set of properties expressed in a totally new product; and one group showed incremental innovation, because demonstrating replacement of the service characteristics, but not a change in the overall structure of the system. As a gap to the study, it is pointed out that the analysis was done in the light of innovation in services by the absence of references in public administration. We suggest studies that describe changes in vectors and identify inducers and inhibitors of innovation

A monolithic continuous-flow microanalyzer with amperometric detection based on the green tape technology

The development of micro total analysis systems (muTAS) has become a growing research field. Devices that include not only the fluidics and the detection system but also the associated electronics are reported scarcely in the literature because of the complexity and the cost involved for their monolithic integration. Frequently, dedicated devices aimed at solving specific analytical problems are needed. In these cases, low-volume production processes are a better alternative to mass production technologies such as silicon and glass. In this work, the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a continuous-flow amperometric microanalyzer based on the green tape technology is presented. The device includes the microfluidics, a complete amperometric detection system, and the associated electronics. The operational lifetime of the working electrode constitutes a major weak point in electrochemical detection systems, especially when it is integrated in monolithic analytical devices. To increase the overall system reliability and its versatility, it was integrated following an exchangeable configuration. Using this approach, working electrodes can be readily exchanged, according to the analyte to be determined or when their surfaces become passivated or poisoned. Furthermore, the electronics of the system allow applying different voltamperometric techniques and provide four operational working ranges (125, 12.5, 1.25, and 0.375 muA) to do precise determinations at different levels of current intensity.The authors would like to thank the Spanish MEC for its financial support through: Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CSD2006-00012), TEC2006-13907-C04-04/MIC and CIT- 310200-2007-29

Fatores influenciadores na escolha pela medicina de família segundo estudantes numa região neotropical do Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de estudantes, em uma escola médica no interior do estado de Goiás, sobre os fatores influenciadores na escolha ou na repulsa estudantil pela carreira em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e transversal. Foi adotada a Análise de Conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. O instrumento adotado foi um roteiro para entrevista semiestruturada e um questionário socioeconômico. O roteiro possuía perguntas fechadas abordando a preferência do aluno por determinadas especialidades médicas. A partir daí, perguntou-se por que escolheram ou não a Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Roteiro aplicado em 2013, para todos os 42 estudantes do último ano de um curso de medicina. Resultados: Nenhum estudante pesquisado escolheu a Medicina de Família e Comunidade. A relevância social da profissão, a abrangência de diversos problemas na prática clínica, o vínculo contínuo com pacientes, uma exposição maior a esta especialidade e, principalmente, a presença de médicos de família na graduação seriam influências positivas para a escolha destes alunos pela Medicina de Família e Comunidade. O desprestígio na universidade, identificado no discurso de professores e médicos preceptores, além da falta de reconhecimento da sociedade e a baixa remuneração foram os principais fatores desmotivadores na escolha pela área. Conclusão: A valorização da Medicina de Família e Comunidade, com o aumento da participação de mais especialistas no curso de medicina, além de uma valorização na comunidade universitária e na gestão do sistema de saúde podem ser ações que provoquem uma atração maior de estudantes para esta especialidade

Evaluation Of Pain In Newborn In Intensive Therapy In The Vision Of Health Professionals

Objective: Evaluate how health professionals perceive the pain in the NBs hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed in the maternity hospital Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida (ISEA), in the period from February to March 2016, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CESED), where the technique of data collection was through an interview with a prior script divided into two parts: the first part deals with socio-demographic issues, while the second part deals with issues related to pain in the NB, where they were recorded and transcribed in their entirety, using the content treatment through content analysis of the thematic type proposed by Laurence Bardin. Results: The results show that all health professionals perceive the pain in the neonate, where three categories emerged: "relates the evaluation of pain with physiological and behavioral measurements"; "know, but do not evaluate with pain score", "do not evaluate with pain score". Regarding the use of some method for pain relief, two categories emerged: "use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief"; "Use of simultaneous pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods". Conclusion: All the professionals contributed to the growth of this research, being necessary more studies about the pain, mainly with regard to the use of multidimensional scales, since there is a lack of knowledge on the part of the professionals and teams that work in the NICU

Nursing Professionals And Occupational Accidents

The current study has the objective to identify main work accidents that occurs with nursing workers. This is an integrative literature review that enabled to include scientific articles indexed in the databases of Virtual Library in Health (BVS). Searches were made from october to november 2016, using the descriptors: “work accidents”, “nursing professionals”, separated between themselves by the boolean operator AND. The following criteria were adopted: fully available articles, in portuguese language, published in the last five years. Articles that presented some duplicity and didn’t meet the proposed study objectives were excluded. After searches, ten scientific productions about the subject were selected. Results indicate the occurrence of accidents between nursing professionals and the main factors were related with sharp object handling, non-utilization of IPEs, excessive workload and needle resurfacing. It is concluded that strategies are required to minimize these occurrences, as the adoption of standard precautionary measures, the adequacy of staff numbers and better work conditions to this professional category. Besides that, the need of new researches about this subject are emphasized

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe