Organización : La negociación y el manejo de conflictos en las organizaciones

La negociación y el manejo de conflictos dentro de las organizaciones son una serie de procesos permanentes cuya gestión se vuelve esencial si se quiere tener una empresa sana, con desarrollo integral. La negociación es una consecuencia necesaria y de la interrelación de los diversos elementos que componen la estructura de una organización, cuando los distintos actores o partes que la conforman tienen un conflicto buscan una solución que satisfaga sus intereses. Hay que comprender que negociar es un acto integral de comportamiento y en él, el negociador debería saber cuáles son sus habilidades, sus debilidades y fortalezas, con el fin de poder apoyar o ser apoyado en un equipo de trabajo el cual aumenta la complejidad del proceso, ya que cada integrante deberá asumir distintos roles y deberán fijarse pautas grupales, con el fin de llegar a un acuerdo y de esta forma resolver el conflicto

Influencia de la maduración del fruto de Arbutus xalapensis Kunth sobre la germinación de semillas y embriones cigóticos

En este trabajo se determinó el efecto del estado de maduración del fruto en la germinación in vitro de semillas y embriones cigóticos deArbutus xalapensisKunt. Se colectaron frutos de 10 árboles en cada uno de los dos sitios de estudio y se clasifi caron según su tamaño y peso dentro de tres grupos caracterizados por el color del fruto: 1 a 6 frutos verde oscuro (FVO), 7 y 8 frutos verde-amarillo (FVA), y 9 y 10 frutos naranja-rojizo (FNR). De cada estado se seleccionaron 50 semillas y se colocaron en medio MS para evaluar su germinación. El experimento se repitió dos veces y los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de comparación de medias de Tukey el cual indicó que los tres grupos de frutos presentan características de peso fresco y diámetro diferentes (P = 0.05), con un promedio de 6.3 g y de 0.21 mm para FVO, 9.5 g y 0.46 mm para FVA y 10.8 g y 0.70 mm para FNR. El análisis de microscopía estereoscópica demostró que todos los estados de maduración presentan semillas y embriones; los estados 1 al 4 presentan embriones no desarrollados, y en los estados 5 al 10 los frutos contienen un mayor número de semillas con embriones desarrollados y con una mayor germinación (7.6 a 8.8 semillas/unidad experimental). Se propone el uso de semillas provenientes de frutos de los estados de maduración 5 al 10 para la germinación adecuada de semillas de madroño, mientras que para los embriones cigóticos es necesario realizar estudios de prueba de medios de cultivo para su germinación

Gathering tradition, sowing the future! Some examples linking formal and informal seed systems from the North of Portugal

Based on different experiences and informal networks, we describe and explore the relationships between formal and informal seed systems in the North of Portugal, and discuss how such an interaction may be of interest to create new farmers opportunities, to improve conservation strategies and to promote local knowledge and cultural diversity. The Portuguese Gene Bank (BPGV), located in Braga (North-western Portugal), conserves 42203 accessions of traditional varieties in ex-situ conditions, that are the result of multiple activities undertaken all over the country with farmers' participation and commitment. BPGV together with the association “ARDAL” promoted on farm conservation of some crops, like maize, rye and beans, and two of these produces are in the Arch of Taste of SLOW FOOD Foundation. “Joaquim Dantas”, a farmer from the Portuguese north-western mountains, is an example of farmers' fundamental role in conserving and use agricultural biodiversity. He partnered in a project led by the BPGV to promote on-farm conservation and use of crop diversity. Then he reintroduced maize landraces into cultivation and led different initiatives to bake particular maize bread highly demanded. “Colher para semear” is another association seeking to establish a Portuguese network of landraces. They are community seed savers and their project focus on gathering seeds and registering knowledge and practices aiming to reintroduce them into cultivation while sharing resources, promoting biodiversity and ecological production, cultural heritage, generational transmission and food supplies. The research project “Cultibos, Yerbas i saberes” carried out in Miranda do Douro, North-eastern Portugal, reports and documents local knowledge on traditional crops, homegardens and wild gathering. Using ethnobotanical methodologies, several former crops, whose seeds are still kept by some old farmers, were identified. The project promotes seed exchange and cultivation, providing valuable insights into old crops and more seeds to share between neighbours

Synergistic Effects of Ocean Warming and Cyanide Poisoning in an Ornamental Tropical Reef Fish

UIDP/50017/2020 UIDB/50017/2020 UID/MAR/04292/2019 SFRH/BPD/117491/2016 SFRH/BPD/115298/2016 SFRH/BPD/99819/2014 PD/BD/52568/2014An array of anthropogenic pressures is affecting tropical ecosystems, posing major conservation challenges for scientists, stakeholders and populations. Illegal cyanide fishing is one of the major threats to Indo-Pacific coral reefs, targeting a multitude of colorful species for the marine aquarium trade as well as large-sized groupers and wrasses for the food fish trade. Ultimately, the continued use of this destructive practice as oceans warm may overload tropical ecosystems and result in irreversible ecological damage. Here we show that the impact of cyanide poisoning in an ornamental tropical marine fish is magnified under increased temperatures. A sole pulse exposure of 60 s to 50 mg L–1 of cyanide under current temperature (26°C) caused substantial mortality (50–100%) in eight species of Pomacentridae. The clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris was the most resistant, especially medium-sized fish [average total length and weight of 38 mm and 1.12 g; LC50 (95% CI) = 50.00 (46.76 − 53.24) mg L–1] that showed shorter recovery times and higher survival rates (%) when compared to small-sized ones [average total length and weight of 25 mm and 0.30 g; LC50 (95% CI) = 28.45 (20.17 − 36.72) mg L–1]. However, when the most resistant size-class was concomitantly exposed to a sub-lethal dosage of cyanide (25 mg L–1 instead of 50 mg L–1) and ocean warming scenarios for 2100 (+3°C and heat wave +6°C), survival rates (%) decreased to 60 and 20%, respectively, and recovery times increased in the worst case scenario. Mortality outbreaks, as well as vulnerability to predation, will likely expand in fish inhabiting coral reefs exposed to cyanide fishing unless stronger conservation measures are taken in tropical reefs to limit this destructive practice now and in the oceans of tomorrow.publishersversionpublishe

Disfunção erétil nos cuidados de saúde primários: a sua abordagem e relação com fatores de risco cardiovasculares em doentes sem eventos cardiovasculares prévios

ABSTRACT - Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) inquiry and treatment could have an important role in cardiovascular prevention. The aims of the present study were to: (1) evaluate the association of ED with cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors among patients with no previous cardiovascular events; (2) assess the inquiry of ED in Portuguese primary care. Methods: Cross-sectional study (January–March 2011) conducted in two Lisbon Primary Healthcare Centers among men aged 18–80 years, sexually active and with no cardiac or cerebrovascular disease. We collected data concerning CVR factors and sexual health inquiry through interviews and clinical records and we used the International Index of Erectile Function to evaluate ED. Logistic regression models were used to study the association between ED and CVR factors. Results: In a sample of 90 men (mean age 49.82 ± 15.65), 32% had ED. Hypertension prevalence and the number of CVR factors was significantly higher among men with ED. However, age was strongly associated with ED and, after age-adjustment, the associations found between ED and hypertension lost their statistical significance. The majority of men evaluated their sexual life as “very important” or “important” (98%) and affirmed that sexual problems should be inquired by the general practitioner (93%) but only a minority were inquired about it (14%). Conclusion: ED is a frequent problem among men with no previous cardiovascular events and, in our study, it was mostly associated with age. ED is still not inquired appropriately in the primary care.RESUMO - Introdução: A abordagem e o tratamento da disfunção erétil (DE) nos cuidados de saúde primários poderiam ter um papel importante na prevenção cardiovascular. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) estudar a relação da DE com os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FRCV) em indivíduos sem eventos cardiovasculares prévios; 2) avaliar a abordagem da DE nos cuidados de saúde primários portugueses. Métodos: Estudo transversal, exploratório, realizado em 2 centros de saúde de Lisboa, incluindo homens com 18–80 anos de idade sexualmente ativos e sem doença cardíaca ou cerebrovascular. Recolhemos dados relativos à abordagem da DE e dos FRCV através de entrevistas e da consulta de processos clínicos. Avaliámos a DE através do Índice Internacional de Função Eréctil e a associação com os FRCV através de modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Numa amostra de 90 homens (média de idade 49,82 ± 15,65), 32% apresentavam DE. A prevalência de hipertensão e o número de FRCV foi significativamente superior em homens com DE. Contudo, a idade esteve significativamente associada à DE e, após ajuste para a idade, a associação encontrada entre a hipertensão e a DE deixou de ser significativa. Apesar de a maioria ter reportado que os problemas sexuais deviam ser abordados pelo médico de família (93%), apenas uma minoria afirmou já ter sido inquirida a este respeito (14%). Conclusão: A DE é um problema frequente em homens sem eventos cardiovasculares prévios e, no nosso estudo, associou-se sobretudo à idade. A DE não é suficientemente abordada nos cuidados de saúde primários portugueses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Active aging awareness and well-being among older adults in Portugal

Funding Information: This study is part of the research program of the General Foundation of the University of Salamanca, through the International Centre on Aging (CENIE), within the framework of the Programme for a Longevity Society (0551_PSL_6_E), a project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg VA Spain-Portugal Programme (POCTEP) 2014–2020. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Costa, Henriques, Alarcão, Henriques, Madeira, Virgolino, Sousa, Feteira-Santos, Arriaga, Rocha and Nogueira.Objective: This study aims to assess the active aging awareness of older adults in mainland Portugal and their levels of overall well-being and to identify social and health-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 613 older adults, aged 65 or older, who participated in the PROKnos – Knowing Social Prescribing needs of the elderly study in Portugal. The questionnaire consisted of the Active Ageing Awareness Questionnaire and the World Health Organization – Five Well-Being Index, as well as sociodemographic, economic, and health status questions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests for independent samples, and one-way ANOVA were used to explore potential associations between variables. Results: The active aging awareness levels were significantly higher for women (p = 0.031), and those who were younger (p = 0.011), more educated (p < 0.001), had a better financial situation (p < 0.001), and had better health (p < 0.001). The same pattern was found for well-being, except in relation to gender, as men had higher levels (p = 0.016). These variables were found to be correlated. Discussion: Even though active aging is an important strategy to implement, it is indispensable to consider the perceptions and conditions that need to be in place before that. This study reveals that several social and health-related factors are associated with well-being and active aging awareness, as well as the differences between groups that exist in mainland Portugal in relation to that. This emphasizes how vital it is to address social inequalities in active aging efforts, which are not necessarily uncovered when only considering actual active aging measures.publishersversionpublishe

Phenolic composition and bioactivity of Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. samples fromdifferent geographical origin

The aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic composition and evaluate the bioactivity of several samples of Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav, and to compare aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts. Plant materials were obtained by growing some accessions (seed samples) of various wild populations from different regions of Portugal conserved at the Portuguese Genebank in Braga. Phenolic compounds were analised by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, antioxidant potential through in vitro assays (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation), cytotoxicity on tumor cells (MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa and HepG2) and non-tumor (PLP2) cells, anti-inflammatory activity in rat RAW 264.7 macrophages, by the ability to inhibit NO production and antimicrobial potential by the microdilution method with INT dye (iodonitrotetrazolium chloride). Thirteen compounds were identified, being salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, the main compounds present, with values ranging between 44.3⁻582, 50.9⁻550, and 24.36⁻101.5 mg/g extract, respectively. L. pedunculata aqueous extract revealed a higher antioxidant potential (EC50 values between 14 to 530 μg/mL), which could be related to its higher concentration in phenolic compounds; however, the hydroethanolic extract showed a higher anti-inflammatory (lower EC50 values than 124 μg/mL) potential and antiproliferative capacity (lower GI50 values than 34 μg/mL). Thus, this study highlights the bioactive effects of this species and opens up possibilities of uses in food and pharmaceutical formulations. However, there are potential differences in such properties according to geographical origin of plant material, as in general, the samples from Alentejo presented higher results in all the bioactivities, compared with Trás-os-Montes samples.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), L. Barros and R. Calhelha contracts. The authors are grateful to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of liming on yields of five successive crops of maize followed by cotton and soybeans

Conduziu-se um ensaio de calagem, em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, de Mococa, SP, por um período de sete anos. Nos cinco primeiros anos cultivou-se milho (Zea mays L.) e, depois, algodão e soja. Foram aplicadas 0, 3, 6 e 9 t/ha de calcário dolomítico com PRNT de 59%. O nível mais elevado de aplicação do corretivo elevou o pH a 5,9. O efeito da calagem no solo persistiu até o sétimo ano, embora com perda de bases do solo durante esse período. O efeito da calagem na produção foi altamente significativo. O aumento de produção já no primeiro ano seria suficiente para pagar o investimento na calagem. Verificou-se que o critério do alumínio trocável para determinar a necessidade de calagem indicaria, para as condições deste trabalho, quantidades muito baixas de calcário.A liming experiment was conducted during seven years on a red-yellow podzolic soil of Mococa, state of São Paulo. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown during the five first years and thereafter cotton and soybeans. The amounts of dolomitic limestone applied, with PRNT (relative power of total neutralization) of 59% were 0, 3, 6 and 9 t/ha. With 9 t/ha of applied limestone the pH reached 5,9. The effect of liming remained until the seventh year, although with losses of calcium and magnesium from the soil. The effect of liming on yield was highly significant for all crops. The increases in yield of maize of the first year would be sufficient to repay the investment with limestone. The aluminum criteria to determine the lime requirements of the soil of this experiment would indicate far too low amounts of limestone