“People play it down and tell me it can’t kill people, but I know people are dying each day”. Children’s health literacy relating to a global pandemic (COVID-19); an international cross sectional study

The aim of this study was to examine aspects of children's health literacy; the information sources they were accessing, their information preferences, their perceived understanding of and their reported information needs in relation to COVID-19. An online survey for children aged 7-12 years of age and parent/caregivers from the UK, Sweden, Brazil, Spain, Canada and Australia was conducted between 6th of April and the 1st of June 2020. The surveys included demographic questions and both closed and open questions focussing on access to and understanding of COVID-19 information. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis procedures were conducted. The findings show that parents are the main source of information for children during the pandemic in most countries (89%, n = 347), except in Sweden where school was the main source of information. However, in many cases parents chose to shield, filter or adapt their child's access to information about COVID-19, especially in relation to the death rates within each country. Despite this, children in this study reported knowing that COVID-19 was deadly and spreads quickly. This paper argues for a community rather than individual approach to addressing children's health literacy needs during a pandemic

Children’s pictures of COVID-19 and measures to mitigate its spread: An international qualitative study

Objectives: To gain insight into children’s health-related knowledge and understanding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and COVID-19, and measures adopted to mitigate transmission. Design: A child-centred qualitative creative element embedded in an online mixed-methods survey of children aged 7–12 years. Setting: Children participated in the study in six countries – the UK, Australia, Sweden, Brazil, Spain and Canada. Method: A qualitative creative component, embedded in an online survey, prompted children to draw and label a picture. Children were recruited via their parents using the researchers’ professional social media accounts, through known contacts, media and websites from health organisations within each country. Analysis of the form and content of the children’s pictures took place. Results: A total of 128 children (mean age 9.2 years) submitted either a hand-drawn (n = 111) or digitally created (n = 17) picture. Four main themes were identified which related to children’s health-related knowledge of (1) COVID-19 and how it is transmitted; (2) measures and actions to mitigate transmission; (3) places of safety during the pandemic; and (4) children’s role in mitigating COVID-19 transmission. Conclusion: Children’s pictures indicated a good understanding of the virus, how it spreads and how to mitigate transmission. Children depicted their actions during the pandemic as protecting themselves, their families and wider society

Disease Progression in MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mice Is Reduced by NCS 613, a Specific Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a polymorphic and multigenic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) modulates inflammation and the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4), which specifically hydrolyzes cAMP, inhibits TNFα secretion. This study was aimed at investigating the evolution of PDE activity and expression levels during the course of the disease in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice, and to evaluate in these mice the biological and clinical effects of treatments with pentoxifylline, denbufylline and NCS 613 PDE inhibitors. This study reveals that compared to CBA/J control mice, kidney PDE4 activity of MRL/lpr mice increases with the disease progression. Furthermore, it showed that the most potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor NCS 613 is also the most effective molecule in decreasing proteinuria and increasing survival rate of MRL/lpr mice. NCS 613 is a potent inhibitor, which is more selective for the PDE4C subtype (IC50 = 1.4 nM) than the other subtypes (PDE4A, IC50 = 44 nM; PDE4B, IC50 = 48 nM; and PDE4D, IC50 = 14 nM). Interestingly, its affinity for the High Affinity Rolipram Binding Site is relatively low (Ki = 148 nM) in comparison to rolipram (Ki = 3 nM). Finally, as also observed using MRL/lpr peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), NCS 613 inhibits basal and LPS-induced TNFα secretion from PBLs of lupus patients, suggesting a therapeutic potential of NCS 613 in systemic lupus. This study reveals that PDE4 represent a potential therapeutic target in lupus disease

Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus.

Children continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing tests, treatments, investigations, examinations and interventions were developed using an iterative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder consensus building approach. This consensus approach used a range of online and face to face methods across three phases to ensure ongoing engagement with multiple stakeholders. The views and perspectives of 203 children and young people, 78 parents and 418 multi-disciplinary professionals gathered over a two year period (2020-2022) informed the development of international rights-based standards for the care of children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions. The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds.    Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind which outlines international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. The standards offer health professionals and educators clear evidence-based tools to support discussions and practice changes to challenge prevailing assumptions about holding or restraining children and instead encourage a focus on the interests and rights of the child. What is Known: • Children continue to experience short and long-term harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. • Professionals report uncertainty and tensions in applying evidence-based practice to children's procedural care. What is New: • This is the first study of its kind which has developed international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. • The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds

Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus.

Children continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing tests, treatments, investigations, examinations and interventions were developed using an iterative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder consensus building approach. This consensus approach used a range of online and face to face methods across three phases to ensure ongoing engagement with multiple stakeholders. The views and perspectives of 203 children and young people, 78 parents and 418 multi-disciplinary professionals gathered over a two year period (2020-2022) informed the development of international rights-based standards for the care of children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions. The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds. Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind which outlines international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. The standards offer health professionals and educators clear evidence-based tools to support discussions and practice changes to challenge prevailing assumptions about holding or restraining children and instead encourage a focus on the interests and rights of the child. What is Known: • Children continue to experience short and long-termharm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. • Professionals report uncertainty and tensions in applying evidence-based practice to children's procedural care. What is New: • This is the first study of its kind which has developed international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. • The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds. [Abstract copyright: © 2023. The Author(s).

Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus

Children continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing tests, treatments, investigations, examinations and interventions were developed using an iterative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder consensus building approach. This consensus approach used a range of online and face to face methods across three phases to ensure ongoing engagement with multiple stakeholders. The views and perspectives of 203 children and young people, 78 parents and 418 multi-disciplinary professionals gathered over a two year period (2020-2022) informed the development of international rights-based standards for the care of children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions. The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds.Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind which outlines international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. The standards offer health professionals and educators clear evidence-based tools to support discussions and practice changes to challenge prevailing assumptions about holding or restraining children and instead encourage a focus on the interests and rights of the child

LANAUDIÈRE HEAVEN FOR COLOMBIAN REFUGEES: THE REALITY OF WHAT IS AND THE DREAM OF WHAT COULD BE

Considering the steady increase in the arrival of refugee families, it seems essential to point out the challenges this new reality raises and to explore avenues that would result in a positive experience for families. The authors suggest challenging our perceptions of the refugees’ experience by giving a voice to these families and daring to consider them as experts in their own experience. Appreciative inquiry was used to explore not only the challenges faced by refugee families, but also to uncover the successes and shed light on new solutions. The importance of including families in the research process and in discussions related to the development of services stands out, as well as the empowering effect of recognizing the family wisdom

Les conditions favorables à la relation infirmière-patient : le contexte de l’hospitalisation involontaire lors d’un premier épisode psychotique

Introduction. La relation avec l’infirmière est un élément clé du rétablissement de la personne hospitalisée contre son gré lors d’un premier épisode psychotique. Or, le déséquilibre de pouvoir entre l’infirmière et le patient dans le contexte d’une hospitalisation involontaire peut nuire à la relation. Dans ces circonstances, il est difficile pour l’infirmière de centrer les soins sur les priorités de la personne soignée et de collaborer avec elle. Objectif. En s’appuyant sur l’approche orientée vers le rétablissement, l’objectif de cette étude était de coconstruire une vision d’une relation idéale entre l’infirmière et le patient hospitalisé de manière involontaire. Méthodes. L’utilisation d’une approche de recherche-action de type investigation appréciative a permis à cinq personnes hospitalisées involontairement lors d’un épisode psychotique et à cinq infirmières de partager leurs expériences relationnelles positives. Inspirés par ces expériences, les participants ont réfléchi aux ingrédients utiles pour coconstruire une relation infirmière-patient idéale dans ce contexte. Résultats. Les conditions émergentes favorables à la relation incluaient certains attributs chez l’infirmière, des interventions infirmières et des facteurs contextuels. La relation infirmière-patient serait favorisée par une pratique infirmière qui encourage l’espoir, l’autonomie et la prise de conscience du patient. Discussion et conclusion. La formation infirmière devrait viser à développer l’écoute active et l’humanisme pour favoriser la relation infirmière-patient. De plus, l’organisation des soins devrait faciliter le temps d’écoute des infirmières auprès des patients et un environnement de soins qui inspire un sentiment de réconfort et de sécurité. D’autres recherches sont souhaitables afin de développer des interventions éducatives et des modèles de soins permettant aux infirmières de prioriser l’écoute de l’histoire de la personne soignée.Introduction. The nurse-patient relationship is a key element in recovery for individuals involuntarily hospitalized for first-episode psychosis. However, the power imbalance between nurse and patient in this context can be detrimental to the relationship. Indeed, it is difficult for nurses to provide person-centred care and to seek collaboration with the patient under the circumstances. Objective. The aim of this study was to co-construct a vision of the ideal relationship between nurse and involuntarily hospitalized patient based on the recovery model. Methods. An appreciative inquiry action-research approach was used to enable five individuals involuntarily hospitalized for a psychotic episode and five attending nurses to share their positive relational experiences. Participants then reflected on the experiences to identify the ingredients useful to building the ideal nurse-patient relationship in this context. Results. The positive factors to emerge included certain nurse attributes, nursing interventions and contextual factors. The nurse-patient relationship would be facilitated by a nursing practice that promotes hope, empowerment, and self-awareness in patients. Discussion and conclusion. Nursing education should aim to develop active listening and humanism in nurses to facilitate the nurse-patient relationship. Also, care should be organized to encourage nurses to take time to listen to patients and the care environment should be rendered as safe and secure as possible. More research is required to develop educational interventions for nurses and nursing care models where priority is given to nurses listening to what patients have to say

Les difficultés professionnelles des enseignants

International audienc