Optical Measurements on Solid Specimens of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust and Solid Rocket Motor Slag

Samples of aluminum slag were investigated to aid the Earth Science and Applications Division at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Alumina from space motor propellant exhaust and space motor propellant slag was examined as a component of space refuse. Thermal emittance and solar absorptivity measurements were taken to support their comparison with reflectance measurements derived from actual debris. To determine the similarity between the samples and space motor exhaust or space motor slag, emittance and absorbance results were correlated with an examination of specimen morphology

The Reapportionment Cases: Cognitive Lag, the Malady and its Cure

The reapportionment cases have been considered by many to be the product of a liberal, activist Court which is endeavoring to reshape America’s political life according to its own views. The authors of this article assert that, to the contrary, the Court actually is reacting to the incontrovertible fact of the modern predominance of urban complexities which have rendered inappropriate our older political boundaries. In this sense, they consider the Court’s decisions conservative rather than liberal- because the Court’s purpose is to maintain a version of federalism along state boundaries which may have become outmoded even before the Court entered the arena

The Reapportionment Cases: Cognitive Lag, the Malady and its Cure

The reapportionment cases have been considered by many to be the product of a liberal, activist Court which is endeavoring to reshape America’s political life according to its own views. The authors of this article assert that, to the contrary, the Court actually is reacting to the incontrovertible fact of the modern predominance of urban complexities which have rendered inappropriate our older political boundaries. In this sense, they consider the Court’s decisions conservative rather than liberal- because the Court’s purpose is to maintain a version of federalism along state boundaries which may have become outmoded even before the Court entered the arena

Fall 1956

Greetings from the Club President (page 2) Winter School and Turf Conference Cancelled for 1957 (2) Value of Turf Clippings (3) Dedication--Minor J. Markuson (4) Interrelations between Design, Construction and Maintenance (6) Golf Course Design (6) Relationship of Golf Course Design to Maintenance Costs (9) Influence of Construction upon maintenance (12) Snow Blue - Snow White (14) Post Emergence Control of Crabgrass (15) Third Generation in Greenkeeping (16) Hand Greens Mowers (17) Equipment (18) Pelham Country Club vs New England Thruway (18) Should Junior Memberships be Allowed (19) Meet the Staff (20) Turf Club News (23) Chairman-superintendent Relationship: Quote by Dickinson (24) Letter To Dean Sieling from New England Golf Course Superintendent\u27s Association (24) Associate Members of Stockbridge Turf Management Club (25) Membership Application Form for Turf Management Club (26

Microarray analysis of expression of cell death-associated genes in rat spinal cord cells exposed to cyclic tensile stresses in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The application of mechanical insults to the spinal cord results in profound cellular and molecular changes, including the induction of neuronal cell death and altered gene expression profiles. Previous studies have described alterations in gene expression following spinal cord injury, but the specificity of this response to mechanical stimuli is difficult to investigate in vivo. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of cyclic tensile stresses on cultured spinal cord cells from E15 Sprague-Dawley rats, using the FX3000^®Flexercell Strain Unit. We examined cell morphology and viability over a 72 hour time course. Microarray analysis of gene expression was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip System^®, where categorization of identified genes was performed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) systems. Changes in expression of 12 genes were validated with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The application of cyclic tensile stress reduced the viability of cultured spinal cord cells significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Increasing either the strain or the strain rate independently was associated with significant decreases in spinal cord cell survival. There was no clear evidence of additive effects of strain level with strain rate. GO analysis identified 44 candidate genes which were significantly related to "apoptosis" and 17 genes related to "response to stimulus". KEGG analysis identified changes in the expression levels of 12 genes of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which were confirmed to be upregulated by RT-PCR analysis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have demonstrated that spinal cord cells undergo cell death in response to cyclic tensile stresses, which were dose- and time-dependent. In addition, we have identified the up regulation of various genes, in particular of the MAPK pathway, which may be involved in this cellular response. These data may prove useful, as the accurate knowledge of neuronal gene expression in response to cyclic tensile stress will help in the development of molecular-based therapies for spinal cord injury.</p

Evidence for the h_b(1P) meson in the decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P)

Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the $h_b(1P)$ spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_{bJ}(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P), h_b(1P) --> gamma eta_b(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi0 at mass 9902 +/- 4(stat.) +/- 2(syst.) MeV/c^2. The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.1sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (4.3 +/- 1.1(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.)) x 10^{-4} for the product branching fraction BF(Upsilon(3S)-->pi0 h_b) x BF(h_b-->gamma eta_b).Comment: 8 pages, 4 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications

The Detection of Magnetic Fields Toward M17 through the HI Zeeman Effect

We have carried out VLA Zeeman observations of HI absorption lines toward the HII region in the M17 giant molecular cloud complex. The HI absorption lines toward M17 show between 5 and 8 distinct velocity components which vary spatially in a complex manner across the source. We explore possible physical connections between these components and the M17 region based on calculations of HI column densities, line of sight magnetic field strengths, as well as comparisons with a wide array of previous optical, infrared, and radio observations. In particular, an HI component at the same velocity as the southwestern molecular cloud (M17 SW) ~20 km/s seems to originate from the edge-on interface between the HII region and M17 SW, in un-shocked PDR gas. We have detected a steep enhancement in the 20 km/s HI column density and line of sight magnetic field strengths (Blos) toward this boundary. A lower limit for the peak 20 km/s HI column density is N_{HI}/T_s > 5.6 x 10^{19} cm^{-2}/K while the peak Blos is ~ -450 muG. In addition, blended components at velocities of 11-17 km/s appear to originate from shocked gas in the PDR between the HII region and an extension of M17 SW, which partially obscures the southern bar of the HII region. The peak N_{HI}/T_s and Blos for this component are > 4.4 x 10^{19} cm^{-2}/K and +550 muG, respectively. Comparison of the peak magnetic fields detected toward M17 with virial equilibrium calculations suggest that ~1/3 of M17 SW's total support comes from its static magnetic field and the other 2/3 from its turbulent kinetic energy which includes support from Alfven waves.Comment: Contains 29 pages, 14 figures (Latex). Text and figures can be downloaded separately at http://www.pa.uky.edu/~brogan, submitted to Ap

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Identity Formation in Adolescence: Change or Stability?

The aim of this five-wave longitudinal study of 923 early to middle adolescents (50.7% boys; 49.3% girls) and 390 middle to late adolescents (43.3% boys and 56.7% girls) is to provide a comprehensive view on change and stability in identity formation from ages 12 to 20. Several types of change and stability (i.e., mean-level change, rank-order stability, and profile similarity) were assessed for three dimensions of identity formation (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration), using adolescent self-report questionnaires. Results revealed changes in identity dimensions towards maturity, indicated by a decreasing tendency for reconsideration, increasingly more in-depth exploration, and increasingly more stable identity dimension profiles. Mean levels of commitment remained stable, and rank-order stability of commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration did not change with age. Overall, girls were more mature with regard to identity formation in early adolescence, but boys had caught up with them by late adolescence. Taken together, our findings indicate that adolescent identity formation is guided by progressive changes in the way adolescents deal with commitments, rather than by changes in the commitments themselves