Taxonomic considerations on Argentine species of Senecio

Se incluyen algunas especies de Senecio de Argentina, reconocidas hasta el presente como especies válidas, en la sinonimia de otras: S. francisci Phil. en S. polygaloides Phil.; S. gymnocaulos Phil. en S. kingii Hook. f.; S. molinae Phil. en S. glaber Less.; S. mustersii Speg. y su var. dentatus Cabrera en S. subumbellatus Phil. Senecio microcephalus Phil. y su var. angustifolius Cabrera son consideradas una variedad de S. subumbellatus y S. schreiteri Cabrera una variedad de S. leucostachys Baker. No se acepta la validez de las variedades Senecio gilliesii Hook. et Arn. var. dasycarpus Cabrera, S. glaber Less. var. pratensis (Phil.) Cabrera, S. gnidioides Phil. var. gilvus (Phil.) Cabrera, S. kingii Hook. f. var. paradoxus (Albov ex Kurtz) Cabrera, S. leucomallus A. Gray var. incisus A. Gray, S. linariifolius Poepp. ex DC. var. heliophytoides (Phil.) Reiche y var. subtomentosus Cabrera y de la forma S. perezii Cabrera fo. integerrimus Cabrera.Taxonomic considerations on Argentine species of Senecio. Some Argentine species of Senecio until recently recognized as valid species, are included in the synonymy of other species: S. francisci Phil. in S. polygaloides Phil., S. gymnocaulos Phil. in S. kingii Hook. f., S. molinae Phil. in S. glaber Less, S. mustersii Speg. and its var. dentatus Cabrera in S. subumbellatus Phil. Senecio microcephalus Phil. and its var. angustifolius Cabrera are considered a variety of S. subumbellatus and S. schreiteri Cabrera a variety of S. leucostachys Baker. The validity of the varieties Senecio gilliesii Hook. et Arn. var. dasycarpus Cabrera, S. glaber Less var. pratensis (Phil.) Cabrera, S. gnidioides Phil. var. gilvus (Phil.) Cabrera, S. kingii Hook. f. var. paradoxus (Albov ex Kurtz) Cabrera, S. leucomallus A. Gray var. incisus A. Gray, S. linariifolius Poepp. ex DC. var. heliophytoides (Phil.) Reiche and var. subtomentosus Cabrera, and of the form S. perezii Cabrera fo. integerrimus Cabrera are not accepted.Fil: Tortosa, Roberto Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bartoli, Adriana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentin

Riflessioni su carcere e città a partire dal film Ariaferma

[Toughts on prison and the city starting from the film Ariaferma]. The film Ariaferma serves as a point of reflection on the condition of the prison in the city. Whilst the city is built on relationships, not only does the prison in the city has no relationship with the city, but within the prison, relationships between people are destined to dissolve, too. The prison’s “logic” of separation and segregation can be seen as the negation of the city’s “logic” of relationship. The film Ariaferma moves from this awareness of the prison as the opposite of the city, but its final scene sheds a light on a different reality. Thus, two main legal reflections need to be made. First, punishment does not necessarily mean incarceration: as an extrema ratio, prison and segregation ought to be destined only to violent and serious crime (especially organized crime). Secondly, within the prison itself, more open and humane dynamics should be created, aiming at the model of “prison as a city”

Responsabilità penale e rischio nelle attività mediche e d'impresa (un dialogo con la giurisprudenza)

This book presents the proceedings of the conference held in Florence on 7 and 8 May 2009 upon the conclusion of a MUIR study. The inspiration behind it can be summarised in two keywords. The first is "modernity", because it focuses on the sectors of criminal liability of the doctor and the entrepreneur, those that have been most dramatically affected by social change and technological developments, straining to the limit the "classic" configuration of criminal law categories. The second is "case law", in the sense that we have sought to focus on the reality of living law and to investigate the concepts of the causality, blame and complicity of individuals as they are actually illustrated by precedents

La justicia penal juvenil en Italia

After having described the possible models of juvenile criminal justice, the Autor particulary consider the adopted model by the criminal Italian system. This model is placed at halfway between the one authentically punitive and the re-educative one, it could be defined as a responsabile model. There fore this system ends with the possibility of a punishment in the substance identical to the adults one. On the other hand there are institutes conteined in the trial discipline that have also substancial valence. This instiutes can be applied in order to avoid the punishment through educational courses. In a reforming prospective, we may ask if this system is really able to pursue special-preventive instantances, or if it is more appropriate, considering the particular personality of the juvenile, to adopt an authentic formal educative model, able to foresee a sanctioning treatment very diversified and a sanction that restraint peoples in his liberty (in a different way from the restriction in the jail) like an exterema ratio.   Keywords: Juvenile Criminal Justice. Re-EducationDespués de haber descrito los posibles modelos de justicia penal de menores, el autor examina en particular el modelo adoptado por el sistema penal italiano. Dicho modelo se sitúa- por así decirlo– a mitad de camino entre aquél auténticamente punitivo y aquél reeducativo, pudiendo ser definido como un modelo responsabilizador, por lo cual de un lado, tal sistema se cierra con la posibilidad de una punición sustancialmente idéntica a la de los adultos, de otro lado, no obstante, se encuentran institutos contenidos en la disciplina procesal, pero con efectos indudablemente sustanciales, que pueden ser aplicados para evitar la punición a través de caminos educativos. Cabe preguntarse, en perspectiva de reforma, si tal sistema es en realidad capaz de perseguir fines preventivo especiales o si no sea en realidad oportuno, considerada la particular personalidad del menor, adoptar un auténtico modelo educativo formalizado, capaz de prever un tratamiento sancionador bastante diferenciado y una pena detentiva no carcelaria como extrema ratio.   Palabras clave: Justicia penal juvenil. Reeducació

Dubbio e certezza nel diritto penale

Il diritto penale necessita di certezza restringendo al massimo l’operatività di eventuali dubbi, perché attraverso la certezza si soddisfano ineludibili esigenze di garanzia. Tuttavia, a un’analisi più approfondita, ci si rende conto che il diritto penale è una realtà molto complessa e articolata in una molteplicità di componenti, contesti e prospettive rispetto ai quali la dicotomia certezza/dubbio assume significati diversi e peculiari. Muovendo da questa premessa, l’Autore analizza la valenza della certezza e del dubbio nel diritto processuale penale e nel diritto penale sostanziale, nonché nelle scelte di incriminazione, nella formulazione/interpretazione della legge, nella imputazione causale e colposa dell’evento, fino alla colpevolezza e ai giudizi di pericolosità.Criminal law requires certainty by restricting as far as possible the operation of any doubts, because through certainty unavoidable guarantee requirements are satisfied. However, upon a more in-depth analysis, we realize that criminal law is a very complex reality and articulated in a multiplicity of components, contexts and perspectives with respect to which the certainty / doubt dichotomy takes on different and peculiar meanings. Starting from this premise, the Author analyzes the value of certainty and doubt in criminal procedural law and in substantive criminal law, as well as in the choices of incrimination, in the formulation / interpretation of the law, in the causal and culpable imputation of the event, up to the guilt and dangerousness judgments.Parole chiave / Keywords: Dubbio, certezza, diritto penale materiale, diritto penale processuale / Doubt, Certainty, criminal law, criminal procedure

Decorso del tempo e ragioni del punire

Le ragioni del punire hanno un rapporto del tutto peculiare con il tempo a seconda dello scopo ultimo che perseguono. Nella logica vendicatoria privata, scopo ultimo non è punire, ma pacificare, con la conseguenza che, riportato in vita il passato per consentire la corrispondenza del male con il male, le imperanti e assillanti ragioni del punire si stemperano in un divenire dialogico. Nella logica vendicatoria pubblica, invece, lo Stato s’impossessa del tempo in una prospettiva assolutistica, orientando la pena verso il passato, il presente e il futuro con il risultato finale di una strumentalizzazione totale del reo, che soltanto i principi di garanzia riescono a contenere. Nella logica riparativa, il tempo torna ad essere restituito nelle mani dei consociati, affinché, nel divenire del confronto interrelazionale, abbia inizio un nuovo futuro basato sulla fiducia reciproca. The reasons for punishing have a completely peculiar relationship with time according to the ultimate goal they pursue. In the private vengeful logic, the ultimate goal is not to punish, but to pacify, with the consequence that, once the past has been brought back to life to allow the correspondence of evil with evil, the prevailing and nagging reasons for punishing are dissolved in a dialogic becoming. In the logic of public vengeance, on the other hand, the State takes possession of time in an absolutist perspective, orienting the penalty towards the past, the present and the future with the final result of a total exploitation of the offender, which only the principles of guarantee are able to contain. In the restorative logic, time returns to the hands of the associates, so that, in the evolution of interrelational confrontation, a new future based on mutual trust begins. Parole chiave / Keywords: Tempo, ragioni del punire, vendetta, giustizia riparativa / Time, reasons for punishing, revenge, restorative justice

The genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae)

A synopsis of the genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae) is carried on and four species are recognized. Each species is described and illustrated, with the comprehensive synonymy and typification. The names Crumenaria choretroides Reissek, Crumenaria erecta Reissek, Crumenaria giaziovii Urb., Crumenaria lilloi Suess., and Crumenaria polygaloides Reissek are lectotypified. A key and a distribution map of the genus are provided.Un synopsis du genre Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae) est proposé avec quatre espèces reconnues. Chaque espèce est décrite et illustrée, avec sa synonymie et la typification de tous les noms. Les noms Crumenaria choretroides Reissek, Crumenaria erecta Reissek, Crumenaria glaziovii Urb., Crumenaria lilloi Suess. et Crumenaria polygaloides Reissek sont lectotypifiés. Une clé et une carte de répartition du genre sont fournies.Fil: Tortosa, Roberto Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bartoli, Carmen María Adriana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Cusato, Leonor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentin

Plantas americanas nuevas para la flora adventicia del sur de España

New data about american neophytes for southern Andalusian flora.Palabras clave. Corología, xenófitos americanos, especies invasoras, Andalucía, SO de España.Key words. Chorology, american xenophytes, invasive flora, Andalusía, SW Spain

The Multi Crane Scheduling Problem: A Comparison Between Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network Approaches based on Simulation Modeling

The internal logistics for warehouses of many industrial applications, based on the movement of heavy goods, is commonly solved by the installment of a multi-crane system. The job scheduling of a multi-crane system is an interesting problem of optimization, solved in many ways in the past. This paper describes a comparison between the optimization by the use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) and introduce a framework for the solution of the problem using machine learning driven by Neural Networks (NN). Even though this last approach is not implemented in this paper, performances very close to GA ones are expected with NN. A case-study for steel coil production is proposed as a test frame for two different simulation software tools, one based on a heuristic solution and one on machine learning; performances and data achieved from reviews and simulations are compared