GAMBARAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TONGKAINA TAHUN 2018

Upaya kesehatan lingkungan merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kualitas lingkungan yang sehat, baik fisik, kimia, biologi dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap masyaraka tmencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi - tingginya. Lingkungan sehat mencakup lingkungan permukiman, tempat kerja, tempat rekreasi, serta tempat dan fasilitas umum. Sanitasi dasar merupakan syarat kesehatan lingkungan minimal yang harus dipunyai oleh setiap masyarakat untuk memenuhi keperluan sehari - hari. Ruang lingkup sanitasi dasar yakni sarana penyediaan air bersih, sarana jamban keluarga, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan sarana pembuangan air limbah. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah gambaran kesehatan lingkungan sekolah diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Tongkaina tahun 2018. Penelitian ini yaitu observasional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober – November tahun 2018 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tongkaina total populasi berjumlah 8 Sekolah. Kesehatan lingkungan sekolah dinilai menggunakan formulir inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan sekolah melalui observasi langsung dengan pengukuran berdasarkan total nilai dari 38 pertanyaan dalam kuisioner. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menentukan apakah kesehatan lingkungan sekolah memenuhi syarat atau tidak. Terdapat 7 sekolah (87,5%) di wilayah kerja puskesmas Tongkaina yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan dengan jumlah skor <70% dari 5 indikator dan termasuk kriteria utama minimal. Sedangkan hanya 1 sekolah (12,5%) yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dari 5 indikator dengan jumlah skor ≥70% dan merupakan kriteria utama minimal.  ABSTRACT Environmental health efforts are one of the methods taken to realize the quality of a healthy, physical, chemical, biological and social environment that enables each community to achieve the highest degree of health. A healthy environment includes residential environments, workplaces, recreational areas, and public places and facilities. Basic sanitation is a minimum environmental health requirement that must be owned by every community to meet daily needs. The scope of basic sanitation is the provision of clean water, family toilet facilities, waste disposal facilities, and waste water disposal facilities. The purpose of this study is to describe the health of the school environment in the working area of Tongkaina Health Center in 2018. This study was observational descriptive conducted in October - November in 2018 in the Tongkaina Health Center Working Area with a total population of 8 Schools. School environmental health was assessed using the school environment health inspection form through direct observation with measurements based on the total value of 38 questions in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine whether the health of the school environment fulfilled the requirements or not. There were 7 schools (87.5%) in the working area of Tongkaina health center that did not meet health requirements with a score of <70% of the 5 indicators and included the main criteria at a minimum. Whereas only 1 school (12.5%) fulfills the health requirements of the 5 indicators with a score of ≥70% and is the minimum main criteria

Colonización y crecimiento de renovales de Nothofagus después de cortas selectivas de un rodal en la Patagonia, Argentina

In 1994, a group selection silvicultural system on a natural forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi, N. obliqua, and N. nervosa (Nothofagaceae) was implemented. Age and growth of seedlings (stem height LT &lt; 30 cm, n = 720 plants) and saplings (LT ≥ 30 cm, n = 480) randomly collected in the center and northern periphery of gaps were analysed eight years after treatment. The three species became established simultaneously within the gaps. However, the lower light demanding N. nervosa exhibited a mean age slightly larger given the presence of «advanced regeneration» established previously to cutting implementation. Although immature phases located in the centre of gaps showed an equivalent age than those in the northern periphery, they exhibited a growth rate between 7 and 29% faster probably caused by a greater amount of photosynthetically active radiation. N. dombeyi grew at rates between 13 and 30% slower than the other two species, probably due to the smaller nutrient content of its seeds which would consequently produced less competitive seedlings. Saplings belonged to the same age cohort than seedlings though they grew at rates between 2.6 and 4.8 times faster. The early development of size hierarchy within juvenile trees would be related with the particular morphology and physiology of seeds and plants, and microsite condition.En 1994 se implement&oacute; el sistema de cortas de selecci&oacute;n en bosquetes en un bosque natural compuesto por Nothofagus dombeyi, N. obliqua y N. nervosa (Nothofagaceae). Ocho a&ntilde;os despu&eacute;s se analizaron la edad y el crecimiento de los plantines (altura del tallo LT &lt; 30 cm, n = 720 plantas) y juveniles (LT &ge; 30 cm, n = 480) localizados en el centro y la periferia septentrional de los claros artificiales resultantes. Nothofagus dombeyi, N. obliqua y N. nervosa se establecieron en forma simult&aacute;nea en los claros, aunque la especie m&aacute;s tolerante a la sombra N. nervosa exhibi&oacute; una edad sensiblemente mayor debido a la presencia de &laquo;regeneraci&oacute;n avanzada&raquo; establecida antes de la realizaci&oacute;n de las cortas. Aunque los renovales localizados en el centro de los claros presentaron una edad equivalente a los de la periferia septentrional, exhibieron crecimientos entre un 7 y 29% significativamente m&aacute;s r&aacute;pidos probablemente debido a la mayor cantidad de radiaci&oacute;n fotosint&eacute;ticamente activa que recibieron. Los renovales de N. dombeyi crecieron entre un 13 y 30% significativamente menos que los de las otras dos especies, un fen&oacute;meno que se asociar&iacute;a a la menor reserva de nutrientes de la semilla lo que consecuentemente producir&iacute;a plantines menos competitivos. En las especies examinadas, los juveniles constituyeron la misma cohorte que los plantines aunque crecieron entre 2,6 y 4,8 veces m&aacute;s r&aacute;pidamente. El desarrollo temprano de la jerarqu&iacute;a de tama&ntilde;os se asociar&iacute;a con la morfolog&iacute;a y fisiolog&iacute;a particulares de la semilla y de las plantas, y la calidad del micrositio

Phenotype of apoptotic lymphocytes in children with Down syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Down syndrome (DS) is the most common and best-known chromosomal disorder and is associated with several other pathologic conditions including immunodeficiency which makes a significant contribution to morbidity and mortality. Various immunological theories and observations to explain the predisposition of individuals with DS to various infections have been published, one of which is increased apoptotic cells.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of this study was to identify the effect of apoptosis on both types of cells of specific immune response (T and B lymphocytes) in children with DS using Annexin V staining of phosphatidyserine (PS) as a specific marker of early apoptosis.</p> <p>Subjects and methods</p> <p>The study included 17 children with karyotypically ascertained DS (7 males and 10 females). Their ages ranged from 4 months to 14 years with mean age of 5.7 ± 4.35 years. Seventeen age and sex matched healthy children were included in the study as controls. Patients or controls with infections were excluded from the study. Complete blood picture, immunophenotyping, analysis of apoptosis using Annexin V was done at National cancer Institute to all children included in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although CBC, differential count, relative and absolute number of CD³⁺and CD¹⁶⁺did not show significant differences between DS children and control group, the relative and the absolute size of apoptotic CD³⁺T lymphocytes, and the relative size of apoptotic CD¹⁹⁺B lymphocytes were significantly higher in DS children than in controls. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected as regards the absolute size of CD¹⁹⁺B lymphocytes in DS children and in controls</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>our finding of increased early apoptotic cells (especially T cells) in DS children may emphasize the fact that the function of cells- and not their number- is main mechanism responsible for the impairment of the immune system in DS children and may further add to the known fact that cellular immunity is more severely affected than humoral immunity in these children. Further studies on apoptotic cellular phenotype in larger number of DS are needed</p

A Study of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries and Flavor Oscillations in Neutral B Decays at the Upsilon(4S)

We present a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data sample consists of 29.7 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ recorded at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance and 3.9 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ off-resonance. One of the neutral B mesons, which are produced in pairs at the $\Upsilon(4S)$, is fully reconstructed in the CP decay modes $J/\psi K^0_S$, $\psi(2S) K^0_S$, $\chi_{c1} K^0_S$, $J/\psi K^{*0}$ ($K^{*0}\to K^0_S\pi^0$) and $J/\psi K^0_L$, or in flavor-eigenstate modes involving $D^{(*)}\pi/\rho/a_1$ and $J/\psi K^{*0}$ ($K^{*0}\to K^+\pi^-$). The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of its decay, mainly with the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper time elapsed between the decays is determined by measuring the distance between the decay vertices. A maximum-likelihood fit to this flavor eigenstate sample finds $\Delta m_d = 0.516\pm 0.016 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.010 {\rm (syst)} {\rm ps}^{-1}$. The value of the asymmetry amplitude $\sin2\beta$ is determined from a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of the flavor-eigenstate sample and about 642 tagged $B^0$ decays in the CP-eigenstate modes. We find $\sin2\beta=0.59\pm 0.14 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.05 {\rm (syst)}$, demonstrating that CP violation exists in the neutral B meson system. (abridged)Comment: 58 pages, 35 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Measurement of the quasi-elastic axial vector mass in neutrino-oxygen interactions

The weak nucleon axial-vector form factor for quasi-elastic interactions is determined using neutrino interaction data from the K2K Scintillating Fiber detector in the neutrino beam at KEK. More than 12,000 events are analyzed, of which half are charged-current quasi-elastic interactions nu-mu n to mu- p occurring primarily in oxygen nuclei. We use a relativistic Fermi gas model for oxygen and assume the form factor is approximately a dipole with one parameter, the axial vector mass M_A, and fit to the shape of the distribution of the square of the momentum transfer from the nucleon to the nucleus. Our best fit result for M_A = 1.20 \pm 0.12 GeV. Furthermore, this analysis includes updated vector form factors from recent electron scattering experiments and a discussion of the effects of the nucleon momentum on the shape of the fitted distributions.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 6 table

Measurement of the Branching Fraction for B- --> D0 K*-

We present a measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B- --> D0 K*- using a sample of approximately 86 million BBbar pairs collected by the BaBar detector from e+e- collisions near the Y(4S) resonance. The D0 is detected through its decays to K- pi+, K- pi+ pi0 and K- pi+ pi- pi+, and the K*- through its decay to K0S pi-. We measure the branching fraction to be B.F.(B- --> D0 K*-)= (6.3 +/- 0.7(stat.) +/- 0.5(syst.)) x 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications

Study of e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 process using initial state radiation with BABAR

The process e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma has been studied at a center-of-mass energy near the Y(4S) resonance using a 89.3 fb-1 data sample collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II collider. From the measured 3pi mass spectrum we have obtained the products of branching fractions for the omega and phi mesons, B(omega --> e+e-)B(omega --> 3pi)=(6.70 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.27)10-5 and B(phi --> e+e-)B(phi --> 3pi)=(4.30 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.21)10-5, and evaluated the e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 cross section for the e+e- center-of-mass energy range 1.05 to 3.00 GeV. About 900 e+e- --> J/psi gamma --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma events have been selected and the branching fraction B(J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0)=(2.18 +/- 0.19)% has been measured.Comment: 21 pages, 37 postscript figues, submitted to Phys. Rev.