12 research outputs found

    Determinación de los principales efectos ambientales en humedales debido a la variación climática en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un análisis del cambio climático

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    La variación de los diferentes parámetros climáticos como la temperatura ambiente, la precipitación, la evaporación, la humedad relativa y el brillo solar en la ciudad de Bogotá, causada tanto por factores antrópicos como naturales, tienen un efecto en los humedales. Dichos efectos cambian la dinámica y la función ecológica de los humedales convirtiéndolos en ecosistemas frágiles. De esta manera los humedales pierden su estructura ecológica, y su aporte a la mitigación del cambio climático se ve seriamente limitado, y por el contrario los fenómenos de variabilidad climática, como el fenómeno del niño y la niña, golpean seriamente las zonas ocupadas por estos ecosistemas, trayendo graves inundaciones en época de lluvias y sequias en épocas de estiaje. La intervención del hombre en la integridad del ecosistema, a causa de la expansión urbana (ocasionada por la mala planeación distrital), en áreas inundables de los humedales, transforma el microclima de dicha área, aumentando la vulnerabilidad del ecosistema, a pesar de la protección actual que se le brinda al hábitat por parte de la secretaria distrital de ambiente de Bogotá y la empresa de acueducto y alcantarillado de Bogotá

    Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand.

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    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. DESIGN: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. METHODS: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1-10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. RESULTS: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and -1.2 (IQR: -2.3 to -0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21-1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than -3 compared with HAZ at least -1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than -1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least -1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least -1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. CONCLUSION: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least -1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age

    Verification of the height for measurement of PM10 and PM2.5 in air quality as part of the compliance of the objective and characteristics of air quality monitoring systems (SVCA)

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    Este trabajo establece la diferencia de concentración de material particulado (PM10 y PM2.5.), que hay a diferentes alturas de 2 y 10 metros en dos puntos estratégicos, con el fin de determinar la incidencia de dicho rango de altura en el resultado de las mediciones. Las alturas mencionadas se encuentran definidas en el Part40-CFR de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA) para la instalación de equipos e implementación de un sistema de vigilancia de calidad del aire (SVCA) y adoptadas por el ministerio de ambiente y desarrollo sostenible en el protocolo de calidad del aire. De esta manera se verifica la altura de medición adecuada para un SVCA tipo tráfico y ambiental en la ciudad de Bogotá. Las mediciones fueron realizadas en la Facultad FAMARENA Bosa El Porvenir y Facultad De Artes ASAB de la Universidad Distrital durante un periodo de 7 meses, en los cuales se obtuvo un total de 159.322 datos de medición de PM10 y PM2.5. A partir del trabajo realizado, se tiene como resultado que, durante cada mes estudiado la tendencia de los niveles de concentración es mayor a 2m de altura, pues supera más del 60% del total de datos para cada parámetro. Para la Sede El Porvenir se logró establecer que las concentraciones son mayores a la altura de 2m respecto a las concentraciones registradas a 10m, con una tendencia en diferencia de concentración de 15 µg/m3 y máximas de hasta de 40 µg/m3 para el parámetro PM10, que en general no se encuentran por encima de la norma. Para el parámetro PM2. 5, se concluyó que las mayores concentraciones se presentan en horas de la noche y a primeras horas de la mañana en las cuales se registra la mayor afluencia de población. Los datos registrados en la sede ASAB presentaron una mayor frecuencia entre los intervalos de 0 a 15 µg/m3 donde las concentraciones son mayores a una altura de 2m durante las jornadas de la mañana y tarde, pues las concentraciones registradas durante la jornada nocturna fueron mayores a 10m lo cual representa un cambio en el comportamiento esperado y puede deberse a una diferencia de temperatura promedio de 2,4°c entre los equipo de medición a diferentes alturas con máximo de gasta 7°c en ciertos momentos. Dichas variaciones pueden deberse a fenómenos de inversión térmica durante la noche o retención de radiación solar en el suelo.This work establishes the difference in concentration of particulate material (PM10 and PM2.5) At different heights (2m and 10m) in order to find if there is any type of incidence at the time of making a measurement in said range of heights which are those defined in the Part40-CFR of the EPA for the installation of equipment and implementation of an air quality monitoring system (SVCA). in order to verify the appropriate measurement height for a traffic and environmental SVCA in the city of Bogotá. The measurements made at the BOSA PORVENIR and ASAB headquarters of the district university resulted in the collection of 159,322 PM10 and PM2.5 measurement data. for the two aforementioned locations obtained in a period of 7 months where it is found that the concentration trend is greater than 2m in height and exceeds more than 60% of the total data indicating that by month of corresponding study for each parameter more half of the study follows the aforementioned behavior, for the future headquarters it was possible to establish that although the concentration differences are greater with peaks up to 40 µg / m3 difference in height for the PM10 parameter. mostly they are not above the norm, for parameter PM2.5. it was concluded that the highest concentrations occur at night and early in the morning where the highest student influx is recorded, for headquarters of arts, a higher frequency of concentration records was recorded in a smaller number of concentration intervals, which indicated low concentrations for the two parameters in general, concentrations greater than 2m were recorded in a range of 0 to 15 µg / m3

    Determinación de los principales efectos ambientales en humedales debido a la variación climática en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un análisis del cambio climático

    No full text
    La variación de los diferentes parámetros climáticos como la temperatura ambiente, la precipitación, la evaporación, la humedad relativa y el brillo solar en la ciudad de Bogotá, causada tanto por factores antrópicos como naturales, tienen un efecto en los humedales. Dichos efectos cambian la dinámica y la función ecológica de los humedales convirtiéndolos en ecosistemas frágiles. De esta manera los humedales pierden su estructura ecológica, y su aporte a la mitigación del cambio climático se ve seriamente limitado, y por el contrario los fenómenos de variabilidad climática, como el fenómeno del niño y la niña, golpean seriamente las zonas ocupadas por estos ecosistemas, trayendo graves inundaciones en época de lluvias y sequias en épocas de estiaje. La intervención del hombre en la integridad del ecosistema, a causa de la expansión urbana (ocasionada por la mala planeación distrital), en áreas inundables de los humedales, transforma el microclima de dicha área, aumentando la vulnerabilidad del ecosistema, a pesar de la protección actual que se le brinda al hábitat por parte de la secretaria distrital de ambiente de Bogotá y la empresa de acueducto y alcantarillado de Bogotá

    Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

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    Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

    Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in hospitalised medically ill patients The ENDORSE Global Survey

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    Limited data are available regarding the risk for venous thromboembolism (VIE) and VIE prophylaxis use in hospitalised medically ill patients. We analysed data from the global ENDORSE survey to evaluate VTE risk and prophylaxis use in this population according to diagnosis, baseline characteristics, and country. Data on patient characteristics, VIE risk, and prophylaxis use were abstracted from hospital charts. VTE risk and prophylaxis use were evaluated according to the 2004 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with use of ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. Data were evaluated for 37,356 hospitalised medical patients across 32 countries. VIE risk varied according to medical diagnosis, from 31.2% of patients with gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary diseases to 100% of patients with acute heart failure, active noninfectious respiratory disease, or pulmonary infection (global rate, 41.5%). Among those at risk for VTE, ACCP-recommended prophylaxis was used in 24.4% haemorrhagic stroke patients and 40-45% of cardiopulmonary disease patients (global rate, 39.5%). Large differences in prophylaxis use were observed among countries. Markers of disease severity, including central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, and admission to intensive care units, were strongly associated with use of ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. In conclusion, VIE risk varies according to medical diagnosis. Less than 40% of at-risk hospitalised medical patients receive ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. Prophylaxis use appears to be associated with disease severity rather than medical diagnosis. These data support the necessity to improve implementation of available guidelines for evaluating VIE risk and providing prophylaxis to hospitalised medical patients

    Venous Thromboembolism Risk and Prophylaxis in the Acute Care Hospital Setting (ENDORSE Survey) Findings in Surgical Patients

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    Objective: To evaluate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in patients who underwent a major operation, including the use of, and factors influencing, American College of Chest Physicians-recommended types of VTE prophylaxis

    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

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    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

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    Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

    Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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