The Journalist Discourse on Political Corruption. A Comparative Analysis of the SQM case in Chile and the Bárcenas case in Spain

Este artículo empírico analiza cualitativamente el tratamiento periodístico de la corrupción política en España y en Chile. Concretamente, se centra en el caso chileno “Soquimich” y en el caso español “Bárcenas”. Para ello, se compara el discurso noticioso de los diarios chilenos El Mercurio y La Tercera y de los periódicos españoles El País y El Mundo en relación a los siguientes ejes: 1) Rol de los personajes y caracterización de los mismos y 2) Estrategias discursivas subyacentes en el discurso mediático. Si bien existen diferencias en la cobertura noticiosa en ambos países, los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el tratamiento de la corrupción es simplificado e incompleto. Eso se debe a que los relatos analizados se focalizan en los “corruptos” sin cuestionar las verdaderas raíces de la corrupción.This empirical article analyzes qualitatively press coverage of political corruption in Spain and Chile. Specifically, the study focuses on the Chilean case “Soquimich” and in the Spanish case “Barcenas”. For this purpose, the news discourse of Chilean daily El Mercurio and La Tercera and Spanish newspapers El País and El Mundo were compared regarding the following axes: 1) Role of the characters and characterization of them and 2) Discursive strategies underlayed by the media discourse. While there are differences in news coverage of corruption in both countries, the results obtained indicate that treatment of corruption is simplified and incomplete. That is because the stories analyzed are focused on corrupt —the particular characters— without questioning the real roots of corruption

Estudio numérico de las fluctuaciones de los modos del campo EM en un sistema de percolación 3D

En este trabajo se estudia la radiación del campo producido por nano-emisores desordenados en un clúster de percolación tridimensional (3D). En este trabajo hemos utilizado el conjunto de ecuaciones que acopla a las ecuaciones de Maxwell con los nano-emisores de 4 niveles. Como parámetro de cuantificación de la localización del campo, calculamos la relación de participación inversa (IPR). Se estudia el comportamiento dinámico de la amplitud de campo, generada por emisores incorporados en un clúster con probabilidad de ocupación p en los poros. La simulación numérica se realiza mediante el algoritmo de las diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo (FDTD). Los resultados numéricos muestran tiempos específicos donde el campo localizado tiene gran amplitud y una fuerte relación con los niveles alto y bajo de los emisores. El efecto estudiado abre nuevas perspectivas para controlar la localización de campos ópticos en nanotecnologías ópticas modernas

Vulnerable marine ecosystems and biological features of Gazul mud volcano (Gulf of Cádiz): A contribution towards a potential "Gulf of Cádiz" EBSA

The Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) represents an area of socioeconomic and scientific importance for oceanographic, geological and biological processes. An interesting feature of the GoC is the presence of a large amount of mud volcanoes (MVs) and diapirs that display different seepage, seabed types, oceanographic settings and biological communities. Detailed exploration of some MVs is still needed for detecting Vulnerable Marine ecosystems (VMEs) that seem to be rare in other areas of the GoC, improving the current knowledge on its biodiversity and ecological attributes. During different expeditions (MEDWAVES-ATLAS, INDEMARES-CHICA 0610 & 0412 and ISUNEPCA 0616) carried out in different years, biological samples and videos were obtained in Gazul MV (Spanish Margin of the GoC). The study of those samples and videos has revealed the presence of several ecologically important VMEs (e.g. 3 species of reef framework-forming corals, coral gardens including solitary scleractinians, gorgonians and antipatharians, as well as deep-sea sponge aggregations and chemosynthesis-related structures) and a large number of species occurring in this MV, including new records for the European margin, threatened species and non-previously described species. The combination of different environmental and anthropogenic factors allowed the present-day persistence of these VMEs in the GoC. Some of Gazul MV biological and ecological attributes fit several criteria of the Convention on Biological Diversity for EBSA description (e.g. 1,3,4,6) that, together with those of other areas of the GoC, may contribute to the future potential nomination of an EBSA in this area of the NE Atlantic

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Las redes sociales como catalizador del movimiento estudiantil chileno en 2011

Este artigo analisa o papel das redes sociais no movimento estudantil chileno durante 2011, especialmente nos três meses de maior desenvolvimento (junho, julho e agosto). O que está em questão é o uso que as principais federações de estudantes do país, como atores-chave do movimento, fazem nas redes sociais. Para fazer isso, em primeiro lugar, este trabalho propõe uma estrutura conceitual para abordar a compreensão do movimento estudantil chileno em seu contexto latino-americano e, em segundo lugar, uma análise empírica sobre o uso de diversas plataformas on-line (Facebook, meios federativos, Twitter e Youtube). Nos focalizamos sobre a dinâmica da consolidação de identidades, a difusão de ideias políticas e ao desenvolvimento do movimento em rede

Las redes sociales como catalizador del movimiento estudiantil chileno en 2011

This article studies the role social media played in the Chilean student movement during 2011; specifically in the period of greater activity for this group (June, July, and August). This paper is mainly about raising questions regarding the use of social media by the main student federations, as key movement actors. In order to do that, this case study firstly proposes a conceptual framework to better understand the Chilean student movement in a Latin-American context and, secondly, it also includes an empirical analysis about the use of different on-line platforms (Facebook, federations’ media, Twitter, and Youtube). Special attention is paid to the dynamics of strengthening identities, the spread of political ideas and to student movement evolution in the net.Este artigo analisa o papel das redes sociais no movimento estudantil chileno durante 2011, especialmente nos três meses de maior desenvolvimento (junho, julho e agosto). O que está em questão é o uso que as principais federações de estudantes do país, como atores-chave do movimento, fazem nas redes sociais. Para fazer isso, em primeiro lugar, este trabalho propõe uma estrutura conceitual para abordar a compreensão do movimento estudantil chileno em seu contexto latino-americano e, em segundo lugar, uma análise empírica sobre o uso de diversas plataformas on-line (Facebook, meios federativos, Twitter e Youtube). Nos focalizamos sobre a dinâmica da consolidação de identidades, a difusão de ideias políticas e ao desenvolvimento do movimento em rede.El presente artículo examina el rol de las redes sociales en el movimiento estudiantil chileno durante el año 2011, concretamente en los tres meses de mayor desarrollo (junio, julio y agosto). De lo que se trata es de cuestionar el uso que las principales federaciones de estudiantes del país, como actores clave del movimiento, hicieron de las redes sociales. Para ello, en primer lugar, este trabajo propone un marco conceptual para aproximarse a la comprensión del movimiento estudiantil chileno en su contexto latinoamericano y, en segundo lugar, se incluye un análisis empírico sobre el uso de diferentes plataformas on-line (Facebook, medios federativos, Twitter y Youtube). Se presta especial atención a las dinámicas de consolidación de identidades, a la difusión de ideas políticas y al desarrollo del movimiento en red

As redes sociais como um catalisador do movimento estudantil chileno em 2011

Este artigo analisa o papel das redes sociais no movimento estudantil chileno durante 2011, especialmente nos três meses de maior desenvolvimento (junho, julho e agosto). O que está em questão é o uso que as principais federações de estudantes do país, como atores-chave do movimento, fazem nas redes sociais. Para fazer isso, em primeiro lugar, este trabalho propõe uma estrutura conceitual para abordar a compreensão do movimento estudantil chileno em seu contexto latino-americano e, em segundo lugar, uma análise empírica sobre o uso de diversas plataformas on-line (Facebook, meios federativos, Twitter e Youtube). Nos focalizamos sobre a dinâmica da consolidação de identidades, a difusão de ideias políticas e ao desenvolvimento do movimento em rede.El presente artículo examina el rol de las redes sociales en el movimiento estudiantil chileno durante el año 2011, concretamente en los tres meses de mayor desarrollo (junio, julio y agosto). De lo que se trata es de cuestionar el uso que las principales federaciones de estudiantes del país, como actores clave del movimiento, hicieron de las redes sociales. Para ello, en primer lugar, este trabajo propone un marco conceptual para aproximarse a la comprensión del movimiento estudiantil chileno en su contexto latinoamericano y, en segundo lugar, se incluye un análisis empírico sobre el uso de diferentes plataformas on-line (Facebook, medios federativos, Twitter y Youtube). Se presta especial atención a las dinámicas de consolidación de identidades, a la difusión de ideas políticas y al desarrollo del movimiento en red.This article studies the role social media played in the Chilean student movement during 2011; specifically in the period of greater activity for this group (June, July, and August). This paper is mainly about raising questions regarding the use of social media by the main student federations, as key movement actors. In order to do that, this case study firstly proposes a conceptual framework to better understand the Chilean student movement in a Latin-American context and, secondly, it also includes an empirical analysis about the use of different on-line platforms (Facebook, federations’ media, Twitter, and Youtube). Special attention is paid to the dynamics of strengthening identities, the spread of political ideas and to student movement evolution in the net

Condiciones orgánicas y correlaciones de fuerza del movimiento estudiantil chileno.: Una aproximación desde la Confech (2011-2015)*

This paper aims at analyzing the organizational changes in the Confederation of Chilean Students (CONFECH) in the period 2011-2015 and the complexities of the process of institutionalization in the context of the government of Sebastián Piñera and the subsequent administration of Michelle Bachelet. It argues, in the main, that the processes of growth and fragmentation of space CONFECH have generated an increase in the cost of decision-making and collective coordination has become more complex political management capacity of the Executive Board.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las transformaciones orgánicas de la Confederación de Estudiantes de Chile (CONFECH) en el período 2011 a 2015 y las complejidades de su proceso de institucionalización en el contexto del gobierno de Sebastián Piñera y la posterior administración de Michelle Bachelet. Se argumenta, que los procesos de crecimiento y fragmentación del espacio CONFECH ha generado un aumento en los costos de la toma de decisiones y la coordinación colectiva que ha complejizado la capacidad de gestión política de la Mesa Ejecutiva

Additional file 1: of Enablers and inhibitors of the implementation of the Casalud Model, a Mexican innovative healthcare model for non-communicable disease prevention and control

Software programs and upgrades. (DOC 171 kb

Vulnerable marine ecosystems and biological features of Gazul mud volcano (Gulf of Cádiz): A contribution towards a potential "Gulf of Cádiz" EBSA

The Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) represents an area of socioeconomic and scientific importance for oceanographic, geological and biological processes. An interesting feature of the GoC is the presence of a large amount of mud volcanoes (MVs) and diapirs that display different seepage, seabed types, oceanographic settings and biological communities. Detailed exploration of some MVs is still needed for detecting Vulnerable Marine ecosystems (VMEs) that seem to be rare in other areas of the GoC, improving the current knowledge on its biodiversity and ecological attributes. During different expeditions (MEDWAVES-ATLAS, INDEMARES-CHICA 0610 & 0412 and ISUNEPCA 0616) carried out in different years, biological samples and videos were obtained in Gazul MV (Spanish Margin of the GoC). The study of those samples and videos has revealed the presence of several ecologically important VMEs (e.g. 3 species of reef framework-forming corals, coral gardens including solitary scleractinians, gorgonians and antipatharians, as well as deep-sea sponge aggregations and chemosynthesis-related structures) and a large number of species occurring in this MV, including new records for the European margin, threatened species and non-previously described species. The combination of different environmental and anthropogenic factors allowed the present-day persistence of these VMEs in the GoC. Some of Gazul MV biological and ecological attributes fit several criteria of the Convention on Biological Diversity for EBSA description (e.g. 1,3,4,6) that, together with those of other areas of the GoC, may contribute to the future potential nomination of an EBSA in this area of the NE Atlantic