Movimiento social feminista, acciones de protesta y violencia de género

[Resumen] En la parte teórica de esta tesis se hace una concisa exposición del comportamiento colectivo, de los movimientos sociales y del movimiento feminista con el fin comprender mejor las acciones de protesta contra la violencia de género. Queremos conocer su origen, cómo son sus integrantes y sus seguidores. Con el movimiento feminista se hace necesario conocer la historia de la mujer para comprender y conocer mejor su conexión con la violencia de género. La parte empírica consta de tres análisis de datos cuantitativos. En el primero se expone la evolución de la violencia de género analizando datos del INEbase y del Instituto de la Mujer. El segundo y el tercero se han realizado con los datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (WVS) que nos permite "conocer" la confianza en las organizaciones feministas y la justificación de que un hombre maltrate a su esposa en España y además hacer un análisis comparativo entre España, Alemania, Japón, Marruecos y Noruega[Resumo]Na parte teórica desta tese faise unhabreve exposición do comportamento colectivo, dos movementos sociáis e do movemento feminista, co fin de poder entender mellor as accións de protesta contra a violencia de xénero. Queremos coñecer a orixe destes movementos, cómo son os seus integrantes e os seus seguidores. Co movimiento feminista faise necesario coñecer a historia da muller para comprender e coñecer mellor a súa conexión coa violencia de xénero. A parte empírica consta de tres análises de dados cuantitativos. No primeiro exponse a evolución da violencia de xénero analizando de dados do INEbase e do Instituto de la Mujer. O segundo e o terceiro fixéronse cos datos da Enquisa Mundial de Valores (WVS) que nos permite "coñecer" a confianza nas organizacións feministas e a xustificación de que un home maltrate á súa esposa en España e, ademáis facer unha análise comparativa entre España, Alemaña, Xapón, Marrocos e Noruega.[Abstract]The theoretical part of this thesis is a concise exposition of the collective behavior and social movements of the feminist movement in order to better understand the actions of protest against gender-based violence. We want to know its origin, how are its members and followers. It is necessary to know the history of the woman to understand and learn more about their connection with gender-based violence with the feminist movement. The empirical part consists of three quantitative data analysis. The first outlines the evolution of gender-based violence on the basis of data from the INEbase and the women's Institute. The second and the third was performed using data from the world values survey (WVS) that allows us to 'knowing' confidence in feminist organizations and the justification that a man abuse his wife in Spain and make a comparative analysis between Spain, Germany, Japan, Morocco and Norway. Key words: social movement, social change, gender violence, feminism, ethical duty, protest action

Estudio del mecanismo de reacciones modelo de procesos enzimáticos: Catálisis electrófila en la desprotonación de la glicina en el carbono alfa

Los estudios realizados en esta tesis doctoral se encuadran dentro del objetivo general de caracterizar las barreras cinética y termodinámica para la desprotonación del carbono en posición alfa al grupo amino de aminoácidos en agua, con el fin de esclarecer el mecanismo empleado por los sistemas enzimáticos para disminuir dichas barreras

Triorganoindium reagents in Rh-catalyzed C–H activation/C–C cross-coupling reactions of 2-arylpyridines

[Abstract] The activation of C–H bonds through catalytic reactions using transition metals is an important challenge in organic chemistry in which the intermediates are related to those produced in the classical cross-coupling reactions. As part of our research program devoted to the development of metal-catalyzed reactions using indium organometallics, a protocol for the C–H activation and C–C coupling of 2-arylpyridines with triorganoindium reagents under Rh(I) catalysis is reported. Under the optimized conditions, we found that Me3In and Ar3In reagents reacted with 2-arylpyridines and related compounds in the presence of Rh(PPh3)3Cl, in PhCl/THF (9:1), at 120 °C for 48 h, to afford the ortho-coupling products in moderate to good yields. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring acts as a directing group to assist the functionalization at the ortho position of the aryl group forming a new C–C bond at this position.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CTQ2015-68369-PXunta de Galicia; GRC2014/04

Qué beneficios aporta la atención de enfermería en el cumplimiento del tratamiento de los pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular anticoagulados con anti-vitamina K, una revisión bibliográfica

[Resumen] INTRODUCCIÓN: La Fibrilación Auricular (FA) es la arritmia más frecuente en la práctica clínica. Los pacientes con arritmias cardíacas suelen tener tratamiento farmacológico con anticoagulantes para la disminución del riesgo de tromboembolismos; el objetivo principal del tratamiento es prevenir las complicaciones, para lo cual debe de existir un seguimiento para comprobar la efectividad de la estrategia seguida. Ésta puede ser por parte de un servicio especializado, atención primaria o el propio paciente. OBJETIVOS: Conocer cómo afecta al cumplimiento del tratamiento anticoagulante el seguimiento enfermero en pacientes con fibrilación auricular tratados con antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK). Determinar si el cumplimiento se ve favorecido por una buena educación sanitaria, considerando ésta como parte de un buen seguimiento. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica desde el año 2015 hasta el 2020 en varias bases de datos Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane y Dialnet. Se limitaron a los idiomas inglés y español. Los resultados han sido valorados en base a los criterios de inclusión y a las variables de estudio establecidas. Variables: INR, tratamiento con AVK, ictus, hemorragia, seguimiento y educación por enfermería. RESULTADOS: Tras la búsqueda citada anteriormente, se han seleccionado una revisión sistemática, un ensayo clínico y tres estudios originales que se ajustan a nuestros criterios de inclusión. Los resultados obtenidos nos sugieren que el seguimiento y la educación aportados por el personal de enfermería tienen el potencial de mejorar el TRT, reducción de complicaciones y hospitalizaciones. CONCLUSIONES: El seguimiento aportado por personal en clínicas especializadas en fibrilación auricular y dirigidas por enfermería junto con un médico, por ejemplo, nos muestra una mejoría de la adherencia que a su vez provoca una mejora de la calidad de vida y los resultados del tratamiento. Sin embargo, es necesaria una mayor realización de investigaciones y estudios para que la máxima evidencia respalde los resultados obtenidos.[Resumo] INTRODUCCIÓN: A Fibrilación Auricular (FA) é a arritmia máis frecuente da práctica clínica. Os doentes con arritmias cardíacas normalmente teñen un tratamento farmacolóxico con anticoagulantes para diminuír o risco de tromboembolismos; o obxectivo principal do tratamento é previr as complicacións, para o cal deberá existir un seguimento para comprobar a eficacia da estratexia seguida. Esta pode ser por un servizo especializado, atención primaria ou o propio doente. OBXECTIVOS: Saber como afecta ao cumprimento do tratamento anticoagulante o seguimento de enfermaría en doentes con fibrilación auricular tratados con antagonistas da vitamina K (AVK). Determinar se o cumprimento vese favorecido por unha boa educación sanitaria, entendendo esta coma parte dun bo seguimento. METODOLOXÍA: Realizouse unha búsqueda bibliográfica dende o ano 2015 ata o 2020 en varias bases de datos Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane e Dialnet. Limitáronse os idiomas a inglés e español. Os resultados valoráronse en función dos criterios de inclusión e das variables de estudo establecidas. Variables: INR, tratamento con AVK, ictus, hemorraxia, seguimento e educación por enfermaría. RESULTADOS: Tras a búsqueda citada con anterioridade, seleccionáronse unha revisión sistemática, un ensaio clínico e tres estudos orixinais que se axustan aos nosos criterios de inclusión. Os resultados obtidos suxiren que o seguimento e a educación por parte do persoal de enfermaría, teñen o potencial de mellorar o TRT, reducir complicacións e hospitalizacións. CONCLUSIÓN: O seguimento aportado polo persoal de enfermaría nas clínicas especializadas en fibrilación auticular e dirixidas por enfermaría xunto cun médico, por exemplo, amosa unha mellora da adherencia que á sua vez provoca unha mellora da calidade de vida e dos resultados do tratamento. Mais é necesaria unha maior realización de investigacións e estudios para que a maior evicencia apoie os resultados obtidos.[Abstract] INTRODUCTION: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the clinical practice. Patients with cardiac arrhythmias often have pharmacological treatment with anticoagulants that reduces risk of thrombosis. The aim of the treatment is to prevent complications, there must also be a follow up to check treatment effectiveness, this can be done by a specialized service, primary care or the patient himself. OBJECTIVES: To know how nurse follow-up affects compliance in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Determine whether compliance is favored by a good health education, considering it as part of a good follow-up. METHODOLOGY: A bibliographic search was carried out since 2015 to 2020 in various databases: Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and Dialnet. Languages were limited to English and Spanish. Results were evaluated based on inclusion criteria and defined variables. Variables: INR, treatment with AVK, stroke, hemorrhage, follow-up and education by nurses. RESULTS: Following the above-mentioned search, a systematic review, a randomized controlled trial and three original studies meet our inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The follow-up provided by nurses in specific clinics shows an improvement in adherence, which turns into a rise in the quality of life and treatment results. However, further research and studies are necessary for maximum evidence that supports this results. The obtained results suggest that the follow-up and education provided by nurses have the potential to improve TTR, reduce difficulties and hospitalizations.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Enfermaría. Curso 2019/202

Análisis económico-financiero del sector metalúrgico

[Resumen]: En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis económico-financiero de cinco empresas líderes, según sus ingresos de explotación, en el sector metalúrgico a nivel nacional, siendo el Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos (SABI) la base de datos a la que se ha recurrido para la obtención de la información económico-financiera. Con ello, se pretende estudiar la composición de sus masas patrimoniales, analizando la posible existencia de una estructura patrimonial definida en la industria. Además, se puede observar que no existe una forma de financiación predominante en el sector, considerando un mayor empleo de los fondos propios o de los ajenos según la empresa en cuestión. También se realiza un análisis de la solvencia a corto y largo plazo mediante ratios, obteniendo unos mejores resultados para esta última. Y con respecto a las rentabilidades, es posible identificar la tendencia creciente que experimentan durante el horizonte temporal objeto de estudio (2013-2017).[Abstract]: In the present work, an economic-financial analysis is carried out of five leading companies, according to their operating income, in the metallurgical sector at a national level, with the Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos (SABI) being the database used to obtain the economic-financial information. The aim is to study the composition of their patrimonial masses, analysing the possible existence of a defined patrimonial structure in the industry. In addition, it can be observed that there is no predominant form of financing in the sector, considering a greater use of both equity or borrowed funds depending on the company in question. An analysis of the short and long term solvency is also carried out by means of ratios, obtaining better results for the latter. With regard to profitabilities, it is possible to identify the growing trend they experience during the time horizon under study (2013-2017).Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2018/201

Spatial pattern and temporal evolution of glacial terminations of the last 800 ka

The second QUIGS workshop brought together 28 delegates to assess current knowledge and research needs on the spatio-temporal patterns of climate forcing, responses and feedbacks that characterize glacial terminations, i.e. transitions between glacial and interglacial periods

Multiagent Rollout with Reshuffling for Warehouse Robots Path Planning

Efficiently solving path planning problems for a large number of robots is critical to the successful operation of modern warehouses. The existing approaches adopt classical shortest path algorithms to plan in environments whose cells are associated with both space and time in order to avoid collision between robots. In this work, we achieve the same goal by means of simulation in a smaller static environment. Built upon the new framework introduced in (Bertsekas, 2021a), we propose multiagent rollout with reshuffling algorithm, and apply it to address the warehouse robots path planning problem. The proposed scheme has a solid theoretical guarantee and exhibits consistent performance in our numerical studies. Moreover, it inherits from the generic rollout methods the ability to adapt to a changing environment by online replanning, which we demonstrate through examples where some robots malfunction

Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the National Academy of Sciences via the DOI in this recordExplanations of the glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a "chemical divide" between intermediate and deep water in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/Ca-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected δ18O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South Atlantic water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22-2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer δ13C and foraminifer/coral14C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South Atlantic lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2during the late deglacial period. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.J.R. was funded jointly by the British Geological Survey/British Antarctic Survey (Natural Environment Research Council) and the University of Cambridge. J.G. was funded by the Gates Cambridge Trust. L.C.S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and NERC Grant NE/J010545/1. C.W. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Grant ACCLIMATE 339108. This work was funded (in part) by the European Research Council (ERC Grant 2010-NEWLOG ADG-267931 HE). N.V.R. acknowledges support from EU RTN NICE (36127)

Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation.

Explanations of the glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2 invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a "chemical divide" between intermediate and deep water in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/Ca-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected δ(18)O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South Atlantic water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22-2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer δ(13)C and foraminifer/coral (14)C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South Atlantic lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2 during the late deglacial period. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.We are grateful to I. Mather, J. Rolfe, F. Dewilde and G. Isguder for preparing and performing isotopic analyses, as well as C. Daunt, S. Souanef-Ureta and M. Greaves for technical assistance in performing trace element analysis. J.R. was funded jointly by the British Geological Survey/British Antarctic Survey (Natural Environment Research Council) and the University of Cambridge. J.G. was funded by the Gates Cambridge Trust. L.C.S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and NERC grant NE/J010545/1. C.W. acknowledges support from the European Research Council grant ACCLIMATE/no 339108. This is LSCE contribution 5514. This work was funded (in part) by the European Research Council (ERC grant 2010-NEWLOG ADG-267931 HE). N.V.R. acknowledges support from EU RTN NICE (no. 36127). We thank the captain and crew of the RRS James Clark Ross for facilitating the collection of the marine sediment core GC528.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from PNAS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.151125211

Carbon isotope offsets between benthic foraminifer species of the genus Cibicides (Cibicidoides) in the glacial sub-Antarctic Atlantic

©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Epibenthic foraminifer δ 13 C measurements are valuable for reconstructing past bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon δ 13 C (δ 13 C DIC ), which are used to infer global ocean circulation patterns. Epibenthic δ 13 C, however, may also reflect the influence of 13 C-depleted phytodetritus, microhabitat changes, and/or variations in carbonate ion concentrations. Here we compare the δ 13 C of two benthic foraminifer species, Cibicides kullenbergi and Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and their morphotypes, in three sub-Antarctic Atlantic sediment cores over several glacial-interglacial transitions. These species are commonly assumed to be epibenthic, living above or directly below the sediment-water interface. While this might be consistent with the small δ 13 C offset that we observe between these species during late Pleistocene interglacial periods (Δδ 13 C = −0.19 ± 0.31‰, N = 63), it is more difficult to reconcile with the significant δ 13 C offset that is found between these species during glacial periods (Δδ 13 C = −0.76 ± 0.44‰, N = 44). We test possible scenarios by analyzing Uvigerina spp. δ 13 C and benthic foraminifer abundances: (1) C. kullenbergi δ 13 C is biased to light values either due to microhabitat shifts or phytodetritus effects and (2) C. wuellerstorfi δ 13 C is biased to heavy values, relative to long-term average conditions, for instance by recording the sporadic occurrence of less depleted deepwater δ 13 C DIC . Neither of these scenarios can be ruled out unequivocally. However, our findings emphasize that supposedly epibenthic foraminifer δ 13 C in the sub-Antarctic Atlantic may reflect several factors rather than being solely a function of bottom water δ 13 C DIC . This could have a direct bearing on the interpretation of extremely light South Atlantic δ 13 C values at the Last Glacial Maximum