Fatores associados à diarreia em menores de cinco anos, no estado de Pernambuco, segundo inquéritos realizados em 1997 e 2006

OBJECTIVE: Describe and compare variations of the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years old in the state of Pernambuco. METHODS: We used the databases of two population-based surveys from the years 1997 and 2006, with 2,078 and 1,650 children, respectively, evaluated in 18 municipalities of Pernambuco (Metropolitan Region of Recife, urban and rural interior). The variables, allocated at hierarchical levels, were analyzed using prevalence and Poisson regression ratios. RESULTS: Only four variables were independently associated and were included in the final hierarchical model: geographical area, number of people per room, maternal age and the age of the child. In 1997: urban interior = 1.33 (95%CI 1.06–1.66), rural interior = 1.22 (95%CI 0.97–1.53) and in 2006: urban interior = 1.87 (95%CI 1.31–2.66), rural interior = 2.07 (95%CI 1.50–2.85); number of persons per room (1997): 1 to less than 2 = 1.29 (95%CI 0.98–1.68), two or more = 1.47 (95%CI 1.11–1.95) and in 2006: 1 to less than 2 = 0.86 (95%CI 0.68–1.09), two or more = 1.29 (95%CI 0.94–1.75); maternal age (1997): 10 to 19 years = 1.48 (95%CI 1.05–2.08), 20 to 24 years = 1.23 (95%CI 0.94–1.60), 25 to 34 years = 1.01 (95%CI 0.78–1.30) and in 2006: 10 to 19 years old = 1.70 (95%CI 1.08–2.66), 20 to 24 years old = 1.64 (95%CI 1.16–2.32), 25 to 34 years = 1.20 (95%CI 0.89–1.62); and age of the child (1997): 0–11 months = 1.57 (95%CI 1.27–1.94), 12–23 months = 1.73 (95%CI 1.41–2.12) and in 2006: 0–11 months = 1.04 (95%CI 0.76–1.41), 12–23 months = 1.77 (95%CI 1.41–2.23). CONCLUSIONS: There was a great variability of the conditioners of diarrhea in children between the two periods analyzed. At the public policy level, despite changes in terms of people, time sequences, and geographic spaces, diarrhea remains on an important scale in the ranking of government power.OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar variações dos fatores associados à prevalência de diarreia em menores de cinco anos no estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os bancos de dados de dois inquéritos de base populacional nos anos de 1997 e 2006, com 2.078 e 1.650 crianças, respectivamente, avaliadas em 18 municípios de Pernambuco (Região Metropolitana do Recife, interior urbano e rural). As variáveis, alocadas em níveis hierárquicos, foram analisadas por meio de razões de prevalência e regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Apenas quatro variáveis se mostraram independentemente associadas e constaram no modelo final hierarquizado: área geográfica, número de pessoas por cômodo, idade materna e idade da criança. Em 1997: interior urbano = 1,33 (IC95% 1,06–1,66), interior rural = 1,22 (IC95% 0,97–1,53) e em 2006: interior urbano = 1,87 (IC95% 1,31–2,66), interior rural = 2.07 (IC95% 1.50–2.85); número de pessoas por cômodo (1997): 1 a menos de 2 = 1,29 (IC95% 0,98-1,68), dois ou mais = 1,47 (IC95% 1,11–1,95) e em 2006: 1 a menos de 2 = 0.86 (IC95% 0,68–1,09), dois ou mais = 1,29 (IC95% 0,94–1,75); idade materna (1997): 10 a 19 anos = 1,48 (IC95% 1,05–2,08), 20 a 24 anos = 1,23 (IC95% 0,94–1,60), 25 a 34 anos = 1,01 (IC95% 0,78–1,30) e em 2006: 10 a 19 anos = 1,70 (IC95% 1,08–2,66), 20 a 24 anos = 1,64 (IC95% 1,16–2,32), 25 a 34 anos = 1,20 (IC95% 0,89–1,62); e idade da criança (1997): 0–11 meses = 1,57 (IC95% 1,27–1,94), 12–23 meses = 1,73 (IC95% 1,41–2,12) e em 2006: 0–11 meses = 1,04 (IC95% 0,76–1,41), 12–23 meses = 1,77 (IC95% 1,41–2,23). CONCLUSÕES: Houve uma grande variabilidade dos condicionantes das diarreias em crianças entre os dois períodos analisados. Em nível de políticas públicas, apesar de mudanças em termos de pessoas, sequências temporais e espaços geográficos, as diarreias continuam em uma escala importante no elenco de prioridades do poder governamental

Complication rates and patient satisfaction with removable dentures

PURPOSE. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the frequency and type of prosthetic complications in relation to type and properties of removable dentures and to investigate the influence of these complications and several data about the existing dentures on patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety nine patients (44 males and 55 females) wearing removable dentures have been included in the study. The complications of the patients were recorded; patient satisfaction was determined with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the relationship of complications and patient satisfaction with several data about the dentures such as denture age, type of denture, centric relation and vertical dimension was investigated. Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Chi square tests were used for statistical analyses. The results were evaluated statistically at a significance level of P<.05. RESULTS. Need for addition of artificial teeth for dentures with correct centric relations was found to be significantly lower than dentures with wrong centric relations (P<.01). Loss of retention, ulcerations and high vertical dimension affected the VAS chewing ability scores negatively and ulcerations affected the VAS phonation scores negatively (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that loss of retention, ulcerations and high vertical dimension caused patient dissatisfaction. Additionally, dentures with wrong centric relations caused need for addition of artificial teeth. [J Adv Prosthodont 2012;4:109-15

Perfil de adultos jovens praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias de ginástica da cidade de São Paulo

Introdução: A busca por um corpo padrão tem se tornado cada vez mais visível na sociedade entre os adultos jovens, principalmente em razão do fácil acesso à mídia onde há uma intensa divulgação de informações. Consequentemente, tomam medidas, como dietas, suplementos e exercícios físicos, para conseguirem o que desejam. Quando não supervisionadas por profissionais capacitados, podem se tornar prejudiciais à saúde. A prática de exercícios físicos combinada com uma alimentação saudável deve visar a saúde e não somente a imagem corporal. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de adultos jovens, praticantes de exercícios físicos e frequentadores de academias de ginástica da Cidade de São Paulo. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em academias de ginástica da cidade de São Paulo no período de agosto a novembro de 2019. Utilizou-se questionário desenvolvido e aplicado pelos próprios pesquisadores, contendo questões sobre prática de exercícios, principais tipos de alimentos consumidos, dietas, uso de suplementos, entre outros. Resultados: A maior parte frequenta academias entre 3 e 5 vezes por semana, sendo a saúde e a estética os principais motivos. Quase 50% já realizou algum tipo de dieta, indicadas, em sua maioria, por nutricionistas. Além disso, 60,9% não usa suplementos alimentares e grande parte diz ter conhecimento sobre os efeitos que podem causar no organismo humano. Dentre os consumidores, 48% dizem consumir por iniciativa própria. Conclusão: Há uma busca por equilíbrio entre alimentação saudável e a prática de exercícios pelos participantes, notando um bom consumo de todos os grupos de alimentos, exceto o de oleaginosas e cereais integrais

bFGF加人工真皮と植皮術による一期再建は瘢痕の成熟と弾性の改善につながる

The efficacy of one-stage artificial dermis and skin grafting was tested in a nude rat model. Reconstruction with artificial dermis is usually a two-stage procedure with 2- to 3-week intermission. If one-stage use of artificial dermis and split-thickness skin grafting are effective, the overall burden on patients and the medical cost will markedly decrease. The graft take rate, contraction rate, tissue elasticity, histology, morphometric analysis of the dermal thickness, fibroblast counting, immunohistochemistry of α-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, CD31, and F4/80, as well as gelatin zymography, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for matrix metalloproteinase-2, and electron microscopy, were investigated from day 3 to 3 months postoperatively. The graft take rate was good overall in one-stage artificial dermis and skin grafting groups up to 3 weeks, and the contraction rate was greater in the two-staged artificial dermis and skin grafting group than in the skin grafting alone or one stage of artificial dermis and skin grafting groups. Split-thickness skin grafting with artificial dermis and basic fibroblast growth factor at a concentration of 1 μg/cm2 showed significantly greater elasticity by Cutometer, and the dermal thickness was significantly thinner, fibroblast counting was significantly greater, and the α-smooth muscle actin expression level was more notable with a more mature blood supply in the dermis and more organized dermal fibrils by electron microscopy at 3 weeks. Thus, one-stage artificial dermis and split-thickness skin grafting with basic fibroblast growth factor show a high graft take rate and better tissue elasticity determined by Cutometer analysis, maturity of the dermis, and increased fibroblast number and blood supply compared to a standard two-stage reconstruction.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第621号 学位授与年月日:平成25年9月19日Author: Rodrigo Hamuy, Naoshi Kinoshita, Hiroshi Yoshimoto, Kenji Hayashida, Seiji Houbara, Masahiro Nakashima, Keiji Suzuki, Norisato Mitsutake, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Kazuya Kashiyama, Akiyoshi Hirano, Sadanori AkitaCitation: Wound Repair and Regeneration, 21(1), pp.141-154; 2013Nagasaki University (長崎大学)課程博

A colorimetric strategy based on dynamic chemistry for direct detection of Trypanosomatid species

Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are endemic in many countries, and re-emerging in the developed countries. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is important for early treatment for reducing the duration of infection as well as for preventing further potential health complications. In this work, we have developed a novel colorimetric molecular assay that integrates nucleic acid analysis by dynamic chemistry (ChemNAT) with reverse dot-blot hybridization in an array format for a rapid and easy discrimination of Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi. The assay consists of a singleplex PCR step that amplifies a highly homologous DNA sequence which encodes for the RNA component of the large ribosome subunit. The amplicons of the two different parasites differ between them by single nucleotide variations, known as “Single Nucleotide Fingerprint” (SNF) markers. The SNF markers can be easily identified by naked eye using a novel micro Spin-Tube device "Spin-Tube", as each of them creates a specific spot pattern. Moreover, the direct use of ribosomal RNA without requiring the PCR pre-amplification step is also feasible, further increasing the simplicity of the assay. The molecular assay delivers sensitivity capable of identifying up to 8.7 copies per μL with single mismatch specificity. The Spin-Tube thus represents an innovative solution providing benefits in terms of time, cost, and simplicity, all of which are crucial for the diagnosis of infectious disease in developing countries.This research work has received funding from Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Economía e Innovación (project number 2012-BIO1778), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grants CTQ2012-34778, BIO2016-80519-R, FPI Grant BES-2013- 063020). This research was partially supported by the 7th European Community Framework Program (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG-Project Number 322276)