Etude de la reactivite de carbonates et de carbamates chlores vis-a-vis de nucleophiles. Formation d'anions a l'aide des bases complexes

SIGLECNRS T 64241 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Traitement des archives du Centre des études pédagogiques - Etudes pédagogiques secondaires de Genève

L'Institut de Formation des Maîtresses et des Maîtres de l'Enseignement Secondaire (IFMES) du canton de Genève, nous a mandatés en mars 2005 dans le but de traiter le fonds d'archives du Centre des Études Pédagogiques de l'Enseignement Secondaire (recensement, tri, classement, description, conditionnement) en vue de son versement aux Archives d’Etat de Genève (AEG), organe chargé de l’archivage définitif des documents émanant de l’administration genevoise. Notre mémoire relate les différentes étapes de la réalisation de notre mandat. Il présente les résultats de notre analyse des besoins et de l'existant, les difficultés rencontrées dans le travail ainsi que les outils que nous avons élaborés pour le traitement du fonds. Il expose également l'état d'avancement de notre travail, les différentes recommandations et procédures mises en place en vue de la poursuite adéquate du projet, qui sera effectuée par l'organisme mandataire

Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics for quantitative analysis of complex flows in an industrial transesterification process

International audienceA method based on Raman spectroscopy has been used for determination of ester acrylate mixture composition from an industrial production of acrylic monomers. Five molecules of the industrial mixture have been studied: main components and an impurity. Experiments were carried out with an immersion probe on the spectral range of 100-3425cm(-1). Usually, monitoring a complex industrial flow by spectroscopic analysis requires a lot of samples in order to have a representative prediction model. Here only 60 samples from the process were necessary to build the model. The statistics was then artificially increased by synthetically increasing the number of samples. A qualitative study by principal component analysis was at first done, and then a partial least squares method was performed to assess the feasibility of quantitative measurements in such transesterification process. Internal and external validations methods have been used and their results show a RMSEP below 1% of samples predicted concentration ranges. The repeatability and reproducibility of Raman measurements are also discussed

2′-deoxyguanosine oxidation is associated with decrease in the DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor Sp1 in liver and kidney from diabetic and insulin-resistant rats

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: PrPC AND T CELL DIFFERENTIATION

E.J.-M, V.A.-A. and C.A.-G. contributed equally to this work.International audienceCellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is an ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein whose roles are still widely discussed, particularly in the field of immunology. Using TgA20- and Tg33-transgenic mice overexpressing PrP(C), we investigated the consequences of this overexpression on T cell development. In both models, overexpression of PrP(C) induces strong alterations at different steps of T cell maturation. On TgA20 mice, we observed that these alterations are cell autonomous and lead to a decrease of alphabeta T cells and a concomitant increase of gammadelta T cell numbers. PrP(C) has been shown to bind and chelate copper and, interestingly, under a copper supplementation diet, TgA20 mice presented a partial restoration of the alphabeta T cell development, suggesting that PrP(C) overexpression, by chelating copper, generates an antioxidant context differentially impacting on alphabeta and gammadelta T cell lineage

Antioxidant supplementation increases the risk of skin cancers in women but not in men

This research aimed to test whether supplementation with a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals could reduce the risk of skin cancers (SC). It was performed within the framework of the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants study, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trial testing the efficacy of nutritional doses of antioxidants in reducing incidence of cancer and ischemic heart disease in the general population. French adults (7876 women and 5141 men) were randomized to take an oral daily capsule of antioxidants (120 mg vitamin C, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg b-carotene, 100 mg selenium, and 20 mg zinc) or a matching placebo. The median time of follow-up was 7.5 y. A total of 157 cases of all types of SC were reported, from which 25 were melanomas. Because the effect of antioxidants on SC incidence varied according to gender, men and women were analyzed separately. In women, the incidence of SC was higher in the antioxidant group [adjusted hazard ratio (adjusted HR) = 1.68; P = 0.03]. Conversely, in men, incidence did not differ between the 2 treatment groups (adjusted HR = 0.69; P = 0.11). Despite the small number of events, the incidence of melanoma was also higher in the antioxidant group for women (adjusted HR = 4.31; P = 0.02). The incidence of nonmelanoma SC did not differ between the antioxidant and placebo groups (adjusted HR = 1.37; P = 0.22 for women and adjusted HR = 0.72; P = 0.19 for men). Our findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation affects the incidence of SC differentially in men and women. © 2007 American Society for Nutrition.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Expression of prion protein increases cellular copper binding and antioxidant enzyme activities but not copper delivery

International audienceThe N-terminal region of the prion protein PrPC contains a series of octapeptide repeats. This region has been implicated in the binding of divalent metal ions, particularly copper. PrPC has been suggested to be involved in copper transport and metabolism and in cell defense mechanisms against oxidative insult, possibly through the regulation of the intracellular CuZn superoxide dismutase activity (CuZn-SOD) or a SOD-like activity of PrPC itself. However, up to now the link between PrPC expression and copper metabolism or SOD activity has still to be formally established; particularly because conflicting results have been obtained in vivo. In this study, we report a link between PrPC, copper binding, and resistance to oxidative stress. Radioactive copper (64Cu) was used at a physiological concentration to demonstrate that binding of copper to the outer plasma cell membrane is related to the level of PrPC expression in a cell line expressing a doxycycline-inducible murine PrPC gene. Cellular PIPLC pretreatment indicated that PrPC was not involved in copper delivery at physiological concentrations. We also demonstrated that murine PrPC expression increases several antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels. Prion protein may be a stress sensor sensitive to copper and able to initiate, following copper binding, a signal transduction process acting on the antioxidant systems to improve cell defenses