La contribución de la mujer en la economía rural de Castilla y León

La participación de la mujer en el tejido socioeconómico de las zonas rurales se ha visto frecuentemente infravalorada. Sin embargo, desde hace pocos años existe una clara conciencia por parte de los poderes públicos de que la inclusión de la mujer en las estrategias de dinamización socioeconómica del mundo rural es fundamental para fijar población y generar renta y empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en determinar la contribución económica de la mujer en el desarrollo del medio rural de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. Para ello, se ha analizado la relación existente entre el grado de desarrollo de los municipios rurales y las características socioeconómicas de las mujeres que los habitan. Para alcanzar tal fin, se han empleado tres tipos de técnicas multivariantes: el análisis de componentes principales, la regresión múltiple y el análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados alcanzados permiten afirmar que la participación económica y social de la mujer en el medio rural de Castilla y León se configura como una condición indispensable para alcanzar un mayor bienestar y nivel de desarrollo en esas zonas.Género, desarrollo rural, métodos cuantitativos, Castilla y León (España)., Agricultural and Food Policy, J16, O18, R23,

Development of amino-functionalized membranes for removal of microorganism

[EN] Treatments to ensure water supply of an acceptable hygienic-sanitary quality is of vast importance. Among unconventional treatments, membrane technologies have recently stood out. Immobilization of antimicrobial compounds onto membranes can prevent fouling and lead to self-cleaning matrices. In this study, cellulose membranes functionalized with amines were developed to assess their capability to remove microbial contamination. Water samples with several levels of Escherichia coli inoculum were filtered through membranes, and different trials were run to check the system's effectiveness. The amino-functionalized membranes were able to filter water samples in a few seconds, and partially or completely remove the inoculated microorganism depending on the inoculum level. The amine-functionalized membranes displayed significant retention capacity in samples with high bacterial concentrations and were able to decontaminate water with low microbial load. Membranes can be reused with no apparent loss of efficiency. Hence, this study demonstrates the high potential of amine-functionalized membranes in drinking water treatments.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER-EU (Project AGL2015-70235-C2-1-R). N.P.G. is grateful to Generalitat Valencia for her grant. The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support.Peña-Gomez, N.; Ruiz Rico, M.; Fernández Segovia, I.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2018). Development of amino-functionalized membranes for removal of microorganism. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 48:75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2018.05.023S75824

Diseño de aplicativos de "autodiagnóstico sectoriales" como soporte del trabajo autónomo en el nuevo EEES

L'objectiu d'aquests aplicatius, centrats cadascun d'ells en diferents sectors de l'economia, és facilitar la consecució d'un dels objectius vinculats a la implantació de l'Espai Europeu d'Ensenyament Superior (EEES), on s'estableix que el procés formatiu universitari ha de basar-se a desenvolupar l'estudi continuat i autònom dels estudiants (self-regulated/managed learning). El nostre aplicatiu informàtic és un instrument mitjançant el qual l'alumne, de forma autònoma, pot autoavaluar quin és el seu nivell de coneixement dels continguts de les assignatures d'Estadística (grau d’A.D.E. de la Universitat de Barcelona) via l'anàlisi d'una empresa situada en un determinat sector econòmic. En aquest sentit, també pot entendre's com un material didàctic en la línia de l'anomenat aprenentatge basat en problemes (problem-based learning). Amb una estructura dinàmica, basada en qüestions d'opció múltiple, i incorporada com un mòdul dins de la plataforma Moodle (utilitzada per la Universitat de Barcelona), permet una execució “on-line” del seu contingut. La nostra eina és un exemple més de com l'ús de les noves tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TIC), pot contribuir enormement a la innovació dels processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge en el marc universitari.The aim of these applications, each focusing on different sectors of the economy, is to facilitate the achievement of one of the objectives related to the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), stating that the university educational process must be based on developing the students? continued and autonomous study (self-regulated/managed learning. Our computer-based learning is an instrument through which the student autonomously can self-assess the level of knowledge of Statistics subject content (A.D.E. degree from the University of Barcelona) through the analysis of a company located in a particular economic sector. In this sense, it can be understood as a teaching material on line based on problems (problem-based learning). With a dynamic structure, based on multiple choice questions, and incorporated as a module within the Moodle platform (used by the University of Barcelona), it allows a run on-line "of its content. Our tool is another example of how the use of new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute enormously to innovation of the teaching and learning processes in the university context.El objetivo de estos aplicativos, centrados cada uno de ellos en diferentes sectores de la economía, es facilitar la consecución de uno de los objetivos vinculados a la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES), donde se establece que el proceso formativo universitario debe basarse en desarrollar el estudio continuado y autónomo de los estudiantes (self-regulated/managed learning). Nuestro aplicativo informático es un instrumento mediante el cual el alumno, de forma autónoma, puede autoevaluar cuál es su nivel de conocimiento de los contenidos de las asignaturas de Estadística (grado de A.D.E. de la Universitat de Barcelona) a través del análisis de una empresa ubicada en un determinado sector económico. En este sentido, también puede entenderse como un material didáctico en la línea del llamado aprendizaje basado en problemas (problem-based learning). Con una estructura dinámica, basada en cuestiones de opción múltiple, e incorporada como módulo dentro de la plataforma Moodle (utilizada por la Universitat de Barcelona), permite una ejecución “on-line” de su contenido. Nuestra herramienta es un ejemplo más de cómo el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), puede contribuir enormemente a la innovación de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario

Very large array H53α and H92α line observations of the central region of NGC 253

We present new VLA observations toward NGC 253 of the recombination line H53α (43 GHz) at an angular resolution of 1".5 × 1".0. The free-free emission at 43 GHz is estimated to be ~140 mJy, implying a star formation rate of 2 M⊙ yr-1 in the nuclear region of this starburst galaxy. A reanalysis is made for previously reported H92α observations carried out with angular resolution of 1".5 × 1".0 and 0".36 × 0".21. Based on the line and continuum emission models used for the 1".5 × 1".0 angular resolution observations, the RRLs H53α and H92α are tracers of the high-density (~105 cm-3) and low-density (~103 cm-3) thermally ionized gas components in NGC 253, respectively. The velocity fields observed in the H53α and H92α lines (1".5 × 1".0) are consistent. The velocity gradient in the central ~18 pc of the NE component, as observed in both the H53α and H92α lines, is in the opposite direction to the velocity gradient determined from the CO observations. The enclosed virial mass, as deduced from the H53α velocity gradient over the NE component, is ~5 × 106 M⊙ in the central ~18 pc region. The H92α line observations at high angular resolution (0".36 × 0".21) reveal a larger velocity gradient, along a P.A. ~ -45° on the NE component, of ~110 km s-1 arcsec-1. The dynamical mass estimated using the high angular resolution H92α data (~7 × 106 M⊙) supports the existence of an accreted massive object in the nuclear region of NGC 253

What content to post? Evaluating the effectiveness of Facebook communications in destinations.

This study analyzes the marketing effectiveness of the social media posts of destination management organizations (DMOs) based on message format and content and the moderator effect of its message appeal in order to understand the users’ responses to destinations’ social media posts. The paper also discusses the most appropriate social media message strategy for Facebook campaigns for DMOs. The methodology is based on the content analysis of a sample of 3303 Facebook posts from 12 English and Spanish heritage city destinations. A Poisson regression was used to test the marketing effectiveness of the posts based on the number of Facebook reactions and message characteristics. Considering the particularities of each country, the results provide insights for DMOs for their social media message strategies. The results show that emotional messages tend to be more effective than informational messages in many cases, and several recommendations for Facebook usage are developed for the management of destinations through social media

Novel antimicrobial filtering materials based on carvacrol, eugenol, thymol and vanillin immobilized on silica microparticles for water treatment

[EN] The objective of this work was to develop filtering materials based on different-sized silica particles functionalized with carvacrol (0.01¿g/g SiO2), eugenol (0.04¿g/g SiO2), thymol (0.01¿g/g SiO2) and vanillin (0.12¿g/g SiO2). The removal capability of the functionalized supports was evaluated using distilled water inoculated with Escherichia coli (104¿CFU/mL). Water samples (100¿mL) were filtered through layers of supports of different thickness (0.5, 1 or 1.5¿cm thick), according to different filtration tests. The results showed the supports' efficacy, because the microorganism was totally eliminated after filtration, requiring the passage of the sample through the filter only a few seconds in some cases. Removal of E. coli was due to a combination of physical adsorption and inactivation on contact with the immobilized molecules. Functionalized supports' efficacy remained after filtering multiple samples and/or pre-conditioning (washing with 1¿3¿L of sterile water), which suggests the maintenance of the molecules attached to silica microparticles' surface. No wash-out effect was determined after filtration with eugenol, thymol and vanillin functionalized supports, which demonstrated the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial compounds. Industrial relevance Ensuring appropriate water decontamination with no potential health risks associated with conventional chemical disinfectants and meeting the growing point-of-use water treatment demand require emerging technologies for the microbial decontamination of drinking water. The developed filtering materials showed good bacterial removal capacity with log reduction values of 104¿CFU/mL, which are adequate for household water treatment technologies. As proof-of-concept, this study demonstrated the high potential of the developed functionalized silica supports to remove bacteria such as E. coli in water treatment.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and FEDER-EU (Project RTI2018-101599-B-C21). N.P.G. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for her grant. The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support.Peña-Gomez, N.; Ruiz Rico, M.; Pérez-Esteve, É.; Fernández Segovia, I.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2019). Novel antimicrobial filtering materials based on carvacrol, eugenol, thymol and vanillin immobilized on silica microparticles for water treatment. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 58:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102228195

Valence Bond States: Link models

An isotropic anti-ferromagnetic quantum state on a square lattice is characterized by symmetry arguments only. By construction, this quantum state is the result of an underlying valence bond structure without breaking any symmetry in the lattice or spin spaces. A detailed analysis of the correlations of the quantum state is given (using a mapping to a 2D classical statistical model and methods in field theory like mapping to the non-linear sigma model or bosonization techniques) as well as the results of numerical treatments (regarding exact diagonalization and variational methods). Finally, the physical relevance of the model is motivated. A comparison of the model to known anti-ferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulators is given by means of the two-point equal-time correlation function obtained i) numerically from the suggested state and ii) experimentally from neutron scattering on cuprates in the anti-ferromagnetic insulator phase.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures; added references, corrected some typos, new sections. Published versio

Controlled Release of rAAV Vectors from APMA-Functionalized Contact Lenses for Corneal Gene Therapy

As an alternative to eye drops and ocular injections for gene therapy, the aim of this work was to design for the first time hydrogel contact lenses that can act as platforms for the controlled delivery of viral vectors (recombinant adeno-associated virus, rAAV) to the eye in an effective way with improved patient compliance. Hydrogels of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) (H1: 40, and H2: 80 mM) or without (Hc: 0 mM) were synthesized, sterilized by steam heat (121 °C, 20 min), and then tested for gene therapy using rAAV vectors to deliver the genes to the cornea. The hydrogels showed adequate light transparency, oxygen permeability, and swelling for use as contact lenses. Loading of viral vectors (rAAV-lacZ, rAAV-RFP, or rAAV-hIGF-I) was carried out at 4 °C to maintain viral vector titer. Release in culture medium was monitored by fluorescence with Cy3-rAAV-lacZ and AAV Titration ELISA. Transduction efficacy was tested through reporter genes lacZ and RFP in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). lacZ was detected with X-Gal staining and quantified with Beta-Glo®, and RFP was monitored by fluorescence. The ability of rAAV-hIGF-I-loaded hydrogels to trigger cell proliferation in hMSCs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the ability of rAAV-lacZ-loaded hydrogels to transduce bovine cornea was confirmed through detection with X-Gal staining of β-galactosidase expressed within the tissue