La contribución de la mujer en la economía rural de Castilla y León

La participación de la mujer en el tejido socioeconómico de las zonas rurales se ha visto frecuentemente infravalorada. Sin embargo, desde hace pocos años existe una clara conciencia por parte de los poderes públicos de que la inclusión de la mujer en las estrategias de dinamización socioeconómica del mundo rural es fundamental para fijar población y generar renta y empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en determinar la contribución económica de la mujer en el desarrollo del medio rural de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. Para ello, se ha analizado la relación existente entre el grado de desarrollo de los municipios rurales y las características socioeconómicas de las mujeres que los habitan. Para alcanzar tal fin, se han empleado tres tipos de técnicas multivariantes: el análisis de componentes principales, la regresión múltiple y el análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados alcanzados permiten afirmar que la participación económica y social de la mujer en el medio rural de Castilla y León se configura como una condición indispensable para alcanzar un mayor bienestar y nivel de desarrollo en esas zonas.Género, desarrollo rural, métodos cuantitativos, Castilla y León (España)., Agricultural and Food Policy, J16, O18, R23,

Valence Bond States: Link models

An isotropic anti-ferromagnetic quantum state on a square lattice is characterized by symmetry arguments only. By construction, this quantum state is the result of an underlying valence bond structure without breaking any symmetry in the lattice or spin spaces. A detailed analysis of the correlations of the quantum state is given (using a mapping to a 2D classical statistical model and methods in field theory like mapping to the non-linear sigma model or bosonization techniques) as well as the results of numerical treatments (regarding exact diagonalization and variational methods). Finally, the physical relevance of the model is motivated. A comparison of the model to known anti-ferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulators is given by means of the two-point equal-time correlation function obtained i) numerically from the suggested state and ii) experimentally from neutron scattering on cuprates in the anti-ferromagnetic insulator phase.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures; added references, corrected some typos, new sections. Published versio

Diseño de aplicativos de "autodiagnóstico sectoriales" como soporte del trabajo autónomo en el nuevo EEES

L'objectiu d'aquests aplicatius, centrats cadascun d'ells en diferents sectors de l'economia, és facilitar la consecució d'un dels objectius vinculats a la implantació de l'Espai Europeu d'Ensenyament Superior (EEES), on s'estableix que el procés formatiu universitari ha de basar-se a desenvolupar l'estudi continuat i autònom dels estudiants (self-regulated/managed learning). El nostre aplicatiu informàtic és un instrument mitjançant el qual l'alumne, de forma autònoma, pot autoavaluar quin és el seu nivell de coneixement dels continguts de les assignatures d'Estadística (grau d’A.D.E. de la Universitat de Barcelona) via l'anàlisi d'una empresa situada en un determinat sector econòmic. En aquest sentit, també pot entendre's com un material didàctic en la línia de l'anomenat aprenentatge basat en problemes (problem-based learning). Amb una estructura dinàmica, basada en qüestions d'opció múltiple, i incorporada com un mòdul dins de la plataforma Moodle (utilitzada per la Universitat de Barcelona), permet una execució “on-line” del seu contingut. La nostra eina és un exemple més de com l'ús de les noves tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TIC), pot contribuir enormement a la innovació dels processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge en el marc universitari.The aim of these applications, each focusing on different sectors of the economy, is to facilitate the achievement of one of the objectives related to the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), stating that the university educational process must be based on developing the students? continued and autonomous study (self-regulated/managed learning. Our computer-based learning is an instrument through which the student autonomously can self-assess the level of knowledge of Statistics subject content (A.D.E. degree from the University of Barcelona) through the analysis of a company located in a particular economic sector. In this sense, it can be understood as a teaching material on line based on problems (problem-based learning). With a dynamic structure, based on multiple choice questions, and incorporated as a module within the Moodle platform (used by the University of Barcelona), it allows a run on-line "of its content. Our tool is another example of how the use of new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute enormously to innovation of the teaching and learning processes in the university context.El objetivo de estos aplicativos, centrados cada uno de ellos en diferentes sectores de la economía, es facilitar la consecución de uno de los objetivos vinculados a la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES), donde se establece que el proceso formativo universitario debe basarse en desarrollar el estudio continuado y autónomo de los estudiantes (self-regulated/managed learning). Nuestro aplicativo informático es un instrumento mediante el cual el alumno, de forma autónoma, puede autoevaluar cuál es su nivel de conocimiento de los contenidos de las asignaturas de Estadística (grado de A.D.E. de la Universitat de Barcelona) a través del análisis de una empresa ubicada en un determinado sector económico. En este sentido, también puede entenderse como un material didáctico en la línea del llamado aprendizaje basado en problemas (problem-based learning). Con una estructura dinámica, basada en cuestiones de opción múltiple, e incorporada como módulo dentro de la plataforma Moodle (utilizada por la Universitat de Barcelona), permite una ejecución “on-line” de su contenido. Nuestra herramienta es un ejemplo más de cómo el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), puede contribuir enormemente a la innovación de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario

Late Pleistocene to Holocene palaeoenvironmental variability in the north-west Spanish mountains: insights from a source-to-sink environmental magnetic study of Lake Sanabria

International audienceWe present a source-to-sink environmental magnetic study of a sediment core from Lake Sanabria (north-west Iberian Peninsula) and rocks of its catchment. The results indicate the occurrence of magnetite, and probably also pyrrhotite, in sediments accumulated between ca. 26 and 13 cal ka BP in a proglacial lake environment. These minerals also appear to dominate the magnetic assemblage of Palaeozoic rocks from the lake catchment. This indicates that sedimentation was then driven by the erosion of glacial flour, which suffered minimal chemical transformation due to a rapid and short routing to the lake. A sharp change in magnetic properties observed in the lake sediments between 13 and 12.6 cal ka BP reflects the rapid retreat of glaciers from the lake catchment. Sediments from the upper half of the studied sequence, accumulated after 12.6 cal ka BP in a lacustrine environment with strong fluvial influence, contain magnetite and smaller amounts of maghemite and greigite. We suggest that greigite grew authigenically under anoxic conditions caused by enhanced accumulation of organic matter into the lake. The occurrence of maghemite in these sediments suggests pedogenic activity in the then deglaciated lake catchment before the erosion and transportation of detrital material into the lake

African Trypanosomes undermine humoral responses and vaccine development : link with inflammatory responses?

African trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease of great medical and socioeconomical importance. It is caused by strictly extracellular protozoan parasites capable of infecting all vertebrate classes including human, livestock, and game animals. To survive within their mammalian host, trypanosomes have evolved efficient immune escape mechanisms and manipulate the entire host immune response, including the humoral response. This report provides an overview of how trypanosomes initially trigger and subsequently undermine the development of an effective host antibody response. Indeed, results available to date obtained in both natural and experimental infection models show that trypanosomes impair homeostatic B-cell lymphopoiesis, B-cell maturation and survival and B-cell memory development. Data on B-cell dysfunctioning in correlation with parasite virulence and trypanosome-mediated inflammation will be discussed, as well as the impact of trypanosomosis on heterologous vaccine efficacy and diagnosis. Therefore, new strategies aiming at enhancing vaccination efficacy could benefit from a combination of (i) early parasite diagnosis, (ii) anti-trypanosome (drugs) treatment, and (iii) anti-inflammatory treatment that collectively might allow B-cell recovery and improve vaccination

Weekday and weekend patterns of physical activity and sedentary time among Liverpool and Madrid youth

Levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among English and Spanish youth are high and vary within different regions of each country. Little though is known about these during specific periods of the day. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity (PA) and sedentary time during segments of the day and week, and compare these critical contexts between youth in the Liverpool and Madrid areas of England and Spain, respectively. PA was objectively assessed in 235 Liverpool- and 241 Madrid youth (aged 10-14 years) who wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Minutes of sedentary time, moderate PA, vigorous PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were calculated for weekdays, weekend days, school time, non-school time and after-school. Between-country differences were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Madrid youth spent significantly more time in sedentary activities than their Liverpool counterparts. Madrid youth engaged in more minutes of moderate intensity physical activity (MPA) than Liverpool youth during weekdays, school time and non-school time (P < 0.01). Liverpool children recorded more time in vigorous physical activity (VPA) than Madrid peers during week days and weekend days (P < 0.01) and during school time and after-school periods (P < 0.01). The MVPA was significantly higher among Madrid youth during non-school time (P < 0.01). Around 25% of all youth achieved recommended levels of MVPA. Low levels of MVPA and systematic differences in sedentary time, MPA and VPA exist between Liverpool and Madrid youth. Interventions targeted at the least-active children during weekends, after-school and non-school periods within the cultural contexts common to each city are required. © 2013 © 2013 European College of Sport Science

Inclusive production of ρ0(770),f0(980)\rho^{0}(770), f_0(980) and f2(1270)f_2(1270) mesons in νμ\nu_{\mu} charged current interactions

The inclusive production of the meson resonances $\rho^{0}(770)$, $f_0(980)$ and $f_2(1270)$ in neutrino-nucleus charged current interactions has been studied with the NOMAD detector exposed to the wide band neutrino beam generated by 450 GeV protons at the CERN SPS. For the first time the $f_{0}(980)$ meson is observed in neutrino interactions. The statistical significance of its observation is 6 standard deviations. The presence of $f_{2}(1270)$ in neutrino interactions is reliably established. The average multiplicity of these three resonances is measured as a function of several kinematic variables. The experimental results are compared to the multiplicities obtained from a simulation based on the Lund model. In addition, the average multiplicity of $\rho^{0}(770)$ in antineutrino - nucleus interactions is measured.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables. To appear in Nucl. Phys.

Search for heavy neutrinos mixing with tau neutrinos

We report on a search for heavy neutrinos (\nus) produced in the decay D_s\to \tau \nus at the SPS proton target followed by the decay \nudecay in the NOMAD detector. Both decays are expected to occur if \nus is a component of $\nu_{\tau}$.\ From the analysis of the data collected during the 1996-1998 runs with $4.1\times10^{19}$ protons on target, a single candidate event consistent with background expectations was found. This allows to derive an upper limit on the mixing strength between the heavy neutrino and the tau neutrino in the \nus mass range from 10 to 190 $\rm MeV$. Windows between the SN1987a and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis lower limits and our result are still open for future experimental searches. The results obtained are used to constrain an interpretation of the time anomaly observed in the KARMEN1 detector.\Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, a few comments adde

Search for the exotic Θ+\Theta^+ resonance in the NOMAD experiment

A search for exotic Theta baryon via Theta -> proton +Ks decay mode in the NOMAD muon neutrino DIS data is reported. The special background generation procedure was developed. The proton identification criteria are tuned to maximize the sensitivity to the Theta signal as a function of xF which allows to study the Theta production mechanism. We do not observe any evidence for the Theta state in the NOMAD data. We provide an upper limit on Theta production rate at 90% CL as 2.13 per 1000 of neutrino interactions.Comment: Accepted to European Physics Journal