Aplicação dos 5 sensos em uma escola da região de joinville - sc: uma proposta de intervenção para a cidadania / Application of the 5 senses in a school in the joinville - sc region: a proposal of intervention for citizenship

Na reorganização de um país, a mudança cultural é necessária para seu sucesso, os princípios devem ser ensinados desde o período escolar, tal como acontece no Japão. O Programa 5S nasceu no Japão na década de 1950 idealizado por Kaoru Ishikawa e foi aplicado após a Segunda Guerra Mundial com a finalidade de reorganizar o país quando vivia a crise pós-guerra. Foi um dos fatores da recuperação das empresas e da implantação da qualidade total no país. Os cinco termos relacionados (Sensos), começando com a letra “S”, descrevem práticas para o ambiente de trabalho e são uteis para o gerenciamento visual e para a produção enxuta: Senso de Utilização, Senso de Ordenação, Senso de Limpeza, Senso de Saúde e Senso de Autodisciplina. Portanto, diante da grande influência que a educação básica tem na formação dos cidadãos e do papel escolar, a presente pesquisa pautou-se na aplicação dos 5 sensos de forma lúdica para crianças com faixa etária entre 09 a 14 anos. Para ensinar através dos jogos é preciso mensurar e ter objetivos claros do que alcançar. O que se busca, então, é interligar a educação escolar com o Programa 5S, o que resultaria em processos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. A aplicação teve o intuito de promover reflexões e novas atitudes frente às questões de organização, limpeza, autodisciplina, saúde e higiene. Desta forma, há o auxílio para a escola que busca a formação do cidadão para um papel na sociedade com plenitude.  No processo de caminhada em direção à qualidade de vida social, a aplicação da metodologia do 5S é crucial. Para ensinar a metodologia, foi necessária a aplicação de conceitos que despertem o interesse dos jovens e crianças, que por sua vez, a melhor opção foi através da aplicação de um jogo. O jogo teve duas fases, na primeira etapa o material utilizado para aplicação, foi do emprego de um tabuleiro, este contemplava a distribuição de várias atividades envolvendo o conteúdo proposto. Na aplicação separa-se a turma em equipes e cada equipe deve escolher seu representante para comandar o tabuleiro. O dado é jogado e caso a equipe caia em uma casa que tenha atividade, esta deve ser realizada por um integrante da equipe, do qual, o líder deve escolher. A escolha de separar a sala em grupos tem como base a relevância do trabalho em equipe. Para analisar a eficácia da absorção do conteúdo, elaborou-se um questionário, do qual, a aplicação foi após dois meses da prática do jogo. A adesão ao uso de perguntas teve-se pelo fato de analisar o que as crianças aprenderam e para verificação do conteúdo absorvido, após determinado período foi elaborada uma pesquisa para obter dados mais consistentes sobre as etapas do processo. Por fim, há o entendimento de que o jogo despertou muito interesse entre os alunos. Através do questionário aplicado, houve a percepção do que havia sido compreendido por sua maioria em relação aos conceitos dos 5 sensos

Doenças infeciosas em peixes ornamentais de aquário: medidas de prevenção e controle

Peixes ornamentais de aquário representam um grande segmento no mercado de animais de estimação, no qual Estados Unidos, Europa e Japão dominam. São aproximadamente 1.500 espécies de peixes marinhos e em torno de 4.500 de espécies de água doce comercializados com fins ornamentais. O peixe é a quarta espécie mais comum nos domicílios brasileiros. Peixes ornamentais de aquário são comercializados e distribuídos em diferentes partes do território nacional e do mundo. O comércio e circulação de animais vivos sem o uso de procedimentos de manejo profilático adequados possibilita a disseminação de inúmeros agentes patogênicos. Peixes ornamentais de aquário carreiam consigo agentes patogênicos de etiologia bacteriana, viral, fúngica e parasitária, sendo alguns de caráter zoonótico colocando em riscopessoas que os manipulam. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os principais agentes infeciosos patogênicos - de natureza bacteriana, viral e fúngica - que acometem peixes ornamentais de aquário, bem como os métodos de prevenção e controle que permitam excelência no segmento.Aquarium ornamental pet fish constitute a major segment in the pet industry, with the United States, Europe, and Japan dominating the market. There are approximately 1,500 marine fish species and over 4,500 freshwater fish species commercialized as aquarium ornamental pet fish. Fish are the fourth most common pet present in Brazilian homes. In Brazil, aquarium ornamental pet fish can be marketed and distributed from different parts of the Brazilian territory and the world. Commercialization and circulation of living animals without the use of adequate prophylactic management procedures enables dissemination of a number of agents responsible for infectious diseases. Aquarium pet fish can also carry pathogenic agents, of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic etiology, that may have a zoonotic feature endangering the persons handling the animals. This review presents the main pathogenic infectious agents of bacterial, viral, andfungal etiology that affect aquarium pet fish, as well as the prevention and control measures to ensure sanitary excellence in this segment

Indicadores de saúde e perfil criminal de homens cumprindo pena em regime fechado

Understanding the profile of individual deprived of liberty is essential to work on alternatives that minimize recidivism. Thus, this study aimed screen for health indicators and criminal profile in a sample of prisoners, across a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 134 individuals from a penitentiary in the Paraná State (Brazil). Sociodemographic variables, health indicators, types of crimes, aggression levels, and recidivism were investigated. In total, it was possible to identify a young population (35,93±12,54 years old), with low education (until 8 years), being crimes against the sexual dignity the most common (29,19%). Health indicators revealed that 11,94% reported excellent health, 16,42% very good, 29,85% good, 29,85% reasonable and 11,19% reported bad health. In relation to nutritional profile, the BMI was 27,37±5,34 kg/m², with a predominance of individuals in eutrophic state (35,07%) and underweight (33,58%). According to mental health, the mean of sleep hours was 7,82±2,38 hours/day and most of individuals presented signs and symptoms of depression (53,1%) and anxiety (41,5%). The significant predictors of a negative self-perception about the own health were the presence of depression (OR = 6,31, 95%CI: 1,39 – 28,54) and anxiety (OR = 4,83, 95%CI: 1,26 – 18,39) which, together, explained around 40% of the outcome. The observed profiled resembles national data with this population, hence highlighting the importance of public policies encouraging education, social reintegration, and professional training for young people so they are not tempted to crimes.Compreender o perfil de indivíduos privados de liberdade é fundamental para trabalhar alternativas que minimizem a reincidência. Assim, o estudo buscou levantar indicadores de saúde e perfil criminal em indivíduos privados de liberdade através de um estudo transversal, envolvendo 134 indivíduos de uma penitenciária do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, indicadores de saúde, tipos de crimes, níveis de agressividade e reincidência. Ao todo, foi possível identificar um perfil jovem (35.93±12.54 anos), com baixa escolaridade (até 8 anos), sendo o principal crime contra a dignidade sexual (29.19%). Os indicadores de saúde revelaram que 11.94% apresentaram saúde excelente; 16.42% muito boa; 29.85% boa; 29.85% razoável e 11.19% ruim. Quanto ao perfil nutricional, o IMC foi de 27.37±5.34 kg/m², predominando indivíduos em estado de eutrofia (35.07%) e sobrepeso (33.58%). Em relação a saúde mental, a média de horas de sono foi de 7.82±2.38 horas/dia e grande parte dos indivíduos manifestaram sinais e sintomas de depressão (53.1%) e ansiedade (41.5%). Os preditores significativos de uma autopercepção negativa acerca da própria saúde foram a presença de depressão (Razão de chance [RC] = 6.31, IC95%: 1.39 – 28.54) e de ansiedade (RC = 4.83, IC95%: 1.26 – 18.39) que, juntos, explicaram cerca de 40% do desfecho. Logo, observa-se um perfil semelhante ao divulgado por dados nacionais, destacando-se a importância das políticas públicas no incentivo à educação, inserção social e formação profissional dos jovens para que não sejam aliciados pelo mundo do crime

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence of high risk HPV in HIV-Infected women from Belem, Para, Amazon Region of Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Papilomavírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Papilomavírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Reference Unit Specialized in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Belém, PA, BrazilFederal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Virology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women

TREX1 531C>T Polymorphism is Associated with High Proviral Load Levels in HTLV-1-Infected Persons

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) deregulates the immune system and cell cycle, resulting in loss of immune tolerance and disease, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) maintains innate immune tolerance of the host and host-cell permissiveness to retroviral infections. TREX1 polymorphisms may influence the course of infection and autoimmune manifestations. The influence of TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was investigated in HTLV-1 infection and development of symptoms among 151 persons infected with HTLV-1 (32 HAM/TSP, 19 rheumatologic manifestations, two dermatitis, five more than one diagnosis, two probable HAM/TSP, and 91 asymptomatic individuals) and 100 uninfected persons in the control group. Polymorphism genotyping and proviral load quantification were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. No statistically significant difference was found in polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies between the infected and control groups. HAM/TSP patients showed higher frequency of TT genotype than asymptomatic persons (p = 0.0339). Proviral load was significantly higher among individuals with CT/TT genotypes and CC genotype carriers had lower proviral load and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. ANAs were present only in the HAM/TSP group. TREX1 531C>T polymorphism seems to be associated with TREX-1 regulation and HTLV-1 infection

Noteworthy records of the ticks Ornithodoros rostratus and Amblyomma sculptum parasitizing Pteronura brasiliensis in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes

Abstract A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites