50 research outputs found

    Stem cells from human dental pulp and apical papilla : morphological and synchrotron radiation analysis

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    Dental Mesenchymal stem cells has prompted great for cell-based therapeutics. But no one knows for sure what the true potential of these cells, since most of the studies were done in isolation, using as source, different donors or different cell processi

    Alternative communication technology applied inlaryngectomized people due to head and neck cancer

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    Study design: Integrative literature review. Aims: To summarize the main results of research and publications related to the use of alternative communication technologies for people with restrictions on their communication skills, particularly those laryngectomized with head and neck cancer. Method: This study was based on bibliographic research in electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and CINAHL through the use of the following descriptors: “Head and Neck Neoplasms”, “Head and Neck Cancer”, “Quality of Life” and “Communication” , their corresponding in Portuguese and their crosses. Results: Selected 14 articles published in the period from 2004 to 2014, categorized into two units of analysis: I: Illness and treatment impact on quality of life and physical aspects, functional and symptoms (N = 5), II: Psychosocial aspects related to the treatment of head and neck cancer (N = 9). The articles indicated that the disease and the treatment of cancer cause body changes, at times traumatic, with important impacts on the functional and esthetic aspects, with speech, nutrition and physical appearance alterations, besides affecting the psychological factors. The laryngectomy is highly stressing and compromises the communication and social interactions, particularly in relation to their families and the health team. The consequences are manifested in everyday life of these subjects, including emotional responses ranging in a singular way to each individual. The use of alternative communication resources can encourage active social participation by people with communication difficulties and favor therefore their quality of life (QoL). Conclusion: The use of alternative resources for communication, by partial or total laryngectomized favors the exercise of the autonomy, maintaining communication skills, active social participation and improves QoL in person’s with cancerModelo do estudo: RevisĂŁo Integrativa da Literatura. Objetivo: sintetizar os principais resultados de pesquisas e publicaçÔes relacionados ao uso de tecnologias de comunicação alternativa por pessoas com restriçÔes de sua capacidade de comunicação, particularmente daquelas laringectomizadas por cĂąncer de cabeça e pescoço. MĂ©todo: estudo baseado em levantamento bibliogrĂĄfico nas bases de dados eletrĂŽnicas: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO e CINAHL, atravĂ©s do uso dos descritores: “Head and Neck Neoplasms”, “Head and Neck Cancer”, “Quality of Life” e “Communication”, seus correspondentes em portuguĂȘs e seus cruzamentos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos, publicados no perĂ­odo de 2004 Ă  2014, categorizados em duas unidades de anĂĄlise: I: Impacto do adoecimento e do tratamento na qualidade de vida e aspectos fĂ­sicos, funcionais e sintomas (N=5), II: Aspectos psicossociais relacionados ao tratamento de cĂąncer de cabeça e pescoço (N=9). Os artigos indicaram que o adoecimento e o tratamento do cĂąncer causam alteraçÔes corporais, por vezes traumĂĄticas, com impactos importantes sobre os aspectos funcionais e estĂ©ticos, com alteraçÔes da fala, da alimentação e aparĂȘncia fĂ­sica, alĂ©m de afetar fatores psicolĂłgicos. A laringectomia Ă© altamente estressante e compromete a comunicação e as interaçÔes sociais, particularmente em relação a seus familiares e equipe de saĂșde. Essas consequĂȘncias manifestam-se na vida cotidiana desses sujeitos, incluindo respostas emocionais que variam de forma singular a cada individuo. O uso de recursos de comunicação alternativa pode favorecer a participação social ativa por parte de pessoas com dificuldades de comunicação e favorecer, assim, sua qualidade de vida (QV). ConclusĂŁo: O uso de recursos alternativos para a comunicação, por parte de laringectomizados parciais ou totais, favorece o exercĂ­cio da autonomia, a manutenção da capacidade de comunicação, a ativa participação social e melhora da QV da pessoa com cĂąnce

    Caregivers burden in people in palliative care: an integrative literature review

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    Modelo do estudo: RevisĂŁo Integrativa da Literatura. Objetivo: sintetizar os principais resultados de pesquisas e analisar criticamente as evidĂȘncias cientĂ­ficas relativas ao tema da sobrecarga de cuidadores de pessoas em Cuidados Paliativos. MĂ©todo: Busca bibliogrĂĄfica nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL e na biblioteca virtual SciELO, com os cruzamentos entre os descritores: “Caregivers”, “Palliative Care”, “Terminal Care”, “Hospice Care”, e as palavras-chave “Burden”, “Supportive Care”. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 artigos publicados em periĂłdicos internacionais, no perĂ­odo de janeiro de 2004 a junho de 2014. Foram categorizados em trĂȘs unidades de anĂĄlise: a tarefa de cuidar e as consequĂȘncias para a vida do cuidador (N=7); a sobrecarga do cuidador diante da proximidade da morte (N=8); programas e serviços de apoio aos cuidadores (N=8). Os artigos indicaram que a sobrecarga do cuidador varia de acordo com sua vivĂȘncia da tarefa de cuidar e a evolução da doença da pessoa cuidada; o cuidador necessita ser acolhido em suas necessidades e ter acesso a recursos da comunidade e serviços de saĂșde para diminuir a sobrecarga e melhorar tanto sua qualidade de vida, quanto da pessoa cuidada. PorĂ©m, as evidĂȘncias cientĂ­ficas sĂŁo consideradas fracas, com nĂ­veis 4 (65,2%) e 5 (21,8%) e apenas 13% dos estudos apresentam evidĂȘncias consideradas fortes. ConclusĂŁo: O tema da sobrecarga de cuidadores de pessoas em Cuidados Paliativos Ă© relevante para a pesquisa e para a prĂĄtica clĂ­nica, mas hĂĄ necessidade de estudos com melhor qualidade metodolĂłgica e evidĂȘncias cientĂ­ficas que alicercem o cuidado a essa populaçãoStudy design: Integrative literature review. Objective: To summarize the main research findings and critically analyze the evidence on the burden of caregivers of people in Palliative Care. Method: Bibliographic search in the electronic databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and the virtual library SciELO, with crosses between the descriptors: “Caregivers”, “Palliative Care”, “Hospice Care”, “Terminal Care” and the keywords “Burden”, “Supportive Care”. Results: 23 articles were selected, having been published in journals between January 2004 and June 2014, categorized into three units of analysis: 1. the task of caring and the consequences to the life of the caregiver (N=7); 2. the caregiver burden before the approach of death (N=8); 3. programs and support services to caregivers (N=8). The articles indicate that the caregiver burden varies according to their experience of care task and the evolution of the cared person’s illness; the caregiver needs to be received on your needs and have access to reduce the burden and improve both caregiver’s quality life as the assisted one. However, scientific evidence is considered fragile, with levels 4 (65.2%) and 5 (21.8%) and only 13% of studies present evidence considered strong. Conclusion: The issue of burden of caregivers of people in palliative care is relevant for research and for clinical practice, but there is need for studies with better methodological quality and scientific evidence to support the care for this populatio

    AnĂĄlise da influĂȘncia dos processos de plasticidade e fratura no comportamento mecĂąnico de microestruturas de CompĂłsitos de Matriz MetĂĄlica

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    RESUMO O presente trabalho trata da simulação numĂ©rica do comportamento mecĂąnico de microestruturas de CompĂłsitos com Matriz MetĂĄlica (CMMs) utilizando uma proposta de modelo de homogeneização computacional baseada numa abordagem multi-escala. Na microestrutura do compĂłsito, as inclusĂ”es sĂŁo consideradas elĂĄsticas e o comportamento da matriz Ă© governado pelo modelo de von Mises com endurecimento isotrĂłpico. Um modelo de fratura coesiva Ă© desenvolvido para simular a fase de descolamento da interface matriz/inclusĂŁo. Todo o estudo Ă© baseado no conceito de Elemento de Volume Representativo (EVR), no qual podem ser empregados modelos constitutivos que levam em conta os fenĂŽmenos dissipativos de fissuração e plasticidade. Uma sĂ©rie de EVRs com diferentes composiçÔes de inclusĂ”es elĂĄsticas e submetidos a diferentes condiçÔes de restrição cinemĂĄtica foram analisados. TambĂ©m observou-se a sensibilidade paramĂ©trica do modelo de fratura coesiva e a importĂąncia de se considerar a fase de descolamento matriz/inclusĂŁo no processo de ruptura da microestrutura. De modo geral, os resultados encontrados contribuem para a discussĂŁo acerca do emprego de modelos simples, em termos de formulação e identificação paramĂ©trica, na modelagem da microestrutura de materiais heterogĂȘneos, refletindo assim na acurĂĄcia de resultados qualitativos quanto ao seu comportamento macroscĂłpico

    Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition

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    Running waters contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes through decomposition of terrestrial plant litter by aquatic microorganisms and detritivores. Diversity of this litter may influence instream decomposition globally in ways that are not yet understood. We investigated latitudinal differences in decomposition of litter mixtures of low and high functional diversity in 40 streams on 6 continents and spanning 113 degrees of latitude. Despite important variability in our dataset, we found latitudinal differences in the effect of litter functional diversity on decomposition, which we explained as evolutionary adaptations of litter-consuming detritivores to resource availability. Specifically, a balanced diet effect appears to operate at lower latitudes versus a resource concentration effect at higher latitudes. The latitudinal pattern indicates that loss of plant functional diversity will have different consequences on carbon fluxes across the globe, with greater repercussions likely at low latitudes

    Cross-sectional analysis of students and school workers reveals a high number of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during school reopening in Brazilian cities

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    Brazil experienced one of the most prolonged periods of school closures, and reopening could have exposed students to high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the infection status of students and school workers at the time of the reopening of schools located in Brazilian cities is unknown. Here we evaluated viral carriage by RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and IgG) by immunochromatography in 2259 individuals (1139 students and 1120 school workers) from 28 schools in 28 Brazilian cities. We collected the samples within 30 days after public schools reopened and before the start of vaccination campaigns. Most students (n = 421) and school workers (n = 446) had active (qRT-PCR + IgM− IgG− or qRT-PCR + IgM + IgG−/+) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Regression analysis indicated a strong association between the infection status of students and school workers. Furthermore, while 45% (n = 515) of the students and 37% (n = 415) of the school workers were neither antigen nor antibody positive in laboratory tests, 16% of the participants (169 students and 193 school workers) were oligosymptomatic, including those reinfected. These individuals presented mild symptoms such as headache, sore throat, and cough. Notably, most of the individuals were asymptomatic (83.9%). These results indicate that many SARS-CoV-2 infections in Brazilian cities during school reopening were asymptomatic. Thus, our study highlights the need to promote a coordinated public health effort to guarantee a safe educational environment while avoiding exacerbating pre-existent social inequalities in Brazil, reducing social, mental, and economic losses for students, school workers, and their families
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