Taxonomia e filogenia preliminar de Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2014.Amauroderma é um gênero de macrofungos poliporoides de Ganodermataceae caracterizado por apresentar basidiomas sésseis a estipitados, com coloração em diferentes tons de marrom, sistema hifal dimítico, basidiósporos globosos, elipsoides a oblongos, hialinos a amarelados e com dupla parede, onde o endósporo é ornamentado (uma espécie apresenta endósporo liso). O gênero está distribuído em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, geralmente associados a raízes de árvores vivas ou mortas, mas também ocorrendo em troncos mortos. Apesar de bem delimitado morfologicamente, nenhuma análise filogenética do gênero foi realizada até o momento e suas relações em Ganodermataceae são assumidas por apenas três espécies. Este trabalho apresenta aspectos taxonômicos e filogenéticos sobre Amauroderma, a partir de análises morfológicas (macro, micro e ultraestrurais) bem como filogenéticas moleculares. Ao todo, foram revisados 144 espécimes (coletas e coleções de herbário), representando 17 espécies de Amauroderma e cinco de gêneros relacionados. Dentre estes, duas novas espécies são propostas, Amauroderma calcitum Ad int. com morfologia intermediária a A. partitum e A. calcigenum, e A. opacaespitosa Ad int., caracterizada por apresentar hábito cespitoso, basidiomas opacos com contexto marrom, sem linhas e esporos amplamente elipsoides. Também é proposta a sinonimização de A. omphalodes em A. camerarium, bem como são apresentados novos registros para o domínio fitogeográfico do Cerrado e para a Argentina. Por fim, é apresentada uma filogenia (ITS, LSU e ITS+LSU) com a proposição de um gênero novo (Foraminisporus Ad int.) e uma nova combinação (F. sprucei Ad int.), caracterizados por apresentar colunas endospóricas ocas, sendo esta uma sinapomorfia dos táxons. Ainda, Amauroderma é considerado um táxon polifilético. A partir dos resultados apresentados aqui, nota-se a eminente possibilidade de novidades científicas, tanto a nível específico quanto a nível genérico, bem como a necessidade de estudos que envolvam análises morfológicas (macro, micro e ultraestrutural) e moleculares com múltiplos marcadores.Abstract : Amauroderma is a polypore macrofungi genus oin theGanodermataceae characterized by sessile to stipitate basidiomata, dimitic hyphal system, and globose, ellipsoid to oblong, hyaline to yellowish, double-walled basidiospores with ornamented endospore (one species presents smooth endospore). Amauroderma occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions, usually associated with roots of living or dead trees, also occurring in dead trunks. Despite its well morphological circumscription Amauroderma is phylogenetically understudied and its relationship in Ganodermataceae is based on few species. A taxonomic and phylogenetic approach of Amauroderma is presented, based on morphological (macro, micro and ultrastructure) and molecular analysis. Around 144 specimens (collections and herbarium material), representing 17 species of Amauroderma and five of related genera were studied. Two new species are proposed, Amauroderma calcitum Ad int. with intermediate morphology of A. partitum and A. calcigenum, and A. opacaespitosa Ad int., characterized by caespitose habbit, dull basidiomata with brown context without bands and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Furthermore, the synonym of A. omphalodes in A. camerarium is also proposed, as well as new records for Brazilian Cerrado and for Argentina. Finally, in a preliminary phylogenetic point of view Amauroderma is considered polyphyletic. Considering the results presented here is possible to observed that there are many scientific novelties among the Ganodermataceae (specific and generic level) and some of them are possible to see only using a detailed morphology combined with molecular studies

Unveiling fungal community structure along different levels of anthropic disturbance in a South American subtropical lagoon

Studies of fungal communities through amplicon metagenomics in aquatic environments, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, are still relatively recent. Unfortunately, many of these water bodies are facing growing threats from human expansion, such as effluent discharge from various human activities. As a result, these effluents have the potential to significantly alter the characteristics of water bodies and, subsequently, impact the diversity of their resident microorganisms. In this context, our objective was to investigate whether the fungal community structure varies according to the presence of different anthropic disturbances. We expect (i) the diversity of fungi will be greater and (ii) more specific unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to each ecotonal system will be found compared to other sites of a lagoon. The study was conducted in the Tramandaí Lagoon (subtropical southern Brazil) at four distinct sampling points (estuary, middle of the lagoon, crop field area, and near a residential area where the Tramandaí River flows into the lagoon). As expected, the estuary and residential zones, which are ecotones, exhibited greater fungal diversity and more specific OTUs compared to the middle of the lagoon and crop field area. Moreover, a substantial proportion of fungal taxa could not be identified at the genus level, with many only classified at the phylum level, indicating potential new lineages. These findings underscore our limited understanding of the subtropical freshwater mycobiota

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

A Multigene phylogeny of Umbellidion revealed a novel lineage in Leotiomycetes

Novel sequences generated in this study were deposited in Genbank, (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Aligments file for Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood, are deposited here.The dataset is based on LSU, ITS, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1.</p

Amauroderma calcitum sp. nov. and notes on taxonomy and distribution of Amauroderma species (Ganodermataceae)

During a polypore survey in the Cerrado (Mato Grosso state, Brazil), Amauroderma specimens were collected and some ofthem deserved special taxonomic attention due to their intermediate morphology between A. calcigenum and A. partitum. Acomparative study of the types and reference material, as well as phylogenetic analysis, led us to conclude that these specimensrepresent an undescribed species, presented here as Amauroderma calcitum. In addition A. brasiliense is presented asa new record for the Brazilian Cerrado. Illustrations, taxonomic analyses and a discussion are presented for each taxon, anda key to the Amauroderma species from Brazil is provided. A phylogenetic discussion about the genus is also presented.Fil: Rezende, Diogo Henrique Costa. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Gugliotta, Adriana de Mello. Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Pablo. Instituto de Botânica; ArgentinaFil: Góes Neto, Aristóteles. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Reck, Mateus Arduvino. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Drechsler Santos, Elisandro. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasi

Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae)

Polypores with complex double-walled basidiospores with a pigmented endosporium ornamented with columns or ridges and a smooth hyaline exosporium are usually classified in the Ganodermataceae. Although the family presents well-delimited morphological features, recent phylogenetic studies have raised divergent evidences about its monophyly. In order to clarify uncertainties of generic delimitation and classification of the group and test its monophyly, morphological analysis and multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on Internal Transcribed Spacer, nuclear 28S rDNA, and portions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and translation elongation factor 1-alpha were carried out. The main outcomes of the study are (i) Ganodermataceae is recovered as monophyletic, (ii) Amaurodermellus is proposed to accommodate the neotropical Amauroderma ovisporum, (iii) Cristataspora is proposed to accommodate two former species of Ganoderma—G. coffeatum and G. flaviporum—with pale context and truncate basidiospores with endosporic ornamentation as ridges. Comments on other species of Ganodermataceae are also presented.Fil: Rezende, Diogo Henrique Costa. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Drechsler Santos, Elisandro R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Glen, Morag. University of Tasmania; AustraliaFil: Gates, Genevieve. University of Tasmania; AustraliaFil: de Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Popoff, Orlando Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Crespo, Esteban María. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica y Microanálisis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Góes Neto, Aristóteles. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasi

Unveiling Fungal Community Structure along Different Levels of Anthropic Disturbance in a South American Subtropical Lagoon

Studies of fungal communities through amplicon metagenomics in aquatic environments, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, are still relatively recent. Unfortunately, many of these water bodies are facing growing threats from human expansion, such as effluent discharge from various human activities. As a result, these effluents have the potential to significantly alter the characteristics of water bodies and, subsequently, impact the diversity of their resident microorganisms. In this context, our objective was to investigate whether the fungal community structure varies according to the presence of different anthropic disturbances. We expect (i) the diversity of fungi will be greater and (ii) more specific unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to each ecotonal system will be found compared to other sites of a lagoon. The study was conducted in the Tramandaí Lagoon (subtropical southern Brazil) at four distinct sampling points (estuary, middle of the lagoon, crop field area, and near a residential area where the Tramandaí River flows into the lagoon). As expected, the estuary and residential zones, which are ecotones, exhibited greater fungal diversity and more specific OTUs compared to the middle of the lagoon and crop field area. Moreover, a substantial proportion of fungal taxa could not be identified at the genus level, with many only classified at the phylum level, indicating potential new lineages. These findings underscore our limited understanding of the subtropical freshwater mycobiota